ISO 12647-3:1998
(Main)Graphic technology — Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour separations, proofs and production prints — Part 3: Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint
Graphic technology — Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour separations, proofs and production prints — Part 3: Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint
Technologie graphique — Contrôle du processus de confection de sélections couleurs tramées, d'épreuves et de tirages — Partie 3: Impression offset sans sécheur et typographique sur papier journal
Grafična tehnologija - Vodenje procesa izdelave rastriranih barvnih izvlečkov, preskusnih in proizvodnih odtisov - 3. del: Procesi v časopisnem ofsetnem tisku in knjigotisku na rotacijah s hladnim sušenjem (coldset)
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12647-3
First edition
1998-04-01
Graphic technology — Process control for
the manufacture of half-tone colour
separations, proofs and production prints —
Part 3:
Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on
newsprint
Technologie graphique — Contrôle du processus de confection de
sélections couleurs tramées, d’épreuves et de tirages —
Partie 3: Impression offset sans sécheur et typographique sur papier journal
A
Reference number
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)
Contents
Page
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
Terms and definitions .
3 2
4 Requirements . 2
4.1 Colour separation films. 2
4.1.1 Quality . 2
4.1.2 Screen ruling . 3
4.1.3 Screen angle . 3
4.1.4 Dot shape and its relationship to tone value. 3
4.1.5 Image size tolerance . 3
4.1.6 Tone value sum. 3
4.1.7 Grey balance . 3
4.2 Print . 4
4.2.1 Visual characteristics of image components . 4
4.2.2 Tone value reproduction limits. 6
4.2.3 Tolerance for image positioning . 6
4.2.4 Tone value increase . 6
4.3 Additional requirements for single-colour reproduction and
printing. 7
4.3.1 Screen ruling . 7
4.3.2 Half-tone reflection copy. 7
5 Test method: Tone value and tone value increase of a print. 7
Annex
A (informative) Ink set colours as measured under non-normative
conditions. 8
© ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
©
ISO
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in
the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 12647-3 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.
ISO 12647 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic
technology — Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour
separations, proofs and production prints:
— Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods
— Part 2: Offset lithographic processes
— Part 3: Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint
— Part 4: Gravure printing
— Part 5: Screen printing
Annex A of this part of ISO 12647 is for information only.
iii
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©
ISO
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)
Introduction
When producing a half-tone colour reproduction it is important that the
colour separator, proofer and printer have previously specified a minimum
set of parameters that uniquely define the visual characteristics and other
technical properties of the planned print product. Such an agreement
enables the correct production of suitable separations (without recourse to
trial-and-error") and subsequent production of off-press or on-press proof
prints from these separations whose purpose is to simulate the visual
characteristics of the finished print product as closely as possible.
For more information on the technical background refer to ISO 12647-1.
It is the purpose of this part of ISO 12647 to list and explain the minimum
set of process parameters required to uniquely define the visual
characteristics and related technical properties of a half-tone proof or
production print produced by coldset offset or letterpress on newsprint, or
half-tone proof designed to simulate this, from a set of half-tone separation
films.
It is a further purpose of this part of ISO 12647 to list values or sets of
values of the primary parameters specified in ISO 12647-1 and related
technical properties of a half-tone newspaper print or proof produced from
a set of half-tone colour separation films. Where deemed useful, secondary
parameters are also recommended for specification.
Since non-periodic screening and direct-to-plate techniques are common
practice with newspaper printing, information on some of the pertinent
parameters has been included.
iv
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD © ISO ISO 12647-3:1998(E)
Graphic technology — Process control for the manufacture
of half-tone colour separations, proofs and production prints —
Part 3:
Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12647 specifies printing conditions for newspaper single- or four-colour printing and proofing. The
values of the parameters specified may be used in the exchange of data to characterize the intended printing
condition and/or for the process control of printing by practitioners wishing to work to common goals.
This part of ISO 12647
— specifies a number of process parameters and their values that shall be applied when preparing half-tone
separations for newspaper single- or four-colour proof and production printing. The parameters and values are
chosen in view of the process stages “colour separation”, “making of the printing forme”, “proofing” and
“production printing”;
— is applicable to coldset offset and letterpress proof and production printing and off-press proof printing
processes on newsprint, or that simulate newsprint, and that use colour separation films as an analogue optical
information storage medium rather than storage in digital form in an electronic storage medium;
— is applicable by analogy to press printing from printing surfaces produced by direct imaging methods and the
corresponding proof printing processes;
— is not applicable to line screens and non-periodic screens although certain parameters given can be applied by
analogy. In particular, the tone values increases specified apply directly because they refer to control patches
which contain periodic screen half-tones;
— is not applicable to flexo proof and production printing although a number of parameters can be applied by
analogy.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO 12647. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12647 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
ISO 5-3:1995, Photography — Density measurements — Part 3: Spectral conditions.
ISO 5-4:1995, .
Photography — Density measurements — Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density
1)
ISO 2846-2:— , Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of ink sets for four-colour-printing — Part 2:
Newspaper printing.
___________
1) To be published.
1
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© ISO
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)
ISO 12647-1:1996, Graphic technology — Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour separations,
proof and production prints — Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods.
ISO 12642:1996, Graphic technology — Prepress digital data exchange — Input data for characterization of
4-colour process printing.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12647, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12647-1 and the following apply.
3.1
coldset offset
method of offset lithographic printing where the inks set ("dry") primarily by absorption into the print substrate
3.2
non-periodic (half-tone) screen
half-tone screen without a regular screen angle and without a constant screen ruling
NOTE Sometimes referred to as stochastic, frequency modulated or random screens.
4 Requirements
The following subclauses are arranged according to the order set out in ISO 12647-1. They also depend on it for the
definition of the parameters and test methods.
4.1 Colour separation films
4.1.1 Quality
Unless otherwise specified, the core density shall be at least 2,5 for offset and 3,5 for letterpress above the
transmission density of the clear film (film base plus fog). The transmission density in the centre of a clear half-tone
dot shall not be more than 0,1 above the corresponding value of a large clear area. The transmission density of the
clear film shall not be higher than 0,15.
The fringe width shall not be greater than one-fortieth of the screen width; the half-tone dot shall not be split up in
distinct parts.
The colour separation film quality shall be evaluated according to annex B of ISO 12647-1. Measurements shall be
made with a (UV) transmission densitometer whose spectral products conform to ISO type 1 printing density as
defined in ISO 5-3; for the evaluation of core properties, type 2 printing density may be used.
NOTE 1 The clear film density requirement is based on the understanding
— that the density range of the clear areas of all films that are to be exposed on to an offset plate, for consistent work,
should not exceed 0,10;
— that 0,05 represents the lowest commonly found value for ISO type 1 printing density.In order to minimise the impact
of the use of half-tone films with clear film densities above this range, agreements between the supplier of colour
separations and the recipient are required. Contacting or duplicating can also be used to bring half-tone films with
dissimilar clear film densities into agreement.
NOTE 2 As a practical guide, a core density of 2,5 above the clear film density will normally be achieved if the density of
large solid areas is more than 3,5 above the clear film density.
NOTE 3 If a user wishes to use a blue filter for transmission density measurements, as is the case for type 2 printing density,
it is necessary to determine, for the particular film type and processing conditions, the correlation between densities obtained
with the blue filter and those obtained with an ISO type 1 printing density instrument.
NOTE 4 With non-periodic screens, a fringe width of not more than 4 μm is reported to give reliable results.
2
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© ISO
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)
4.1.2 Screen ruling
21 21
For four-colour work, the screen ruling (screen frequency) should be (34 ± 2) cm or (40 ± 2) cm for offset and
21 21
(28 ± 2) cm or (34 ± 2) cm for letterpress.
NOTE 1 With computer-generated screening, the parameters screen ruling and screen angle may be varied slightly in
conjunction, from one process colour to another, in order to minimise moiré patterns.
NOTE 2 Higher screen rulings for offset can be successfully used with proper adjustments.
NOTE 3 With non-periodic screens, reliable results are obtained if the minimum dimension of the image elements is in the
range of 25 μm to 40 μm.
4.1.3 Screen angle
For half-tone dots without a principal axis, the nominal difference between the screen angles for cyan, magenta and
black shall be 30°, with the screen angle of yellow separated at 15° from another colour. The screen angle of the
dominant colour should be 45°, this value refers to the film.
For
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Technologie graphique -- Contrôle du processus de confection de sélections couleurs tramées, d'épreuves et de tirages -- Partie 3: Impression offset sans sécheur et typographique sur papier journalGraphic technology -- Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour separations, proofs and production prints -- Part 3: Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint37.100.01VSORãQRGraphic technology in generalICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ISO 12647-3:1998SIST ISO 12647-3:2002en01-november-2002SIST ISO 12647-3:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST ISO 12647-3:2002
AReference numberISO 12647-3:1998(E)INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO12647-3First edition1998-04-01Graphic technology — Process control forthe manufacture of half-tone colourseparations, proofs and production prints —Part 3:Coldset offset lithography and letterpress onnewsprintTechnologie graphique — Contrôle du processus de confection desélections couleurs tramées, d’épreuves et de tirages —Partie 3: Impression offset sans sécheur et typographique sur papier journalSIST ISO 12647-3:2002
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)©
ISO 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproducedor utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying andmicrofilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.International Organization for StandardizationCase postale 56 · CH-1211 Genève 20 · SwitzerlandInternetcentral@iso.chX.400c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=centralPrinted in SwitzerlandiiContentsPage1Scope.12Normative references.13Terms and definitions.24Requirements.24.1Colour separation films.24.1.1
Quality.24.1.2
Screen ruling.34.1.3
Screen angle.34.1.4
Dot shape and its relationship to tone value.34.1.5
Image size tolerance.34.1.6
Tone value sum.34.1.7
Grey balance.34.2Print.44.2.1
Visual characteristics of image components.44.2.2
Tone value reproduction limits.64.2.3
Tolerance for image positioning.64.2.4
Tone value increase.64.3Additional requirements for single-colour reproduction andprinting.74.3.1
Screen ruling.74.3.2
Half-tone reflection copy.75Test method: Tone value and tone value increase of a print.7AnnexA(informative) Ink set colours as measured under non-normativeconditions.8SIST ISO 12647-3:2002
© ISOISO 12647-3:1998(E)iiiForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwidefederation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work ofpreparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whicha technical committee has been established has the right to be representedon that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISOcollaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given inthe ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees arecirculated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an InternationalStandard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies castinga vote.International Standard ISO 12647-3 was prepared by Technical CommitteeISO/TC 130, Graphic technology.ISO 12647 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphictechnology — Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colourseparations, proofs and production prints:—Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods—Part 2: Offset lithographic processes—Part 3: Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint—Part 4: Gravure printing—Part 5: Screen printingAnnex A of this part of ISO 12647 is for information only.SIST ISO 12647-3:2002
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)© ISOivIntroductionWhen producing a half-tone colour reproduction it is important that thecolour separator, proofer and printer have previously specified a minimumset of parameters that uniquely define the visual characteristics and othertechnical properties of the planned print product. Such an agreementenables the correct production of suitable separations (without recourse totrial-and-error") and subsequent production of off-press or on-press proofprints from these separations whose purpose is to simulate the visualcharacteristics of the finished print product as closely as possible.For more information on the technical background refer to ISO 12647-1.It is the purpose of this part of ISO 12647 to list and explain the minimumset of process parameters required to uniquely define the visualcharacteristics and related technical properties of a half-tone proof orproduction print produced by coldset offset or letterpress on newsprint, orhalf-tone proof designed to simulate this, from a set of half-tone separationfilms.It is a further purpose of this part of ISO 12647 to list values or sets ofvalues of the primary parameters specified in ISO 12647-1 and relatedtechnical properties of a half-tone newspaper print or proof produced froma set of half-tone colour separation films. Where deemed useful, secondaryparameters are also recommended for specification.Since non-periodic screening and direct-to-plate techniques are commonpractice with newspaper printing, information on some of the pertinentparameters has been included.SIST ISO 12647-3:2002
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
© ISOISO 12647-3:1998(E)1Graphic technology — Process control for the manufactureof half-tone colour separations, proofs and production prints —Part 3:Coldset offset lithography and letterpress on newsprint1
ScopeThis part of ISO 12647 specifies printing conditions for newspaper single- or four-colour printing and proofing. Thevalues of the parameters specified may be used in the exchange of data to characterize the intended printingcondition and/or for the process control of printing by practitioners wishing to work to common goals.This part of ISO 12647—specifies a number of process parameters and their values that shall be applied when preparing half-toneseparations for newspaper single- or four-colour proof and production printing. The parameters and values arechosen in view of the process stages “colour separation”, “making of the printing forme”, “proofing” and“production printing”;—is applicable to coldset offset and letterpress proof and production printing and off-press proof printingprocesses on newsprint, or that simulate newsprint, and that use colour separation films as an analogue opticalinformation storage medium rather than storage in digital form in an electronic storage medium;—is applicable by analogy to press printing from printing surfaces produced by direct imaging methods and thecorresponding proof printing processes;—is not applicable to line screens and non-periodic screens although certain parameters given can be applied byanalogy. In particular, the tone values increases specified apply directly because they refer to control patcheswhich contain periodic screen half-tones;—is not applicable to flexo proof and production printing although a number of parameters can be applied byanalogy.2
Normative referencesThe following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part ofISO 12647. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, andparties to agreements based on this part of ISO 12647 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying themost recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently validInternational Standards.ISO 5-3:1995, Photography — Density measurements — Part 3: Spectral conditions.ISO 5-4:1995, Photography — Density measurements — Part 4: Geometric conditions for reflection density.ISO 2846-2:—1), Graphic technology — Colour and transparency of ink sets for four-colour-printing — Part 2:Newspaper printing. ___________
1)
To be published.SIST ISO 12647-3:2002
ISO 12647-3:1998(E)© ISO2ISO 12647-1:1996, Graphic technology — Process control for the manufacture of half-tone colour separations,proof and production prints — Part 1: Parameters and measurement methods.ISO 12642:1996, Graphic technology — Prepress digital data exchange — Input data for characterization of4-colour process printing.3
Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this part of ISO 12647, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12647-1 and the following apply.3.1coldset offsetmethod of offset lithographic printing where the inks set ("dry") primarily by absorption into the print substrate3.2non-periodic (half-tone) screenhalf-tone screen without a regular screen angle and without a constant screen rulingNOTESometimes referred to as stochastic, frequency modulated or random screens.4
RequirementsThe following subclauses are arranged according to the order set out in ISO 12647-1. They also depend on it for thedefinition of the parameters and test methods.4.1
Colour separation films4.1.1
QualityUnless otherwise specified, the core density shall be at least 2,5 for offset and 3,5 for letterpress above thetransmission density of the clear film (film base plus fog). The transmission density in the centre of a clear half-tonedot shall not be more than 0,1 above the corresponding value of a large clear area. The transmission density of theclear film shall not be higher than 0,15.The fringe width shall not be greater than one-fortieth of the screen width; the half-tone dot shall not be split up indistinct parts.The colour separation film quality shall be evaluated according to annex B of ISO 12647-1. Measurements shall bemade with a (UV) transmission densitometer whose spectral products conform to ISO type 1 printing density asdefined in ISO 5-3; for the evaluation of core properties, type 2 printing density may be used.NOTE 1The clear film density requirement is based on the understanding—that the density range of the clear areas of all films that are to be exposed on to an offset plate, for consistent work,should not exceed 0,10;—that 0,05 represents the lowest commonly found value for ISO type 1 printing density.In order to minimise the impactof the use of half-tone films with clear film densities above this range, agreements between the supplier of colourseparations and the recipient are required. Contacting or duplicating can also be used to bring half-tone films withdissimilar clear film densities into agreement.NOTE 2As a practical guide, a core density of 2,5 above the clear film density will normally be achieved if the density oflarge solid areas is more than 3,5 above the clear film density.NOTE 3If a user wishes to use a blue filter for transmission density measurements, as is the case for type 2 printing density,it is necessary to determine, for the particular film type and processing conditions, the correlation between densities obtainedwith the blue filter and those obtained with an ISO type 1 printing density instrument.NOTE 4With non-periodic screens, a fringe width of not more than 4 µm is reported to give reliable results.SIST ISO 12647-3:2002
© ISOISO 12647-3:1998(E)34.1.2
Screen rulingFor four-colour work, the screen ruling (screen frequency) should be (34 ± 2) cm21 or (40 ± 2) cm21 for offset and(28 ± 2) cm21 or (34 ± 2) cm21 for letterpress.NOTE 1With computer-generated screening, the parameters screen ruling and screen angle may be varied slightly inconjunction, from one process colour to another, in order to minimise moiré patterns
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