ISO 14132-1:2015
(Main)Optics and photonics — Vocabulary for telescopic systems — Part 1: General terms and alphabetical indexes of terms in ISO 14132
Optics and photonics — Vocabulary for telescopic systems — Part 1: General terms and alphabetical indexes of terms in ISO 14132
ISO 14132-1:2015 gives terms, definitions and letter symbols of common notions that are typical for all types of telescopic systems. The alphabetical indexes of terms that are common for all published parts of ISO 14132 are published in ISO 14132-1:2015. See Annex A.
Optique et photonique — Vocabulaire relatif aux systèmes télescopiques — Partie 1: Termes généraux et index alphabétiques des termes dans l'ISO 14132
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14132-1
Second edition
2015-11-15
Optics and photonics — Vocabulary
for telescopic systems —
Part 1:
General terms and alphabetical
indexes of terms in ISO 14132
Optique et photonique — Vocabulaire relatif aux systèmes
télescopiques —
Partie 1: Termes généraux et index alphabétiques des termes dans
l’ISO 14132
Reference number
ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
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ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 1
4 Terms and definitions . 2
4.1 General definitions . 2
4.2 Basic characteristics of telescopic systems and observational instruments . 3
4.3 Optical parts and components of telescopic systems . 7
Annex A (informative) Alphabetical index of terms in ISO 14132 . 9
Bibliography .14
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 4,
Telescopic systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14132‑1:2002), which has been technically
revised with the following changes:
a) the term “telescopic system” has been introduced replacing the term “telescope” where appropriate;
b) the useful magnification (4.2.12) is now identified by Γ’;
c) telescopic acuity of vision ν’ is now given in minutes of arc;
d) two new symbols were added to the term veiling glare index (4.2.27): Φ (luminous flux of black
B
object on the white background) and Φ (luminous flux caused by the white background);
W
e) two new terms were added: “zoom ratio” (4.2.30) and “zoom range” (4.2.31);
f) the term “teleobjective” (4.3.5) has been replaced by “telephoto lens”.
ISO 14132 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and photonics — Vocabulary for
telescopic systems:
— Part 1: General terms and alphabetical indexes of terms in ISO 14132
— Part 2: Terms for binoculars, monoculars and spotting scopes
— Part 3: Terms for telescopic sights
— Part 4: Terms for astronomical telescopes
— Part 5: Terms for night vision devices
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
Optics and photonics — Vocabulary for telescopic systems —
Part 1:
General terms and alphabetical indexes of terms in ISO
14132
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14132 gives terms, definitions and letter symbols of common notions that are typical
for all types of telescopic systems.
The alphabetical indexes of terms that are common for all published parts of ISO 14132 are published in
this part of ISO 14132. See Annex A.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms
Letters symbols of common values that are typical for telescopic systems are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols
Reference part and
Symbol Description
clause in ISO 14132
b distance between centres of eyepieces ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.14
b’ interpupillary distance ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.11
B distance between centres of objectives ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.14
D entrance pupil diameter; clear aperture of objective 4.2.9,
ISO 14132-4:2015, 3.2
D’ exit pupil diameter 4.2.10
L efficiency of telescopic system 4.2.15
L daylight efficiency when the telescope is hand‑held 4.2.16
H
L daylight efficiency when the telescope is fixed against a support 4.2.16
s
L geometric twilight number 4.2.17
t
l distance from the objective of the instrument to the object plane 4.2.5
P plasticity ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.15
P specific plasticity ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.14
l
R distance to the object that defines the depth of stereoscopic vision ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.17
R range of stereoscopic vision ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.16
0
ΔR threshold depth of stereoscopic vision ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.17
w angular subtense of the object 4.2.1
w’ angular subtense of the image 4.2.1
2y linear field of view in object space 4.2.5
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ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Reference part and
Symbol Description
clause in ISO 14132
Γ magnification; power 4.2.1
Γ’ useful magnification 4.2.12
ε limit of angular resolution 4.2.13,
ISO 14132-4:2015, 3.3.2
η threshold of stereoscopic vision of the unaided eye ISO 14132-2:2015, 3.1.16
e
λ wavelength of optical radiation ISO 14132-4:2015, 3.3.2
ν acuity of vision of an unaided eye 4.2.15
ν’ telescopic acuity of vision 4.2.14
2ω angular field of view in object space 4.2.2
2ω’ angular field of view in image space 4.2.3
Φ Luminous flux of black object on the white background 4.2.27
B
Φ Luminous flux caused by the white background 4.2.27
W
4 Terms and definitions
4.1 General definitions
4.1.1
telescopic system
afocal system
optical system which, having received a bundle of rays coming from an infinitely distant object incident
upon its objective, forms a conjugate emergent bundle of parallel rays
4.1.2
Keplerian telescopic system
Keplerian telescope
telescopic system which includes an objective lens and an eyepiece, both having positive focal lengths
4.1.3
Galilean telescopic system
Galilean telescope
telescopic system which includes an objective lens having positive focal length and an eyepiece having
negative focal length
4.1.4
telescopic observational instrument
telescope
optical instrument which includes a telescopic system and is used for watching remote objects
EXAMPLE Binoculars, monoculars, spotting scopes, amateur astronomical telescopes, telescopic sights and
night-vision devices.
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ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
4.2 Basic characteristics of telescopic systems and observational instruments
4.2.1
magnification
magnifying power
Γ
ratio of the paraxial angular subtense (w’) of the image of an infinitely distant object as seen through
the telescopic system, to the paraxial angular subtense (w) of the same object viewed by the unaided eye
Note 1 to entry: The magnification is defined in accordance with the following formulae:
′
tanw
′
w D
ΓΓ= ≈ or =
′
tanw w D
4.2.2
angular field of view in object space
2ω
angular size of the field of view observable through the telescopic system seen without the
telescopic system
4.2.3
angular field of view in image space
2ω’
size of the field of view at the exit of the telescopic system
Note 1 to entry: This dimension is expressed in angular units.
Note 2 to entry: In the absence of distortion, the angular fields of view in the object space and image space are
related by the formula
′
tantωω=⋅an Γ
where Γ is the magnification of the telescopic system.
4.2.4
wide angle telescopic system
telescopic system with an angular field of view in image space greater than 60° for Keplerian telescopes
and greater than 50° for Galilean telescopes
4.2.5
linear field of view in object space
2y
maximum linear dimension perpendicular to the optical axis in the object plane being imaged by the
telescopic system and assessed in accordance with the formula
22yl=⋅tanω
where l is the distance from the objective of the instrument to the object plane
4.2.6
entrance pupil
paraxial image of the aperture stop in object space or the aperture stop itself, if it is located in object space
4.2.7
exit pupil
paraxial image of the aperture stop in image space or the aperture stop itself, if it is located in image space
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ISO 14132-1:2015(E)
4.2.8
eye relief
distance from the vertex of the last optical surface to the exit pupil of the telescopic system measured
along the optical axis
4.2.9
entrance pupil diameter
D
in object space, the largest diameter of an incident parallel bundle of rays, the axis of said bundle being
parallel to the optical axis, that passes unrestricted through the optical system
Note 1 to entry: For non‑circular entrance pupil shape, the diameter of a circle of equivalent area applies.
4.2.10
exit pupil diameter
D’
diameter of the image of the aperture stop formed by the telescopic system in image space
Note 1 to entry: In the case of a Galilean telescope the image is virtual.
Note 2 to entry: The exit pupil diameter is related to the entrance pupil diameter by the formula
D
D′ =
Γ
Note 3 to entry: For non‑circular pupil shape, the diameter of a circle of equivalent area applies.
4.2.11
normal magnification
magnification of a telescopic system subject to the condition that the diameter of its exit pupil is equal
to the diameter of the observer’s eye entrance pupil
Note 1 to entry: The normal magnification of the instrument occurs when its exit pupil diameter is 2 mm, which
corresponds to an angular resolution limit of a matched eye entrance pupil of 60 seconds of arc.
4.2.12
useful magnification
magnification of a telescopic system subject to the condition that the limit of resolution of the instrument
and that of the eye coincide
Note 1 to entry: T
...
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