ISO/TC 160/SC 2 - Use considerations

This document specifies requirements and a test method for security glazing designed to resist impacts of a hard body by delaying access of objects and/or persons to a protected space for a short period of time. It also classifies security-glazing products into categories of resistance to repetitive impacts of a steel sphere. In this document, the categories of resistance have not been assigned to special applications. It is intended that the glazing classification be specified on an individual basis for every application and anticipated action of force upon the glazing. This document deals with mechanical resistance to impact only. NOTE Other properties can also be important.

1.1 This document determines resistance of security glazing products to natural threats characterized by simulated destructive-windstorm events. 1.2 The test method determines the performance of security-glazing for use in fenestration assemblies under conditions representative of events that occur in severe, destructive-windstorm environments using simulated missile impact(s) followed by the application of cyclic static-pressure differentials. 1.3 A missile-propulsion device, an air pressure system and a test chamber are used to model some conditions that can be representative of windborne debris and pressures in a windstorm environment. 1.4 The performance determined by this test method relates to the ability of glazing in the building envelope to remain without openings during a windstorm.

ISO 1288-3:2016 specifies a method for determining the bending strength, including the effects of the edges, of flat glass for use in building. The method specified can also be used to determine the bending strength of the edges of glass separately. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1.

ISO 1288-2:2016 specifies a method for determining the bending strength of glass for use in buildings, excluding the effects of the edges. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1.

ISO 1288-1:2016 specifies the determination of the bending strength of monolithic glass for use in buildings. The testing of insulating units or laminated glass is excluded from this part of ISO 1288. ISO 1288-1:2016 describes - considerations to be taken into account when testing glass, - explanations of the reasons for designing different test methods, - limitations of the test methods, and - gives pointers to safety requirements for the personnel operating the test equipment. ISO 1288‑2, ISO 1288‑3, ISO 1288‑4 and ISO 1288‑5 specify test methods in detail. The test methods specified in this part of ISO 1288 are intended to provide large numbers of bending strength values that can be used as the basis for statistical evaluation of glass strength.

ISO 1288-5:2016 specifies a method for determining the comparative bending strength of glass for use in buildings, excluding the effects of the edges. See ISO 1288‑1, 5.1.4 for an explanation as to why this test method should only be used for comparing the strength of types of glass and not for assessing strength for design purposes. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1. ISO 1288‑1 should be read in conjunction with this part of ISO 1288. This test method is not suitable for patterned glass.

ISO 1288-4:2016 specifies a method for determining the bending strength (defined as the profile bending strength) of wired or unwired channel shaped glass for use in buildings. The limitations of this part of ISO 1288 are described in ISO 1288‑1.

The purpose of ISO 29584:2015 is to evaluate, by means of soft body impactors, safe breakage characteristics of glazing products intended to reduce cutting and piercing injuries to persons through accidental impact. ISO 29584:2015 examines test methods currently employed to determine the pendulum impact performance of safety glass. Use of the methodologies in this International Standard improves the reproducibility of test results and gives a common basis of classification. The aim is for the performance of glass products manufactured and tested in various countries to be better understood and more consistent. Two types of soft body impactors are defined. The traditional shot bag impactor is detailed both in terms of manufacture and maintenance in an attempt to overcome problems associated with such impactors becoming misshapen. The twin tyre impactor is also detailed. The test equipment, excluding the impactor, is also described. A method of calibrating the test frame is given. The benefit of calibrating the test equipment is the increased reproducibility of the test results. Classification of glass products is also detailed. The classification system allows information on the following to be given: a) the maximum drop height at which the glass either did not break or broke safely, i.e. in a manner similar to laminated glass or toughened glass; b) the manner in which the glass would break, i.e. as toughened glass, laminated glass, annealed glass, irrespective of whether or not the glass was broken during the test; c) the maximum drop height at which the glass either did not break or broke safely, i.e. in a manner similar to laminated glass. ISO 29584:2015 does not specify the intended use of the products, but provides a method of classification in terms of the performance of the materials being tested. The impact energy used for the various levels of classification are designed to provide the intended user or the legislator with the information to assist in defining the level of safety and protection required relative to the intended location at which the selected safety glass is to be used.

ISO 28278-1:2011 specifies requirements for the suitability of supported and unsupported glass products for use in the structural sealant glazing (SSG) technique. Regarding glass products, ISO 28278-1:2011 constitutes a supplement to the requirements specified in the corresponding international standards with regard to verifying suitability for use in SSG systems. Only soda lime silicate glass is taken into consideration in ISO 28278-1:2011. The glass products are installed and bonded into the support under controlled environmental conditions as described in ISO 28278-2. Plastic glazing is excluded from the scope of ISO 28278-1:2011. The structural weatherproofing and sealant and outer seal of IGU products, which are commonly used in structural glazing applications are those based on organo-siloxane,"silicone" polymers, and recommended for use by the sealant manufacturer. Where there is a risk of earthquakes, the sealant design may not be sufficient to resist the loads, and complementary arrangements may be necessary. ISO 28278-1:2011 does not preclude the use of other sealant types where these can demonstrate suitability for service according to ISO 28278-1:2011 and when used following the recommendations of the sealant manufacturer.

ISO 28278-2:2010 gives guidelines for the assembly and bonding of glass elements in a frame, window, door or curtain-walling construction, or directly into the building by means of structural bonding of the glass element into or onto the framework or directly into the building. It gives the assembler information that enables him to organize his work and comply with requirements regarding quality control. Quality control of the assembly process is of the highest importance. ISO 28278-2:2010 provides the minimum requirements for acceptable quality control of the process of structural sealant glazing (SSG) on a single project. The annexes contained at the end of ISO 28278-2:2010 provide the methods to ensure proper application and documentation for a safe and weatherproof glazing assembly product. This process is intended to be applicable to most SSG projects. The project testing on metal substrates and glass products will determine proper surface preparation and installation instructions. These rules do not apply to the adhesion or durability of the paint finishes or glass products. This is not intended to be a durability test requirement for the paint and glass products commonly used in the SSG process. The structural, weatherproofing and sealant products which are commonly used in structural glazing applications are those based on organosiloxane, "silicone" polymers. ISO 28278-2:2010 does not preclude the use of other sealant types, where these can demonstrate suitability for service according to ISO 28278-2:2010 and when they are used following the recommendations of the sealant manufacturer.

ISO 16940:2008 describes a method for the measurement of the loss factor and the equivalent bending rigidity modulus of laminated glass test pieces. The aim is to compare the properties of interlayers. These two parameters (and others such as density and thicknesses of glass components) can be related to the sound transmission loss (STL) of the glazing itself.

ISO 16933:2006 provides a structured procedure to determine the air-blast resistance of glazing and sets forth the required apparatus, procedures, specimens, other requirements and guidelines for conducting arena air-blast tests of security glazing. Seven standard blasts simulating vehicle bombs and seven standard blasts simulating smaller satchel bombs that can be used to classify glazing performance are incorporated in this International Standard and cover a broad range of blast parameters. Security glazing, including that fabricated from glass, plastic glazing sheet material, glass-clad plastics, laminated glass, insulated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials and film-backed glass, can be tested and classified in a standard frame or tested but not classified in frames provided with the glazing. Classification and ratings are assigned based on the performance of glazing loaded by air-blast pressures and impulses and are specific to the blast characteristics under which the test takes place. Glazing that has received an air-blast classification and rating is suitable for use in blast-resistant applications only for blasts of comparable characteristics and only if installed in a properly designed frame. Design based on knowledge of the air-blast resistance reduces the risk of personal injury.

ISO 16934:2007 specifies a shock tube test method and classification requirements for explosion-pressure-resistant glazing, including glazing fabricated from glass, plastic, glass-clad plastics, laminated glass, glass/plastic glazing materials, and film-backed glass. ISO 16934:2007 provides a structured procedure to determine the blast resistance and the hazard rating of glazing and glazing systems. ISO 16934:2007 sets out procedures to classify such security glazing sheet materials by means of tests on specimens of a standard size in a standard frame for the purpose of comparing their relative explosion resistance and hazard rating. The procedures and test method can also be used to test, but not classify, glazing systems where the sheet in-fill is incorporated into frames purposely designed as complete products of appropriate size for installation into buildings. ISO 16934:2007 applies a method of test and classifications against blast waves generated in a shock tube facility to simulate high-explosive detonations of approximately 30 kg to 2 500 kg TNT at distances from about 35 m to 50 m. The classifications approximately represent the reflected pressures and impulses that are experienced by these equivalent threat levels on the face of a large building facade positioned perpendicular to the path of the blast waves. Classification is defined in terms of both blast shock-wave characteristics, expressed in terms of peak reflected pressure, impulse, positive phase duration and wave-form parameter (decay coefficient), and rating criteria, expressed in terms of degrees of glazing damage and fragment impact hazard. Classifications and ratings are assigned based upon the performance of the glazing and are specific to the blast characteristics under which the test has taken place. Glazing that has received an air-blast classification and rating is suitable for use in blast-resistant applications only for blasts of comparable characteristics and only if installed in a properly designed frame. Design based on knowledge of the air blast resistance reduces the risk of personal injury.

ISO 16935:2006 sets forth test procedures to evaluate resistance of security glazing materials and products against ballistic impact with classification by weapon and ammunition. ISO 16935:2006 is applicable to attack by handguns, ammunition fired from machine pistols or submachine guns, rifles and shotguns, on products used for glazing in buildings, for both interior and exterior use. ISO 16935:2006 assumes the glazing is adequately fixed, but does not apply to the glazing system or the surrounding materials and structure.

ISO 16936-2:2005 specifies requirements and a mechanical test method for security glazing designed to resist actions of manual attack by delaying access of objects and/or persons to a protected space for a short period of time. ISO 16936-2:2005 classifies security glazing products into categories of resistance against repetitive impacts of a hammer and an axe. The categories of resistance have not been assigned to special applications. Glazing classification should be specified on an individual basis for every application. ISO 16936-2:2005 deals with mechanical resistance to manual attack only.

ISO 16936-3:2005 sets forth a physical test method for security glazing designed to resist actions of manual attack by delaying access of objects and/or persons to a protected space for a short period of time. Its application is limited to the evaluation and the classification of the resistance of forced entry security glazing against the following threats: blunt tool impacts; sharp tool impacts; thermal stress; chemical stress (optional). It is not applicable to the use of power (motor- or engine-driven) tools or devices, explosives, military ordinance and tools, and processes or devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.

ISO 16936-4:2005 specifies requirements and mechanical test methods for security glazing designed to resist actions of manual attack by delaying access of objects and/or persons to a protected space for a short period of time. It also classifies security-glazing products into categories of resistance against manual attack under thermally and fire stressed conditions.

ISO 9050:2003 specifies methods of determining light and energy transmittance of solar radiation for glazing in buildings. These characteristic data can serve as a basis for light, heating and ventilation calculations of rooms and can permit comparison between different types of glazing. ISO 9050:2003 is applicable both to conventional glazing units and to absorbing or reflecting solar-control glazing, used as glazed apertures. The appropriate formulae for single, double and triple glazing are given. Furthermore, the general calculation procedures for units consisting of more than components are established. ISO 9050:2003 is applicable to all transparent materials. One exception is the treatment of the secondary heat transfer factor and the total solar energy factor for those materials that show significant transmittance in the wavelength region of ambient temperature radiation (5 microns to 50 microns), such as certain plastic sheets.

ISO 22897:2003 assigns sound insulation values to all transparent, translucent and opaque glass products that are intended to be used in glazed assemblies in buildings, and which exhibit properties of acoustic protection, either as a prime intention or as a supplementary characteristic. It outlines the procedure by which glass products can be rated according to their acoustic performance, which enables assessment of compliance with the acoustic requirements of buildings. Rigorous technical analysis of measurement data remains an option, but ISO 22897:2003 is intended to enable the derivation of simpler indices of performance, which can be adopted with confidence by non-specialists. By adopting the principles of ISO 22897:2003, the formulation of acoustic requirements in building codes and of product specifications to satisfy particular needs for glazing is simplified. It is recognized that the acoustic test procedures of ISO 140-1 and ISO 140-3 relate fully only to glass panes and their combinations. Although the same principles should be followed as closely as possible, it is inevitable that some compromises are necessary, because of the bulkier construction of other glazing types. Guidelines on how to adapt these to include glass blocks, bricks, structural glazing, channel-shaped glass and pavers are given in Clause 4.

This European Standard specifies a calculation method to determine the energy balance value of glazing. This European Standard applies to transparent materials such as glass and combinations of glass used to glaze windows in buildings. This method is intended to evaluate the balance of heat loss and useful heat gain by solar radiation entering the building through the glazing for a given period by means of an average rate of loss (or gain) of heat called the energy balance value. The method enables producers to compare the performance of their glazing products. The energy balance value should not be used for energy use or heating capacity calculations in buildings.

Gives a measuring method used to determine the U value (thermal transmittance) of multiple glazing with flat and parallel surfaces. Structured surfaces may be considered to be flat.

Specifies a measuring method used to determine the coefficient of thermal transmittance, the U-value, of multiple glazing with flat and parallel surfaces, including cast and figured rolled glass. Applies to multiple glazing with outer panes which are not transparent to far-infrared radiation, which is the case for normal window glass. Internal elements may be far-infrared transparent.

Applies to glass, coated glass and materials opaque in the far infrared wavelengths. Gives the fundamental rules for calculating the thermal transmittance in the glazing central area (edge effects are not included). The rules are intended to enable the heat loss through glazing in a building to be estimated from the U values and, together with heat losses through the opaque elements of the building, are used to determine the capacity of the heating or cooling plant. In addition, U values for other purposes (e.g. condensation on glazing surfaces, seasonal heat loss through glazing) can be calculated using the same procedure.

ISO 16932:2016 determines resistance of security glazing products to natural threats characterized by simulated destructive-windstorm events. Classification is intended as a basis for judging the ability of glazing to remain essentially without openings during a tropical cyclone with wind speed of 50 m/s or greater. Impact by missile(s) and subsequent cyclic static-pressure differentials simulate conditions representative of windborne debris and pressures in a destructive windstorm. Glazing is tested in a standard frame. Classification is based on the potential hazard to human life using the appropriate wind speed, pressure and level of protection. The test method determines the performance of security glazing for use in fenestration assemblies under conditions representative of events that occur in severe, destructive-windstorm environments using simulated missile impact(s) followed by the application of cyclic static-pressure differentials. A missile-propulsion device, an air pressure system and a test chamber are used to model some conditions that can be representative of windborne debris and pressures in a windstorm environment. The performance determined by this test method relates to the ability of glazing in the building envelope to remain without openings during a windstorm.

ISO/TS 29584:2012 examines test methods currently employed to determine the pendulum impact performance of safety glass. Use of the methodologies in ISO/TS 29584:2012 improves the reproducibility of test results and gives a common basis of classification. The aim is for the performance of glass products manufactured and tested in various countries to be better understood and accepted. ISO/TS 29584:2012 evaluates, by means of soft body impactors, safe breakage characteristics of glazing products intended to reduce cutting and piercing injuries to persons through accidental impact. ISO/TS 29584:2012 defines two types of soft body impactor. The traditional shot bag impactor is detailed both in terms of manufacture and maintenance in an attempt to overcome problems associated with such impactors becoming misshapen. The twin tyre impactor is also detailed. ISO/TS 29584:2012 also describes the test equipment, excluding the impactor. A method of calibrating the test frame is given. The benefit of calibrating the test equipment is the increased reproducibility of the test results. ISO/TS 29584:2012 also details the classification of glass products. ISO/TS 29584:2012 does not specify the intended use of the products, but provides a method of classification in terms of the performance of the materials being tested. The impact energy used for the various levels of classification are designed to provide the intended user or the legislator with the information to assist in defining the level of safety and protection required relative to the intended location at which the selected safety glass is to be used.

ISO 16932:2007 determines resistance of security glazing products to natural threats characterized by simulated destructive-windstorm events. Classification is intended as basis for judging the ability of glazing to remain without openings during a severe tropical cyclone with sustained wind speed of 50 m/s or greater. Impact by missile(s) and subsequent cyclic static-pressure differentials simulate conditions representative of windborne debris and pressures in a destructive windstorm. Glazing is tested in a standard frame. Classification is selected for a geographical location using the appropriate wind speed, pressure and level of protection. The test method determines the performance of security glazing for use in fenestration assemblies under conditions representative of events that occur in severe, destructive-windstorm environments using simulated missile impact(s) followed by the application of cyclic static-pressure differentials. A missile propulsion device, an air pressure system and a test chamber are used to model some conditions that can be representative of windborne debris and pressures in a windstorm environment. The performance determined by this test method relates to the ability of glazing in the building envelope to remain without openings during a windstorm.

ISO 16936-1:2005 specifies requirements and a test method for security glazing designed to resist impacts of a hard body by delaying access of objects and/or persons to a protected space for a short period of time. ISO 16936-1:2005 classifies security-glazing products into categories of resistance to repetitive impacts of a steel sphere. The categories of resistance have not been assigned to special applications. Glazing classification should be specified on an individual basis for every application. ISO 16936-1:2005 deals with mechanical resistance to impact only.

ISO/PAS 16940:2004 describes a method for the measurement of the loss factor and the equivalent bending rigidity modulus of laminated glass test pieces. The aim is to compare the properties of interlayers. These two parameters (and others such as density and thicknesses of glass components) can be related to the sound transmission loss (STL) of the glazing itself.

Specifies the classification and marking of glass products, which will be described in future International Standards on basic or processed glass products, in assemblies for use in building and intended to provide some degree of fire-resistance, classes RE and REI.

Specifies Methods of determining light and energy transmission of solar radiation for glazing units in buildings. These characteristics can serve as a basis for light, heating and ventilation calculations of rooms. Applies both to conventional glazing units and to absorbing or reflecting solar-control glazing units. The appropriate formulae for single, double and triple glazing units are given. Applies to all transparent materials except those which show significant transmission in the wavelength region of ambient temperature radiation, such as certain plastic sheets.