ISO/TC 172/SC 5 - Microscopes and endoscopes

This document specifies procedures for the measurement of illumination brightness, temporal stability and uniformity for incident light fluorescence microscopy. The measurement for uniformity is defined in image planes or intermediate image planes only, when these planes are suitable for detection by electronic imaging devices. This document defines how illumination brightness, temporal stability and uniformity are measured, and how this information is provided to the user. NOTE The scope is intentionally limited to electronic imaging devices and (intermediate) image planes. The visual observation by means of eyepieces would require a different measurement procedure and hence result in ambiguities in the description of measurement procedures. Nevertheless, this document will give useful estimates for the uniformity with visual observation as in this case an eyepiece is used to observe an intermediate image plane (which is under the scope of this document).

This document applies to capsule endoscopes used for clinical practice. The document defines relevant terms and gives requirements for them.

This document applies to rigid endoscopes designed for use in the practice of medicine. Endoscopes having a fibre-optic or opto-electronic imaging system are excluded. It specifies a test method for determining the optical resolution of endoscopes. This document provides a measurement method for characterizing three aspects of the optical resolution of a rigid endoscope. Characteristic A is used to provide a simple measurement of the limiting resolution of the endoscope image. Characteristic B provides a measurement of low spatial frequency resolution and characterizes the sharpness, or contrast, of the endoscope image. Characteristic C provides a measurement of the spatial frequency response of the endoscope image.

This document defines terms for endoscopes and endotherapy devices commonly used in the endoscopic area. This document does not define general medical terms or other general terms. This document does not define terms that should be defined in other ISO 8600 (all parts).

This document specifies terms and definitions to be used in the field of light microscopy and advanced techniques in light microscopy.

This document specifies the design, testing and labelling of trocar sleeves and trocar pins that are universally interchangeable and reusable. It also specifies the design, testing and labelling of endotherapy devices which are inserted through these trocar sleeves and are also universally interchangeable and reuseable. This document specifies the minimum requirements for the production of the products mentioned.

This document specifies commonly used quantities regarding image performance in confocal laser scanning microscopy used for imaging of fluorescent biological specimens. This document applies only to confocal single point scanners using single photon excitation.

This document specifies measurands and measurement procedures of colour properties for bright field microscopy with transmitted light illumination. These measurements are defined in image planes or intermediate image planes. This document also specifies how the information is provided to the user.

This document applies to endoscopes designed for use in the practice of medicine. It specifies measurement requirements and describes two test methods for measuring the field of view and direction of view of endoscopes. Method A uses the distance from the distal window to calculate the field of view. Method B uses the distance from the entrance pupil. Other test methods can be used if they obtain equivalent results.

This document specifies optically and mechanically related dimensions for imaging components of a microscope such as a) the dimensions related to objective, eyepiece and tube lens, b) the dimensions of screw thread types for connecting a microscope objective to the nosepiece, and c) the diameters of interchangeable eyepieces and corresponding viewing tubes of microscopes.

ISO 10936-1:2017 specifies requirements and refers to test methods for operation microscopes used for observation during surgical operation and treatment of patients. It does not apply to accessories, e.g. photographic cameras. NOTE Specific requirements with regard to optical radiation hazards from operation microscopes used in ocular surgery are given in ISO 10936‑2.

ISO 8255-1:2017 specifies requirements for dimensional tolerances, thickness and optical properties for microscope cover glasses used for transmitted light microscopy in the visible spectral range (400 nm to 760 nm).

ISO 9344:2016 specifies dimensions and permissible material defects and processing faults for graticules with diameters of 19 mm, 21 mm and 26 mm to be used in microscope eyepieces for the purposes of measurement, assessment and comparison.

ISO 18221:2016 specifies the minimum information to be provided to the user by the manufacturers of microscopes with digital displays regarding imaging performance. It further specifies terms and definitions for describing the optical performance of the digital imaging path of microscopy systems including the observation of the image on digital displays. NOTE Terms and definitions for the direct visual observation with eyepieces are specified in ISO 8039 and ISO 10934‑1.

ISO/TS 18339:2015 specifies the design of eyepiece cap and light guide connector of an endoscope to enable the combination of products from different manufacturers. The products intended only for limited combination are out of the scope. It is a mechanical connection; it might not generate best results, but it allows the user to be able to work. ISO/TS 18339:2015 supports manufacturers of components in the design of interfaces.

ISO 8600-1:2015 gives definitions of terms and requirements for endoscopes and endotherapy devices used in the practice of medicine.

ISO 19056-1:2015 specifies procedures for the measurement of image brightness and uniformity for bright field light microscopy. These measurements for image brightness and uniformity are defined in image planes or intermediate image planes only, when these planes are suitable for detection by electronic imaging devices. ISO 19056-1:2015 defines how image brightness and uniformity are measured and how this information is provided to the user. NOTE The scope is intentionally limited to electronic imaging devices and (intermediate) image planes. The visual observation by means of eyepieces would require a different measurement procedure and hence result in unambiguities in the description of measurement procedures. Nevertheless, this part of ISO 19056 will give useful estimates for the image brightness with visual observation as in this case, an eyepiece is used to observe an intermediate image plane (which is under the scope of this part of ISO 19056).

ISO 12853:2015 specifies the minimum required information to be provided to the user by the microscope manufacturer. This International Standard is not applicable to inverted microscopes, advanced technique microscopes, and digital display microscopes.

ISO 19055:2015 specifies the minimum requirements regarding image quality and viewing ergonomics for binocular tubes for compound microscopes when used with eyepieces as specified by the manufacturer. ISO 19055:2015 makes a distinction between binocular tubes with and without dioptre adjustment.

ISO 8036:2015 describes the characteristics of immersion liquids used in microscopy. It classifies immersion liquids according to their field of application and specifies requirements and test methods for each type. ISO 8036:2015 further specifies a system of designation for immersion liquids, the information to be included on container labels, and the information to be supplied in technical data sheets.

ISO 19012-3:2015 specifies the relation of spectral characteristics between optical design and the description to microscope users for the spectral transmittance of objectives, as the guideline. NOTE This part of ISO 19012 does not apply to objectives exclusively used on stereomicroscopes.

ISO 8600-2:2015 specifies requirements for rigid bronchoscopes and their endoscopic accessories used in the practice of anaesthesia and medical endoscopy.

ISO 8039:2014 specifies a series of values, tolerances, and symbols for the magnification of imaging components of light microscopes and defines a number of imaging components and magnifying systems to which they apply.

ISO 15362:2014 specifies the minimum information to be provided by the manufacturer of stereomicroscopes to the user. In addition to the mandatory information (m), further data are recommended (r).

ISO 8600-4:2014 specifies a method of measurement of the maximum insertion portion width of medical endoscopes and certain endoscopic accessories.

ISO 8255-2:2013 specifies requirements and methods of test for the quality of material, standards of finish, and mode of packaging for microscope cover glasses. ISO 8255-2:2013 is applicable to microscope cover glasses for use in transmitted light microscopy (400 nm to 760 nm).

ISO 19012-1:2013 specifies the use of the marking "Plan" on microscope objectives, and defines the diameter of the sharp region of the primary image of a flat object surface. ISO 19012-1:2013 applies to visual observation using the combination of objective lens, tube lens and eyepiece, as specified by the manufacturer. This marking is consistent with ISO 8578.

ISO 19012-2:2013 specifies classes of chromatic correction and defines minimum requirements regarding chromatic correction. The defined marking on the component enables the operator to correctly use the microscope. The standard application for visual observation refers to the combination of objective and tube lens as specified by the manufacturer. The specifications regarding chromatic correction only refer to axial chromatic aberration.

ISO 8600-7:2012 specifies requirements for medical endoscopes, either flexible or rigid with a bending section, of water-resistant type.

ISO 8578:2012 specifies the format for the marking of data or symbols for optical characteristics on microscope objectives and eyepieces and the positioning of the data. It makes recommendations for the marking of additional information, particularly colour coding of rings designating the magnification of objectives and the immersion media with which they are used.

ISO 10935:2009 specifies the dimensions of a thread mount connection type C for a microscope imaging exit port (other than a monocular or binocular viewing tube) and the position of the image plane.

ISO 11884-2:2007 specifies minimum requirements for high performance stereomicroscopes. It is not applicable to operation microscopes.

ISO 11884-1:2006 specifies minimum requirements for stereomicroscopes used mainly for visual observation for general use.

This International Standard specifies test conditions and recommended test methods to ensure the minimum requirements for stereomicroscopes. These minimum requirements are given in ISO 10936-1, ISO 11884-1 and ISO 11884-2. The test methods specified in this International Standard are recommended, but use of other test methods is permitted if the same results are obtained.

This part of ISO 8037 specifies requirements and test methods for the quality of material, standards of finish and mode of packaging of silicate microscope slides for use in transmitted light microscopy in the visible spectrum range (400 nm to 760 nm).

This International Standard specifies the format for the marking of data for optical characteristics on stereomicroscopes, including operation microscopes, and gives recommendations for the marking of additional information.

This International Standard gives specifications for the photo exit port of microscopes for connecting 35 mm single lens reflecting (SLR) photo cameras (T-thread adaptation), without the associated 35 mm camera lens, with reference to the projected microscope image plane. The adaptation of the 35 mm SLR photo cameras is obtained using camera-specific adapters which are not included in the scope of this International Standard.

Establishes a reference system incorporating all calibrated motions of rotation and displacement on the microscope and its accessories so that the measuring procedures are uniform. Particular attention is given to the polarization parameters and measuring accessories.

This part of IS0 8037 specifies requirements for dimensions, thickness, optical properties and tolerances for microscope slides used for transmitted light microscopy in the visible spectral range'). NOTE - This part of IS0 8037 does not cover requirements for suitability for fluorescence microscopy.

ISO/TS 18340:2015 specifies the design, testing and labelling of universal interchangeable and reusable trocar sleeves and trocar pins and of endotherapy devices which are inserted through these trocar sleeves. ISO/TS 18340:2015 represents the minimum requirements for the production of the products mentioned.

ISO 9345-2:2014 specifies the imaging distances of objectives, eyepieces and the focal length of "normal" tube lenses of microscopes with infinity-corrected optical systems.

ISO 8038:2013 specifies the dimensions of screw thread types for connecting a microscope objective to the nosepiece.

ISO 8600-1:2013 gives definitions of terms and requirements for endoscopes and endotherapy devices used in the practice of medicine.

ISO 8039:2012 specifies a series of values, tolerances and symbols for the magnification of imaging components of light microscopes and defines a number of imaging components and magnifying systems to which they apply.

ISO 9345-1:2012 specifies the imaging distances of objectives and eyepieces of microscopes with 160 mm mechanical tube length or equivalent.

ISO 9344:2011 specifies dimensions and permissible material defects and processing faults for graticules with diameters of 19 mm, 21 mm and 26 mm to be used in microscope eyepieces for the purposes of measurement, assessment and comparison.

ISO 19012-1:2011 specifies the use of the marking "Plan" on microscope objectives, and defines the diameter of the sharp region of the primary image of a flat object surface. ISO 19012-1:2011 applies to visual observation using the combination of objective lens, tube lens and eyepiece, as specified by the manufacturer.

ISO 8255-1:2011 specifies requirements for dimensional tolerances, thickness and optical properties for microscope cover glasses used for transmitted light microscopy in the visible spectral range (400 nm to 760 nm).

ISO 8038:2011 specifies the dimensions of screw thread types for connecting a microscope objective to the nosepiece.

ISO 19012-2:2009 specifies classes of chromatic correction and defines minimum requirements regarding chromatic correction. The defined marking on the component enables the operator to correctly use the microscope. The standard application for visual observation refers to the combination of objective and tube lens as specified by the manufacturer. The specifications regarding chromatic correction only refer to axial chromatic aberration.