ISO 14404-2:2013
(Main)Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production — Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
Calculation method of carbon dioxide emission intensity from iron and steel production — Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
ISO 14404-2:2013 specifies calculation methods which companies using EAF to manufacture steel can use to evaluate the total annual carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the emission factor of CO2 per unit of steel production of the entire steel production process. ISO 14404-2:2013 is applied to the plants that produce mainly carbon steel. It includes boundary definition, material and energy flow definition, and emission factor of CO2. Besides direct source import to the boundary, upstream and credit concept is applied to exhibit the plant CO2 intensity. ISO 14404-2:2013 supports the steel producer to establish CO2 emissions attributable to a site. ISO 14404-2:2013 cannot be used to calculate benchmarks or to compare CO2 intensities of production processes that are operated inside the site.
Méthode de calcul de l'intensité de l'émission de dioxyde de carbone de la production de la fonte et de l'acier — Partie 2: Usine sidérurgique équipée d'un four électrique à arc (FEA)
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14404-2
First edition
2013-03-15
Calculation method of carbon dioxide
emission intensity from iron and
steel production —
Part 2:
Steel plant with electric arc furnace
(EAF)
Méthode de calcul de l’intensité de l’émission de dioxyde de carbone
de la production de la fonte et de l’acier —
Partie 2: Usine sidérurgique avec four à arc électrique
Reference number
©
ISO 2013
© ISO 2013
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ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
2.1 Emissions . 1
2.2 Gas fuel . 2
2.3 Liquid fuel . 2
2.4 Solid fuel . 2
2.5 Auxiliary material . 3
2.6 Energy carriers . 3
2.7 Ferrous containing materials . 4
2.8 Alloys . 4
2.9 Product and by-product . 4
2.10 Others . 4
3 Symbols . 5
4 Principles . 6
4.1 General . 6
4.2 Relevance . 6
4.3 Completeness . 6
4.4 Consistency . 6
4.5 Accuracy . 6
4.6 Transparency . 6
5 Definition of boundary . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Category 1 . 7
5.3 Category 2 . 7
5.4 Category 3 . 8
5.5 Category 4 . 8
6 Calculation . 8
6.1 General . 8
6.2 Calculation procedure . 8
Annex A (informative) Calculation of energy consumption and intensity .13
Annex B (informative) An example of template for using different emission factors or emission
sources from Table 4 .14
Annex C (informative) An example of CO emission and intensity calculations for steel plant .16
Bibliography .19
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14404-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel.
ISO 14404 consists of the following parts, under the general title of Calculation method of carbon dioxide
emission intensity from iron and steel production:
Part 1: Steel plant with blast furnace
Part 2: Steel plant with electric arc furnace (EAF)
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The steel industry recognizes the urgent need to take actions concerning climate change. Slowing
and halting global warming requires reductions in GHG emissions on a global scale. To play a part in
achieving these reductions, it is necessary for steel plants to identify the amount of CO emitted during
the production of steel products, in order to identify next opportunities for reduction of CO .
The production process of steel involves complex chemical reactions, various heating cycles, and the
recycling of various by-products. This variety of imports, including raw materials, reactive agents,
fuel and heat sources are transformed into wide range of steel products, by-products, waste materials
and waste heat.
Steel plants manufacture various products including: sheet products, plate products, long products,
pipe and tubes and many other types of products. In addition, steel plants produce unique speciality
grade steel products with high-performance, which are achieved by various sub-processes including
micro-alloying and applying surface treatments like galvanizing and coating that require additional
heat treatments. Therefore, none of the steel plants in the world is exactly identical.
Climate regulations in each country require steel companies to devise methods to lower CO emissions
from steel plants while continuing to produce steel products by these diverse and complex steelmaking
processes. To accomplish this, it is desirable to have universally common indicators for determining
steel plant CO emissions.
There are many methods for calculating CO emission intensity for steel plants and specific processes.
Each method was created to match the objectives of a particular country or region. In some cases, a
single country can have several calculation methods in order to fulfill different objectives. Every one
of these methods reflects the unique local characteristics of a particular country or region. As a result,
these methods cannot be used for comparisons of CO emission intensity of steel plants in different
countries and regions.
The World Steel Association (worldsteel), which consists of more than 130 major steel companies in 55
countries and regions of the world, has been working on the development of a calculation method for CO
emission intensity of steel plants to facilitate steel plant CO emissions improvement by the objective
comparison of the intensity among the member companies’ steel plants located in various places in the
world. An agreement was reached among members, and worldsteel has issued the method as a guideline
called “CO Emissions Data Collection User Guide.” Actual data collection among worldsteel members
based upon the guide started in 2007. Furthermore, worldsteel is encouraging even non-member steel
companies to begin using the guide to calculate CO emission intensity of their steel plants.
This calculation method establishes clear boundaries for collection of CO emissions data. The net CO
2 2
emissions and production from a steel plant are calculated using all parameters within the boundaries.
The CO emission intensity of the steel plant is calculated by the net CO emission from the plant using
2 2
the boundaries divided by the amount of crude steel production of the plant. With this methodology, the
CO emission intensity of steel plants is calculated irrespective of the variance in the type of process
used, products manufactured and geographic characteristics.
This calculation method only uses basic imports and exports that are commonly measured and recorded
by the plants; thus, the method requires neither the measurement of the specific efficiency of individual
equipments or processes nor dedicated measurements of the complex flow and recycling of materials
and waste heat. In this way, the calculation method ensures its simplicity and universal applicability
without requiring steel plants to install additional dedicated measuring devices or to collect additional
dedicated data other than commonly used data in the management of plants. However, because different
regions have different energy sources and raw materials available to them, the resulting calculations
cannot be used to determine a benchmark or best in class across regions.
With this method, a steel company can calculate a single figure for the CO emissions intensity of a plant
as a whole. As was explained earlier, most steel plants manufacture va
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