ISO 22899-1:2021
(Main)Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection materials — Part 1: General requirements
Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection materials — Part 1: General requirements
This document describes a method of determining the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection materials and systems. It gives an indication of how passive fire protection materials behave in a jet fire and provides performance data under the specified conditions. It does not include an assessment of other properties of the passive fire protection material such as weathering, ageing, shock resistance, impact or explosion resistance, or smoke production. Complete I-beams and columns cannot be tested to this document due to disruption of the characteristics of the jet.
Détermination de la résistance aux feux propulsés des matériaux de protection passive contre l'incendie — Partie 1: Exigences générales
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22899-1
Second edition
2021-06
Determination of the resistance to
jet fires of passive fire protection
materials —
Part 1:
General requirements
Détermination de la résistance aux feux propulsés des matériaux de
protection passive contre l'incendie —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
Reference number
ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Test configurations . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Internal configuration . 4
5.3 External configuration . 5
6 Construction of the test items and substrates . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Material . 5
6.3 Nozzle. 5
6.4 Flame re-circulation chamber. 6
6.5 Protective chamber . 7
6.6 Panel test specimens (internal configuration) . 9
6.7 Structural steelwork test specimens (internal configuration) .10
6.8 Tubular section test specimens (external configuration) .13
7 Passive fire protection systems .14
7.1 General .14
7.2 Panel test specimens .14
7.3 Structural steelwork test specimens .15
7.4 Tubular section test specimens .15
7.5 Assembly specimens .16
7.5.1 General.16
7.5.2 Requirements for assemblies mounted on panels . .16
7.5.3 Cable transit systems .17
7.6 Pipe penetration systems .18
8 Instrumentation .21
8.1 General .21
8.2 Panel test specimens .21
8.3 Structural steelwork test specimens .22
8.4 Tubular section test specimens .23
8.5 Assembly specimens .24
8.5.1 General.24
8.5.2 Panel mounted cable transit systems .24
8.5.3 Tubular section mounted assemblies .25
8.6 Recommended instrumentation of pipe penetration seals .26
9 Test apparatus and conditions .27
9.1 Nozzle geometry and position .27
9.1.1 General.27
9.1.2 Nozzle position for panel (including panel assemblies) and steelwork tests .27
9.1.3 Nozzle position for tubular section (including assemblies) tests .28
9.2 Fuel .29
9.3 Test environment .29
10 Test procedure .29
11 Repeatability and reproducibility .33
12 Uncertainty of measurement .33
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
13 Test report .33
14 Practical application of test results .35
14.1 General .35
14.2 Performance criteria .35
14.2.1 General.35
14.2.2 Coatings and spray-applied materials .35
14.2.3 Systems and assemblies .36
14.3 Factors affecting the validity of the test .36
14.3.1 General.36
14.3.2 Interruption of the jet fire .36
14.3.3 Failure of thermocouples . .36
14.3.4 Failure of the re-circulation chamber connection .37
Annex A (normative) Methods of fixing thermocouples .38
Annex B (informative) Example test report .40
Bibliography .43
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92 Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22899-1:2007), which has been
technically revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Corrections to figures;
— Revision of the method of test for penetration seals.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22899 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
Introduction
The test procedure described in this document enables the determination of properties of passive
fire protection materials. This test is designed to give an indication of how passive fire protection
materials are likely to perform in a jet fire. The dimensions of the test specimen can be smaller than
typical structure or plant items and the release of gas can be substantially less than that which can
occur in a credible event. However, individual thermal and mechanical loads imparted to the passive
fire protection material from the jet fire defined in this document have been shown to be similar to
those imparted from large-scale jet fires resulting from high-pressure releases of natural gas.
NOTE Guidance on the applicability of the test is intended to be covered in a future part of the ISO 22899
series.
Although the method specified in this document has been designed to simulate certain conditions
that occur in an actual jet fire, it cannot reproduce them all exactly and the thermal and mechanical
loads do not necessarily coincide. The results of this test do not guarantee safety but may be used as
elements of a fire risk assessment for structures or plants. This should also take into account all the
other factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard for a particular end use. The test is
[3]
not intended to replace the hydrocarbon fire resistance test (ISO/TR 834-3/EN 1363-2 ) but is seen as
a complementary test.
Users of this document are advised to consider the desirability of third-party certification/inspection/
testing of product conformity with this document.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire
protection materials —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This document describes a method of determining the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection
materials and systems. It gives an indication of how passive fire protection materials behave in a jet fire
and provides performance data under the specified conditions.
It does not include an assessment of other properties of the passive fire protection material such as
weathering, ageing, shock resistance, impact or explosion resistance, or smoke production.
Complete I-beams and columns cannot be tested to this document due to disruption of the characteristics
of the jet.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834-1:1999, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 13702, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on
offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
assembly
unit or structure composed of a combination of materials or products, or both
3.2
critical temperature
maximum temperature that the equipment, assembly (3.1) or structure to be protected may be allowed
to reach
3.3
Delta Tmax
maximum temperature rise (3.18) recorded by any of the installed thermocouples
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
3.4
fire barrier
separating element that resists the passage of flame and/or heat and/or effluents for a period of time
under specified conditions
3.5
fire resistance
ability of an item to fulfil, for a stated period of time, the required stability and/or integrity (3.8) and/
or thermal insulation and/or other expected duty, reaching the critical temperature (3.2) specified in a
standard fire-resistance test
3.6
fire test
procedure designed to measure or assess the performance of a material, product, structure or system
to one or more aspects of fire
3.7
flame re-circulation chamber
mild steel box, open at the front, into which the jet fire (3.10) is directed giving a re-circulating flame
resulting in a fireball
Note 1 to entry: Materials other than mild steel may be used when appropriate.
3.8
integrity
ability of a separating element, when exposed to fire on one side, to prevent the passage of flames and
hot gases or occurrence of flames on the unexposed side, for a stated period of time in a standard fire
resistance (3.5) test
3.9
intermediate-scale test
test performed on an item of medium dimensions
Note 1 to entry: A test performed on an item of which the maximum dimension is between 1 m and 3 m is usually
called an intermediate-scale test. This document describes an intermediate-scale jet fire test (3.6).
3.10
jet fire
ignited discharge of propane vapour under pressure
3.11
jet nozzle
orifice from which the flammable material issues
3.12
outside specimen diameter
specimen diameter measured to the outer surface of the passive fire protection (3.13) system on a
tubular specimen
3.13
passive fire protection
coating or cladding arrangement or free-standing system that, in the event of fire, provides thermal
protection to restrict the rate at which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected
Note 1 to entry: The term "passive" is used to distinguish the systems tested, including those systems that react
chemically, e.g. intumescents, from active systems such as water deluge.
3.14
passive fire protection material
coating or cladding that, in the event of a fire, provides thermal protection to restrict the rate at which
heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
3.15
passive fire protection system
removable jacket or inspection panel, cable transit system, pipe penetration seal (3.16) or other such
system that, in the event of a fire, provides thermal protection to restrict the rate at which heat is
transmitted to the object or area being protected
3.16
penetration seal
system used to maintain the fire resistance (3.5) of a separating element at the position where there is
provision for services to pass through the separating element
3.17
protective chamber
mild steel box, open at the front and back, which is designed to be attached to the rear of the flame
re-circulation chamber (3.7) to shield the rear of the flame re-circulation chamber from environmental
influences
Note 1 to entry: A protective chamber is not required for tubular section tests but may be used to provide
additional stability to the flame re-circulation chamber.
3.18
temperature rise
increase in measured temperature above the initial temperature at a given location
4 Principle
The method presented in this document provides an indication of how passive fire protection materials
perform in a jet fire that can occur, for example, in petrochemical installations. It aims at simulating
[4]
the thermal and mechanical loads imparted to passive fire protection material by large-scale jet fires
resulting from high-pressure releases of flammable gas, pressure liquefied gas or flashing liquid fuels.
Jet fires give rise to high convective and radiative heat fluxes as well as high erosive forces. To generate
−1
both types of heat flux in sufficient quantity, a 0,3 kg s sonic release of gas is aimed into a shallow
chamber, producing a fireball with an extended tail. The flame thickness is thereby increased and hence
so is the heat radiated to the test specimen. Propane is used as the fuel since it has a greater propensity
to form soot than does natural gas and can therefore produce a flame of higher luminosity. High erosive
forces are generated by the release of the sonic velocity gas jet 1 m from specimen surface.
5 Test configurations
5.1 General
There are two basic configurations under which the test can be operated:
a) an internal configuration where one or more of the inner faces of the flame re-circulation chamber
incorporates the test construction;
b) an external configuration where the test construction is installed on supports in front of the flame
re-circulation chamber.
These two alternative configurations are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 protective chamber
2 jet nozzle
3 supports
a
Flame re-circulation chamber either with coated inner surfaces or with the rear face replaced by a panel to form
the test construction.
Figure 1 — Layout for internal configuration
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 flame re-circulation chamber
2 flame re-circulation chamber support
3 test construction
4 test construction support
5 jet nozzle
Figure 2 — Layout for external configuration
5.2 Internal configuration
The internal test configuration is used for determining the jet fire resistance of:
a) protection systems for plane surfaces;
b) protection systems for edge features;
c) fire barriers;
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
d) penetration systems used in conjunction with fire barriers.
5.3 External configuration
The external test configuration is used for determining the jet fire resistance of protected hollow
sections or assemblies mounted on hollow sections.
6 Construction of the test items and substrates
6.1 General
The key items required for the test are the jet release nozzle, the flame re-circulation chamber and a
protective chamber. These items are all required for the internal configurations of the test and the test
specimen forms all or part of the flame re-circulation chamber. In the external configurations of the
test, the flame re-circulation chamber is only used to help produce the fireball and it is not necessary to
use the protective chamber.
6.2 Material
The material normally used is 10 mm thick steel plate conforming to ISO 630-1:2011, Grade Fe 430. All-
welded construction shall be used and all welds shall be 5 mm fillet and continuous unless otherwise
stated. The use of substrates manufactured from other materials or thicknesses other than 10 mm shall
be documented in the report.
All dimensions are in millimetres and, unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances shall be used:
— whole number ±1,0 mm
— decimal to point ,0 ±0,4 mm
— decimal to point ,00 ±0,2 mm
— angles ±0’ 30”
— radii ±0,4 mm
6.3 Nozzle
The fuel is released towards the specimen from a nozzle. The tapered, converging nozzle shall be of
length 200 ± 1 mm, inlet diameter 52 ± 0,5 mm and outlet diameter 17,8 ± 0,2 mm. Figure 3 shows
the details of construction. The nozzle shall be constructed of heat resistant stainless steel. Provisions
shall be made for fitting a sighting device.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 3 — Nozzle
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
6.4 Flame re-circulation chamber
The side, top and bottom walls of the flame re-circulation chamber shall be constructed from mild
steel of 10 mm thickness. The rear wall of the chamber shall either be constructed of 10 mm thick steel
welded to the sides of the chamber or of a panel bolted on to form the rear wall. If the substrate material
is not steel or the substrate thickness is not 10 mm, the material and thickness used shall be stated in
the test report. The details of construction of the flame re-circulation chamber are given in Figure 5.
The flame re-circulation chamber, having nominal internal dimensions 1 500 mm × 1 500 mm ×
500 mm, shall be used for each test. The chamber is flanged at the rear to allow bolting on of a panel
when required and attachment, by bolting or clamping, of the protective chamber when required. A
general view of the flame re-circulation chamber is shown in Figure 4 and details of construction are
shown in Figure 5.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 flame re-circulation chamber
a
Jet position.
Figure 4 — General view of flame re-circulation chamber
Details of the flange construction, apart from the hole spacing, are not given as one of two methods may
be used:
a) The flanges may be constructed by welding L-section steel to the rear of each wall.
b) For structural steelwork specimens, the rear wall may be constructed by continuously welding a
1 620 mm × 1 620 mm plate on to the rear of the flame re-circulation chamber and drilling holes at
the appropriate locations in the plate extending beyond the sides of the chamber.
Inner walls that do not form part of the specimen, e.g. the sidewalls in a panel test, shall be protected
from distortion by an alkaline earth silicate board or other suitable form of passive fire protection or
insulation material.
When testing in the external configuration, the recirculation chamber shall have a rear wall and the
recirculation chamber shall be insulated.
6 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22899-1:2021(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 lifting lug, 25 mm thick machined steel
2 sixteen holes drilled, ∅ 18
Figure 5 — Construction of flame re-circulation chamber
6.5 Protective chamber
The protective chamber (nominal internal dimensions 1 500 mm × 1 500 mm × 1 000 mm) is used
to shield the rear of the flame re-circulati
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22899-1
ISO/TC 92/SC 2
Determination of the resistance to
Secretariat: ANSI
jet fires of passive fire protection
Voting begins on:
2021-04-07 materials —
Voting terminates on:
Part 1:
2021-06-02
General requirements
Détermination de la résistance aux feux propulsés des matériaux de
protection passive contre l'incendie —
Partie 1: Exigences générales
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 3
5 Test configurations . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Internal configuration . 4
5.3 External configuration . 5
6 Construction of the test items and substrates . 5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Material . 5
6.3 Nozzle. 5
6.4 Flame re-circulation chamber. 6
6.5 Protective chamber . 7
6.6 Panel test specimens (internal configuration) . 9
6.7 Structural steelwork test specimens (internal configuration) .10
6.8 Tubular section test specimens (external configuration) .13
7 Passive fire protection systems .14
7.1 General .14
7.2 Panel test specimens .14
7.3 Structural steelwork test specimens .15
7.4 Tubular section test specimens .15
7.5 Assembly specimens .16
7.5.1 General.16
7.5.2 Requirements for assemblies mounted on panels . .16
7.5.3 Cable transit systems .17
7.6 Pipe penetration systems .18
8 Instrumentation .21
8.1 General .21
8.2 Panel test specimens .21
8.3 Structural steelwork test specimens .22
8.4 Tubular section test specimens .23
8.5 Assembly specimens .24
8.5.1 General.24
8.5.2 Panel mounted cable transit systems .24
8.5.3 Tubular section mounted assemblies .25
8.6 Recommended instrumentation of pipe penetration seals .26
9 Test apparatus and conditions .27
9.1 Nozzle geometry and position .27
9.1.1 General.27
9.1.2 Nozzle position for panel (including panel assemblies) and steelwork tests .27
9.1.3 Nozzle position for tubular section (including assemblies) tests .28
9.2 Fuel .29
9.3 Test environment .29
10 Test procedure .29
11 Repeatability and reproducibility .33
12 Uncertainty of measurement .33
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ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
13 Test report .33
14 Practical application of test results .35
14.1 General .35
14.2 Performance criteria .35
14.2.1 General.35
14.2.2 Coatings and spray-applied materials .35
14.2.3 Systems and assemblies .36
14.3 Factors affecting the validity of the test .36
14.3.1 General.36
14.3.2 Interruption of the jet fire .36
14.3.3 Failure of thermocouples . .36
14.3.4 Failure of the re-circulation chamber connection .37
Annex A (normative) Methods of fixing thermocouples .38
Annex B (informative) Example test report .40
Bibliography .43
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92 Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 22899-1:2007), which has been
technically revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Corrections to figures;
— Revision of the method of test for penetration seals.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22899 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
Introduction
The test procedure described in this document enables the determination of properties of passive
fire protection materials. This test is designed to give an indication of how passive fire protection
materials are likely to perform in a jet fire. The dimensions of the test specimen can be smaller than
typical structure or plant items and the release of gas can be substantially less than that which can
occur in a credible event. However, individual thermal and mechanical loads imparted to the passive
fire protection material from the jet fire defined in this document have been shown to be similar to
those imparted from large-scale jet fires resulting from high-pressure releases of natural gas.
NOTE Guidance on the applicability of the test is intended to be covered in a future part of the ISO 22899 series.
Although the method specified in this document has been designed to simulate certain conditions
that occur in an actual jet fire, it cannot reproduce them all exactly and the thermal and mechanical
loads do not necessarily coincide. The results of this test do not guarantee safety but may be used as
elements of a fire risk assessment for structures or plants. This should also take into account all the
other factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard for a particular end use. The test is
[3]
not intended to replace the hydrocarbon fire resistance test (ISO/TR 834-3/EN 1363-2 ) but is seen as
a complementary test.
Users of this document are advised to consider the desirability of third-party certification/inspection/
testing of product conformity with this document.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
Determination of the resistance to jet fires of passive fire
protection materials —
Part 1:
General requirements
1 Scope
This document describes a method of determining the resistance to jet fires of passive fire protection
materials and systems. It gives an indication of how passive fire protection materials behave in a jet fire
and provides performance data under the specified conditions.
It does not include an assessment of other properties of the passive fire protection material such as
weathering, ageing, shock resistance, impact or explosion resistance, or smoke production.
Complete I-beams and columns cannot be tested to this document due to disruption of the characteristics
of the jet.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834-1:1999, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 13702, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Control and mitigation of fires and explosions on
offshore production installations — Requirements and guidelines
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
assembly
unit or structure composed of a combination of materials or products, or both
3.2
critical temperature
maximum temperature that the equipment, assembly (3.1) or structure to be protected may be allowed
to reach
3.3
Delta Tmax
maximum temperature rise (3.18) recorded by any of the installed thermocouples
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
3.4
fire barrier
separating element that resists the passage of flame and/or heat and/or effluents for a period of time
under specified conditions
3.5
fire resistance
ability of an item to fulfil, for a stated period of time, the required stability and/or integrity (3.8) and/
or thermal insulation and/or other expected duty, reaching the critical temperature (3.2) specified in a
standard fire-resistance test
3.6
fire test
procedure designed to measure or assess the performance of a material, product, structure or system
to one or more aspects of fire
3.7
flame re-circulation chamber
mild steel box, open at the front, into which the jet fire (3.10) is directed giving a re-circulating flame
resulting in a fireball
Note 1 to entry: Materials other than mild steel may be used when appropriate.
3.8
integrity
ability of a separating element, when exposed to fire on one side, to prevent the passage of flames and
hot gases or occurrence of flames on the unexposed side, for a stated period of time in a standard fire
resistance (3.5) test
3.9
intermediate-scale test
test performed on an item of medium dimensions
Note 1 to entry: A test performed on an item of which the maximum dimension is between 1 m and 3 m is usually
called an intermediate-scale test. This document describes an intermediate-scale jet fire test (3.6).
3.10
jet fire
ignited discharge of propane vapour under pressure
3.11
jet nozzle
assembly (3.1) from which the flammable material issues
3.12
outside specimen diameter
specimen diameter measured to the outer surface of the passive fire protection (3.13) system on a
tubular specimen
3.13
passive fire protection
coating or cladding arrangement or free-standing system that, in the event of fire, provides thermal
protection to restrict the rate at which heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected
Note 1 to entry: The term "passive" is used to distinguish the systems tested, including those systems that react
chemically, e.g. intumescents, from active systems such as water deluge.
3.14
passive fire protection material
coating or cladding that, in the event of a fire, provides thermal protection to restrict the rate at which
heat is transmitted to the object or area being protected
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ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
3.15
passive fire protection system
removable jacket or inspection panel, cable transit system, pipe penetration seal (3.16) or other such
system that, in the event of a fire, provides thermal protection to restrict the rate at which heat is
transmitted to the object or area being protected
3.16
penetration seal
system used to maintain the fire resistance (3.5) of a separating element at the position where there is
provision for services to pass through the separating element
3.17
protective chamber
mild steel box, open at the front and back, which is designed to be attached to the rear of the flame
re-circulation chamber (3.7) to shield the rear of the flame re-circulation chamber from environmental
influences
Note 1 to entry: A protective chamber is not required for tubular section tests but may be used to provide
additional stability to the flame re-circulation chamber.
3.18
temperature rise
increase in measured temperature above the initial temperature at a given location
4 Principle
The method presented in this document provides an indication of how passive fire protection materials
perform in a jet fire that can occur, for example, in petrochemical installations. It aims at simulating
[4]
the thermal and mechanical loads imparted to passive fire protection material by large-scale jet fires
resulting from high-pressure releases of flammable gas, pressure liquefied gas or flashing liquid fuels.
Jet fires give rise to high convective and radiative heat fluxes as well as high erosive forces. To generate
−1
both types of heat flux in sufficient quantity, a 0,3 kg s sonic release of gas is aimed into a shallow
chamber, producing a fireball with an extended tail. The flame thickness is thereby increased and hence
so is the heat radiated to the test specimen. Propane is used as the fuel since it has a greater propensity
to form soot than does natural gas and can therefore produce a flame of higher luminosity. High erosive
forces are generated by the release of the sonic velocity gas jet 1 m from specimen surface.
5 Test configurations
5.1 General
There are two basic configurations under which the test can be operated:
a) an internal configuration where one or more of the inner faces of the flame re-circulation chamber
incorporates the test construction;
b) an external configuration where the test construction is installed on supports in front of the flame
re-circulation chamber.
These two alternative configurations are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
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ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 protective chamber
2 jet nozzle
3 supports
a
Flame re-circulation chamber either with coated inner surfaces or with the rear face replaced by a panel to form
the test construction.
Figure 1 — Layout for internal configuration
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 flame re-circulation chamber
2 flame re-circulation chamber support
3 test construction
4 test construction support
5 jet nozzle
Figure 2 — Layout for external configuration
5.2 Internal configuration
The internal test configuration is used for determining the jet fire resistance of:
a) protection systems for plane surfaces;
b) protection systems for edge features;
c) fire barriers;
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ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
d) penetration systems used in conjunction with fire barriers.
5.3 External configuration
The external test configuration is used for determining the jet fire resistance of protected hollow
sections or assemblies mounted on hollow sections.
6 Construction of the test items and substrates
6.1 General
The key items required for the test are the jet release nozzle, the flame re-circulation chamber and a
protective chamber. These items are all required for the internal configurations of the test and the test
specimen forms all or part of the flame re-circulation chamber. In the external configurations of the
test, the flame re-circulation chamber is only used to help produce the fireball and it is not necessary to
use the protective chamber.
6.2 Material
The material normally used is 10 mm thick steel plate conforming to ISO 630-1:2011, Grade Fe 430. All-
welded construction shall be used and all welds shall be 5 mm fillet and continuous unless otherwise
stated. The use of substrates manufactured from other materials or thicknesses other than 10 mm shall
be documented in the report.
All dimensions are in millimetres and, unless otherwise stated, the following tolerances shall be used:
— whole number ±1,0 mm
— decimal to point ,0 ±0,4 mm
— decimal to point ,00 ±0,2 mm
— angles ±0’ 30”
— radii ±0,4 mm
6.3 Nozzle
The fuel is released towards the specimen from a nozzle. The tapered, converging nozzle shall be of
length 200 ± 1 mm, inlet diameter 52 ± 0,5 mm and outlet diameter 17,8 ± 0,2 mm. Figure 3 shows
the details of construction. The nozzle shall be constructed of heat resistant stainless steel. Provisions
shall be made for fitting a sighting device.
The side, top and bottom walls of the flame re-circulation chamber shall be constructed from mild
steel of 10 mm thickness. The rear wall of the chamber shall either be constructed of 10 mm thick steel
welded to the sides of the chamber or of a panel bolted on to form the rear wall. If the substrate material
is not steel or the substrate thickness is not 10 mm, the material and thickness used shall be stated in
the test report. The details of construction of the flame re-circulation chamber are given in Figure 5.
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ISO/FDIS 22899-1:2021(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 3 — Nozzle
6.4 Flame re-circulation chamber
The flame re-circulation chamber, having nominal internal dimensions 1 500 mm × 1 500 mm ×
500 mm, shall be used for each test. The chamber is flanged at the rear to allow bolting on of a panel
when required and attachment, by bolting or clamping, of the protective chamber when required. A
general view of the flame re-circulation chamber is shown in Figure 4 and details of construction are
shown in Figure 5.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 flame re-circulation chamber
a
Jet position.
Figure 4 — General view of flame re-circulation chamber
Details of the flange construction, apart from the hole spacing, are not given as one of two methods may
be used:
a) The flanges may be constructed by welding L-section steel to the rear of each wall.
b) For structural steelwork specimens, the rear wall may be constructed by continuously welding a
1 620 mm × 1 620 mm plate on to the rear of the flame re-circulation chamber and drilling holes at
the appropriate locations in the plate extending beyond the sides of the chamber.
Inner walls that do not form part of the specimen, e.g. the sidewalls in a panel test, shall be protected
from distortion by an alkaline earth silicate board or ot
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