ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005

Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods — Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz

ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005 defines test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency identification devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in ISO/IEC 18000-7, but does not apply to the testing of conformity with regulatory or similar requirements. The test methods require only that the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are implemented, be verified. This may, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case. The interrogator and tag conformance parameters in ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005 are the following: mode-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances; parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability. The following are not included in ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005: parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements; high-level data encoding conformance test parameters (these are specified in ISO/IEC 15962). Unless otherwise specified, the tests in ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005 apply exclusively to RFID tags and interrogator defined in ISO/IEC 18000-7.

Technologies de l'information — Méthodes d'essai de conformité du dispositif d'identification de radiofréquence — Partie 7: Méthodes d'essai pour des communications actives d'une interface d'air à 433 MHz

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 26-Oct-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 26-Oct-2005
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 22-Jun-2010

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2010 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods — Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
18047-7
First edition
2005-10-15


Information technology — Radio
frequency identification device
conformance test methods —
Part 7:
Test methods for active air interface
communications at 433 MHz
Technologies de l'information — Méthodes d'essai de conformité du
dispositif d'identification de radiofréquence —
Partie 7: Méthodes d'essai pour des communications actives d'une
interface d'air à 433 MHz




Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2005

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions. 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms. 2
4 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-7 — 433 MHz. 2
4.1 General. 2
4.2 Default items applicable to the test methods . 2
4.2.1 Test environment. 2
4.2.2 Pre-conditioning . 2
4.2.3 Default tolerance. 2
4.2.4 Total measurement uncertainty . 2
4.3 Test set-up and measurement equipment . 2
4.3.1 General. 2
4.3.2 Test set-up for interrogator testing. 3
4.3.3 Test set-up for tag testing. 4
4.3.4 Test equipment. 4
4.4 Functional test – interrogator. 5
4.4.1 Operating frequency accuracy. 5
4.4.2 FSK modulation . 5
4.4.3 Wakeup signal. 6
4.4.4 Message preamble format and timing . 7
4.4.5 Data coding and reference timing. 8
4.4.6 Receiver bandwidth. 9
4.5 Functional test - tag. 9
4.5.1 Operating frequency accuracy. 9
4.5.2 FSK modulation . 10
4.5.3 Message preamble format and timing . 10
4.5.4 Data coding and reference timing. 12
4.5.5 Wakeup signal response. 12
Bibliography . 14

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, the joint technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report
of one of the following types:
— type 1, when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an International Standard,
despite repeated efforts;
— type 2, when the subject is still under technical development or where for any other reason there is the
future but not immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard;
— type 3, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is
normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example).
Technical Reports of types 1 and 2 are subject to review within three years of publication, to decide whether
they can be transformed into International Standards. Technical Reports of type 3 do not necessarily have to
be reviewed until the data they provide are considered to be no longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7, which is a Technical Report of type 2, was prepared by Joint Technical Committee
ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture
techniques.
ISO/IEC TR 18047 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification device conformance test methods:
— Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
— Part 4: Test methods for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
— Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
Test methods for air interface communications below 135 kHz and at 860 MHz to 960 MHz will form the
subjects of the future Parts 2 and 6, respectively.

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 18000-7 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in the
433,92 MHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band used in item management applications. The
purpose of this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 is to provide a test method for ISO/IEC 18000-7.
This part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 contains all compliance measurements required to be fulfilled by a product in
order to be compliant to ISO/IEC 18000-7.

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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification device
conformance test methods —
Part 7:
Test methods for active air interface communications at
433 MHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 defines test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency
identification devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in
ISO/IEC 18000-7, but does not apply to the testing of conformity with regulatory or similar requirements.
The test methods require only that the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are
implemented, be verified. This may, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-
specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case.
The interrogator and tag conformance parameters in this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 are the following:
• mode-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances;
• parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability.
The following are not included in this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047:
• parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements;
• high-level data encoding conformance test parameters (these are specified in ISO/IEC 15962).
Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 apply exclusively to RFID tags and
interrogator defined in ISO/IEC 18000-7.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 18000-7:2004, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management —
Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC)
techniques — Harmonized vocabulary
ISBN 92-67-10188-9, 1993, ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 apply.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
RSSI receiver signal strength indicator
4 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-7 — 433 MHz
4.1 General
This part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 specifies a series of tests to determine the conformance of interrogators and
tags. The results of these tests shall be compared with the parameters specified in ISO/IEC 18000-7 to
determine whether the interrogator or tag under test conforms.
4.2 Default items applicable to the test methods
4.2.1 Test environment
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in an environment of temperature 23 °C ± 3 °C
(73 °F ± 5 °F) and relative humidity of 40 % to 60 %.
4.2.2 Pre-conditioning
Where pre-conditioning is required by the test method, the tags and interrogators to be tested shall be
conditioned to the test environment for an appropriate period of time before testing.
4.2.3 Default tolerance
Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of ± 5 % shall be applied to the quantity values given to specify
the characteristics of the test equipment (e.g. linear dimensions) and the test method procedures (e.g. test
equipment adjustments).
4.2.4 Total measurement uncertainty
The total measurement uncertainty for each quantity determined by these test methods shall be stated in the
test report.
Basic information is given in “ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement”, ISBN 92-67-
10188-9, 1993.
4.3 Test set-up and measurement equipment
4.3.1 General
The long-range, high data-rate RFID system specified in ISO/IEC 18000-7 is designed for long-range
operation. Therefore a good receiver characteristic on both side’s interrogator and tag (if applicable) is useful.
The range of an RFID system also depends on the output power of the interrogator, which is set according to
regulatory limits and application needs.
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
Subclause 4.3 defines the test set-up and measurement equipment for verifying the operation of a tag or an
interrogator according to ISO/IEC 18000-7.
Test results shall not be influenced by the set-up method of the test.
Test set-ups include:
• test set-up for interrogator testing (see 4.3.2),
• test set-up for tag testing (see 4.3.3),
• test equipment (see 4.3.4).
4.3.2 Test set-up for interrogator testing
An interrogator with integral antenna(s) shall be equipped with temporary antenna connector(s), or coupling
device(s) [i.e. sense antenna(s)] shall be used to connect to the test equipment.
A sense antenna shall not affect test results; appropriate distances (e.g. 3 m), antenna sizes and types (e.g.
dipole antenna), as well as antenna polarization (i.e. circular polarization) shall be used. The antenna
configuration and distance shall be included in the test report.
A control computer with appropriate software and user documentation provided by the vendor provides the
control of all tests. All interrogator commands defined for this conformance testing are defined in
ISO/IEC 18000-7 Command codes.
To set-up an interrogator with the appropriate test pattern and operational modes, one of the two methods
shall be used (combinations shall also be possible):
• an implemented test mode,
• a tag for initialising the appropriate operational mode.
The air interface parameter in a test mode shall behave the same as the air interface parameter during normal
usage.
Unless otherwise stated, the following frequency shall be used for all tests.
The frequency of the reference carrier shall be set to 433,92 MHz.
The implementation of the test mode shall be in accordance with the specified air interface parameters and
timing in ISO/IEC 18000-7. Unless otherwise stated, the following parameters are valid for all measurements.
The frequency of the interrogator transmitter shall be within the tolerance specified in ISO/IEC 18000-7. The
output power shall be set to the maximum allowed by local regulatory rules taking into consideration the
antenna gain. A control computer is required to set up and trigger all interrogator activity, as shown in Figure 1.
The RF test equipment in Figure 1 includes RF receiver (i.e. sense antenna with/without FM demodulator),
spectrum analyser and logic analyser.

Control Interrogator RF test
computer equipment

Figure 1 — Interrogator test system
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-7:2005(E)
4.3.3 Test set-up for tag testing
The conformance tests are designed to verify compliance with the basic radio-frequency parameters of the
interrogator and tag.
A tag with integral antenna(s) shall be equipped with temporary antenna connector(s), or suitable coupling
device(s) [i.e. antenna(s)] shall be used to connect to the test equipment.
A sense antenna shall not affect test results; appropriate distances (e.g. 3 m), antenna sizes and types (e.g.
dipole antenna), as well as antenna polarization (i.e. circular polarization) shall be used. The antenna
configuration and distance shall be included in the test report.
To set-up a tag with the test pattern and operational modes, one of the two methods shall be used
(combinations shall also be possible):
• an implemented test mode,
• an interrogator for initialising the appropriate operational mode.
If no test mode is implemented in the tag, the conformance tests shall be performed during this operational
period. For R/W-tags without a test mode, an interrogator for initialising the appropriate operational mode shall
be used. Because the system is an Interrogator talks first active RFID system, the tag only transmits in
response to Interrogator commands. The implementation of a test mode shall be in accordance with the
specified air interface parameters and timings in ISO/IEC 18000-7. The air interface parameter in the test
mode shall behave the same as the air interface parameter during normal usage.
A control computer and interrogator is required to set up and trigger all tag activity, as shown in Figure 2.
The RF test equipment in Figure 2 includes RF receiver (i.e. sense antenna with/without FM demodulator),
spectrum analyser and logic analyser.


Control Interroga
...