ISO 4931-1

Buildings and civil engineering works — Principles, framework and guidance for resilience design — Part 1: Adaptation to climate change

This document addresses adaptation to climate change in the design of buildings and civil engineering works. The document provides a framework, principles, and specific guidance for resilience design adaptive to climate change (RDACC) in buildings and civil engineering works. This type of design method will be applicable not only to new construction, but also to the renewal, retrofit, and replacement of buildings or civil engineering works. This document does not address: — adaptation to climate change in the production and procurement of building materials, components and devices; — adaptation to climate change in construction processes; — climate change mitigation in buildings and civil engineering works; — emergency management in buildings and civil engineering works.

Bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil — Principes, cadre et recommandations pour la conception de la résilience — Partie 1: Adaptation au changement climatique

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 91.040.01 - Buildings in general
• ICS: 93.010 - Civil engineering in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 59 - Buildings and civil engineering works
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 59/WG 4 - Resilience of buildings and civil engineering works
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Completion Date: 23-Aug-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 4931-1
ISO/TC 59
Buildings and civil engineering
Secretariat: SN
works — Principles, framework and
Voting begins on:
guidance for resilience design —
2024-06-27
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
2024-08-22
Adaptation to climate change
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 4931-1:2024(en) © ISO 2024

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 4931-1:2024(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 4931-1
ISO/TC 59
Buildings and civil engineering
Secretariat: SN
works — Principles, framework and
Voting begins on:
guidance for resilience design —
Part 1:
Voting terminates on:
Adaptation to climate change
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 4931-1:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ii
ISO/FDIS 4931-1:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles . 4
4.1 Change-oriented perspective .4
4.2 Preparing for uncertainty with certainty .4
4.3 Synergy between adaptation to and mitigation of climate change .4
4.4 Synergy with community and urban resilience .4
4.5 Equity .4
4.6 Sustainability .4
5 Framework . 5
6 Identifying changes in climatic impact-drivers . 5
6.1 General .5
6.2 Climatic impact-driver .6
6.3 Projected climatic design parameter .6
7 Identifying resilience limits and decision making on strategies . 7
7.1 General .7
7.2 Identifying gap between existing and required resilience .7
7.3 Designing adaptation strategies .9
7.4 Identifying resilience limit .9
7.5 Decision making on strategies .10
8 Monitoring and optimization .10
9 Decommissioning . 10
Annex A (informative) Global Building Resilience Guidelines .12
Annex B (informative) GWLs that assets with different service lives may experience .16
Annex C (informative) Examples of PCDPs of some typical CIDs for building design . 17
Annex D (informative) Thames Estuary 2100 Plan . 19
Annex E (informative) Typical types of adaptation strategies .22
Annex F (informative) Resilience design of Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital .23
Annex G (informative) Design of Qinghai-Tibet Railway embankment adapting to permafrost
thawing .24
Annex H (informative) Decommissioning .25
Bibliography .26

iii
ISO/FDIS 4931-1:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/FDIS 4931-1:2024(en)
Introduction
Adaptation to climate change has become an urgent need globally. According to the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP)'s Adaptation Gap Report 2022, "the world must urgently increase efforts
to adapt to the impacts of climate change that are already here and to those that are to come".
In the context of global climate change, buildings and civil engineering works with service lives of decades
or even centuries will face new climate challenges. These challenges include the increase of frequency and
intensity in extreme weather events such as heatwaves, wildfires and floods, as well as chronic changes such
as sea level rise. This can result in increase of vulnerability in built assets designed based on the climate
of the past decades, risking human health and well-being, and causing economic loss and social impacts.
Therefore, adaptation to climate change in buildings and civil engineering works should be considered in a
timely manner.
This document provides a design approach called the resilience design adaptive to climate change (RDACC),
which offers specific guidance on how to produce buildings and civil engineering works with climate change
resilience. It is a method for adaptation to climate change at the engineering level.
The typical actions of RDACC include:
— identifying changes in climatic impact-drivers;
— identifying resilience limits and decision making on strategies;
— monitoring and optimization;
— decommissioning.
This document is useful to stakeholders including asset owners and users, investors, authorities, standards
developers, meteorologists, engineers, architects, manufacturers, builders, and other parties involved in
the RDACC.
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 4931-1:2024(en)
Buildings and civil engineering works — Principles,
framework and guidance for resilience design —
Part 1:
Adaptation to climate change
1 Scope
The document provides principles, framework, and guidance for resilience design adaptive to climate
change (RDACC) in buildings and civil engineering works. RDACC is applicable to both new construction and
retrofits.
RDACC does not address:
— adaptation to climate change in the production and procurement of building materials, components and
devices;
— adaptation to climate change in construction processes;
— climate change mitigation in buildings and civil engineering works;
— emergency management related to climate change in buildings and civil engineering works.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
adaptation to climate change
climate ch
...

ISO/DISFDIS 4931-1:2023(E)
ISO/TC 59
Date: 2024-02-05
Secretariat: SN
Date: 2024-06-13
Buildings and civil engineering works — — Principles, framework
and guidance for resilience design — —
Part 1:
Adaptation to climate change
FDIS stage
ISO/DISFDIS 4931-1:2023(E2024(en)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: [phone]
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 4931-1:2023(E2024(en)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles . 4
4.1 Change-oriented perspective . 4
4.2 Preparing for uncertainty with certainty . 4
4.3 Synergy between adaptation to and mitigation of climate change . 4
4.4 Synergy with community and urban resilience . 5
4.5 Equity . 5
4.6 Sustainability . 5
5 Framework . 5
6 Identifying changes in climatic impact-drivers . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Climatic impact-driver . 6
6.3 Projected climatic design parameter . 7
7 Identifying resilience limits and decision making on strategies . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Identifying gap between existing and required resilience . 8
7.3 Designing adaptation strategies . 11
7.4 Identifying resilience limit . 12
7.5 Decision making on strategies . 13
8 Monitoring and optimization . 13
9 Decommissioning. 13
Annex A (informative) Global Building Resilience Guidelines . 15
Annex B (informative) GWLs that assets with different service lives may experience . 20
Annex C (informative) Examples of PCDPs of some typical CIDs for building design . 21
Annex D (informative) Thames Estuary 2100 Plan . 23
Annex E (informative) Typical types of adaptation strategies . 27
Annex F (informative) Resilience design of Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital . 29
Annex G (informative) Design of Qinghai-Tibet Railway embankment adapting to permafrost
thawing . 30
Annex H (informative) Decommissioning . 31
Bibliography . 32

iii
ISO/DISFDIS 4931-1:2023(E2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 4931-1:2023(E2024(en)
Introduction
Adaptation to climate change has become an urgent need globally. According to the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP)'s Adaptation Gap Report 2022, "the world must urgently increase efforts to
adapt to the impacts of climate change that are already here and to those that are to come".
In the context of global climate change, buildings and civil engineering works with service lives of decades or
even centuries will face new climate challenges. These challenges include the increase of frequency and
intensity in extreme weather events such as heatwaves, wildfires and floods, as well as chronic changes such
as sea level rise. This can result in increase of vulnerability in built assets designed based on the climate of the
past decades, risking human health and well-being, and causing economic loss and social impacts. Therefore,
adaptation to climate change in buildings and civil engineering works should be considered in a timely
manner.
This document provides a design approach called the resilience design adaptive to climate change (RDACC),
which offers specific guidance on how to produce buildings and civil engineering works with climate change
resilience. It is a method for adaptation to climate change at the engineering level.
The typical actions of RDACC include:
— — identifying changes in climatic impact-drivers;
— — identifying resilience limits and decision making on strategies;
— — monitoring and optimization;
— — decommissioning.
This document is useful to stakeholders including asset owners and users, investors, authorities, standards
developers, meteorologists, engineers, architects, manufacturers, builders, and other parties involved in the
RDACC.
v
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 4931-1:2023(E)

Buildings and civil engineering works — — Principles, framework and
guidance for resilience design — —
Part 1:
Adaptation to climate change
1 Scope
The document provides principles, framework, and guidance for resilience design adaptive to climate change
(RDACC) in buildings and civil engineering works. RDACC is applicable to both new construction and retrofits.
RDACC does not address:
— — adaptation to climate change in the production and procurement of building materials, components
and devices;
— — adaptation to climate change in construction processes;
— — climate change mitigation in buildings and civil engineering works;
— — emergency management related to climate change in buildings and civil engineering works.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
adaptation to climate change
climate change adaptation
process of adjustment to actual or expected climate (3.3(3.3)) and its effects
Note 1 to entry: In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.
Note 2 to entry: In some natural systems, human intervention can facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects.
[SOURCE: ISO 14090:2019, 3.1]
ISO/DISFDIS 4931-1:2023(E2024(en)
3.2
asset
whole building or structure or unit of construction works, or a system or a component or part thereof
[SOURCE: ISO 15686-5:2017, 3.4.1]
3.3
climate
statistical description of the weather in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period
of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years
[SOURCE: ISO 14050:2020, 3.8.1]
3.4
climate change
change in climate (3.3(3.3)) that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer
[SOURCE: ISO 14050:2020, 3.8.3]
3.5
climate change mitigation
human intervention to reduce greenhouse gas emissions or enhance greenhouse gas removals
[SOURCE: ISO 14050:2020, 3.8.6]
3.6
climate projection
simulated response of the climate (3.3(3.3)) system to a scenario of future emissions or concentrations of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) and aerosols and changes in land use, generally derived using climate models
[SOURCE: IPCC, 2022]
3.7
climatic impact-driver
CID
physical climate (3.3(3.3)) system condition (e.g. means, events, extremes) that affects an element of society
or ecosystems
[Adapted fromSOURCE: IPCC, 2022, modified]
3.8
constraint
factor that makes it harder to plan and implement adaptation actions
[Adapted fromSOURCE: IPCC, 2014, modified]
3.9
existing resilience
resilience (3.17(3.17)) that an asset (3.2(3.2)) currently designed can achieve in face of the CID (3.7(3.7))
changing to a certain magnitude
2 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ISO/DISFDIS 4931-1:2023(E2024(en)
3.10
global climate model
GCM
complex mathematical representation of the major climate (3.3(3.3)) system components (atmosphere, land
surface, ocean, and sea ice) and their interactions
[SOURCE: GFDL]
3.11
global warming level
global climate-change emissions relative to pre-industrial levels, expressed as global surface air temperature
[SOURCE: IPCC, 2022]
3.12
impact
result of a change or existing condition that may be adverse, neutral or beneficial
[SOURCE: ISO 15392:2019, 3.17]
3.13
maladaptation
actions that may lead to increased risk of adverse climate-related outcomes, including via increased
...