ISO/TS 16785:2014

Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) — Interface definition between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices

ISO/TS 16785:2014 defines an application interface between DSRC-based OBE and external in-vehicle devices to make DSRC-OBE applicable for diversified tolling environment.

Perception du télépéage — Définition de l'interface entre l'équipement à bord à communications dédiées à courte portée (DSRC-OBE) et les dispostifs externes embarqués

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 29-Oct-2014
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Oct-2014
• ICS: 03.220.01 - Transport in general
• ICS: 35.240.60 - IT applications in transport
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 204 - Intelligent transport systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 204/WG 5 - Fee and toll collection
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 18-Mar-2020

Relations

• Revised: ISO/TS 16785:2020 - Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) — Application interface definition between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices
• Effective Date: 19-May-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 16785
First edition
2014-11-01
Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) —
Interface definition between DSRC-
OBE and external in-vehicle devices
Perception du télépéage — Définition de l’interface entre
l’équipement à bord à communications dédiées à courte portée
(DSRC-OBE) et les dispostifs externes embarqués
Reference number
ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014

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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions . 3
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 Tolling models with external in-vehicle devices . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Applicable tolling services . 6
5.3 Basic DSRC tolling. 6
5.4 Mobile-assisted DSRC tolling . 7
5.5 Universal tolling . 8
6 Message sets .10
6.1 General .10
6.2 Payment means status .12
6.3 Payment fee .12
6.4 Account update .13
6.5 Compliance checking data (CCCAttributes) .13
6.6 Localization data (LacData) .13
7 Security aspects .13
7.1 General .13
7.2 OBE interface profile .14
Annex A (normative) Data type specification .15
Annex B (normative) Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement proforma .17
Annex C (informative) Mobile-assisted DSRC tolling in Korea .19
Annex D (informative) Other possible tolling models .22
Annex E (informative) Applicable ITS services
.25
Bibliography .30
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Introduction
Background and motivation
With regards to reassessing the present fuel tax schemes to cope with prevailing plug-in hybrid vehicle
and electric vehicle or introducing congestion charging system to urban roads or inter-urban roads etc.,
the needs for expanding toll roads are becoming worthy of notice in the world.
In countries where Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC)-based Electronic Fee Collection (EFC)
systems were introduced for toll roads and have been operated widely, making their EFC equipment
applicable to present non-toll roads, such as urban roads or inter-urban roads, becomes a significant
issue to be considered and solved.
There are three cases of introducing EFC to cope with those situations:
— Case-1: DSRC-based EFC should be introduced to new toll roads, as well as present toll roads.
— Case-2: Autonomous EFC should be introduced to new toll roads and present toll roads as replacing.
— Case-3: DSRC-based EFC should be operated for present toll roads as they are, and autonomous EFC
should be introduced to new toll roads.
In case of both Case-1 and Case-2, necessary interface definitions and test procedures are already covered
by existing EFC standards. However, in Case-3, as shown in Figure 1, current On-Board Equipment (OBE)
used for DSRC-based EFC should be considered to be used for autonomous EFC covering new toll roads
in keeping consistency with present toll roads.
DSRC-OBE should be expanded functionally by cooperating with external in-vehicle devices composed
of a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) module and/or a cellular module and/or other related
modules; therefore, DSRC-OBE is possible to be reused for new EFC environment consisting of DSRC-
based EFC and autonomous systems.
Consequently, an application interface definition between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices is
essential and should be standardized.
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Figure 1 — Image of expanding toll roads and services (Case-3)
Purpose of this Technical Specification
This Technical Specification aims to make it possible for toll road operators to introduce autonomous
systems to present non-toll roads by enhancing the functionalities of DSRC-On-Board Equipment (OBE)
cooperating with external in-vehicle devices.
As listed below, this Technical Specification defines several tolling models, message sets, and data
elements to cope with diversified EFC environment in the main body, as well as data type definition
and Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma defined in Annex A and Annex B
respectively. Finally, applicable ITS-services with cooperation of DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle
devices are listed in Annex E with an example for each of them. This Technical Specification aims at
defining the following:
— tolling models with external in-vehicle devices (in main body);
— definitions of message sets and data elements;
— data type definition and PICS proforma (in Annexes A and B);
— related example and applicable Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services (in Annex E).
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)
Electronic Fee Collection (EFC) — Interface definition
between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices
1 Scope
This Technical Specification defines an application interface between DSRC-based OBE and external in-
vehicle devices to make DSRC-OBE applicable for diversified tolling environment.
The scope of this Technical Specification covers the following items (also shown in Figure 2);
— Definitions of the application interface between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices (including
GNSS, cellular units, CAN interface, etc.).
— Definitions of message sets and data elements on the interface (based on a sets of base standards,
such as ISO 14906:2011, ISO/TS 17575, ISO/TS 13141, ISO/TS 12813, and ISO/TS 25110).
— For use in autonomous EFC systems, as well as DSRC-based EFC.
— For use in diversified tolling environment (in toll roads, inner-urban, inter-urban, etc.).
— For use in every kind of DSRC-OBE (based on CEN, UNI, ARIB, TTA, and GB/T).
The following items are out of the scope for this TS:
— Definitions of hardware in the external in-vehicle devices such as GNSS modules, cellular modules,
mobile devices, smartphones, etc.
— Definitions of physical interface between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices such as USB,
Bluetooth, etc.
— Definition of any ITS service other than EFC.
— Definition of algorithms for authentication, as well as encryption, and key management.
Figure 2 — Scope of this Technical Specification
Applicable DSRC-OBE
When standardizing an application interface between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices,
external in-vehicle devices should be commonly applied for every kind of DSRC-based OBE as shown in
Figure 3.
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

External Devices
(GNSS and/or Cellular)
Standardized Interface
CEN-DSRC UNI-DSRC
Figure 3 — Applicable DSRC-OBE
The solid and proven DSRC technology makes it possible for DSRC-OBE to have long product-life that
enables DSRC-based EFC to be operated still in the future.
On the other hand, each component of external in-vehicle devices has been developed year by year to
cope with user’s demands on high performance, as well as multi-functional devices; therefore, they
have shorter product-life rather than DSRC-OBE. Once an application interface is standardized, DSRC-
OBE can be used continuously for diversified EFC environment with enhanced new external in-vehicle
devices. See Figure 4.
Enhanced
External Devices
New External
Devices
Standardized Interface
Figure 4 — Applicability for future upgrading
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 9798-4:1999, Information technology — Security techniques — Entity authentication — Part 4:
Mechanisms using a cryptographic check function
ISO 14906:2011, Electronic Fee Collection — Application interface definition for dedicated short-range
communication
ISO/TS 17575-1:2010, Electronic Fee Collection — Application interface definition for autonomous
systems — Part 1: Charging
ISO/TS 17575-3:2011, Electronic Fee Collection — Application interface definition for autonomous
systems — Part 3: Context data
ISO/TS 13141:2010, Electronic Fee Collection — Localisation augmentation communication for autonomous
systems
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

ISO/TS 12813:2009, Electronic Fee Collection — Compliance check communication for autonomous systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
access credentials
trusted attestation or secure module that establishes the claimed identity of an object or application
3.2
attribute
addressable package of data consisting of a single data element or structured sequences of data elements
3.3
autonomous systems
one method of EFC that operate without relying on dedicated road-side infrastructure by employing
wide-area technologies such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Cellular Communications
Networks (CN)
3.4
authenticator
data, possibly encrypted, that is used for authentication
3.5
contract
expression of an agreement between two or more parties concerning the use of the road infrastructure
[SOURCE: ISO 14906:2011, 3.7]
3.6
cryptography
principles, means, and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its information content,
prevent its undetected modification, or prevent its unauthorised use
[SOURCE: ISO 7498-2:1989, 3.3.20, modified]
3.7
data group
class of closely related attributes
3.8
external in-vehicle devices
devices such as mobile phones or dedicated units consisting of GNSS and/or cellular modules that are
connected to DSRC-OBE for upgrading the functionalities of it
3.9
issuer
entity responsible for issuing the payment means to the user
3.10
on-board equipment
OBE
equipment located on-board a vehicle including nomadic devices with the function of exchanging
information with external systems
Note 1 to entry: The OBE does not need to include payment means.
[SOURCE: ISO 14906:2011, 3.13]
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

3.11
on-board unit
OBU
minimum component of an on-board equipment [3.10], whose functionality always includes at least the
support of the DSRC interface
[SOURCE: ISO 14906:2011, 3.14]
3.12
roadside equipment
equipment located along the road, either fixed or mobile
3.13
Toll Service Provider
entity providing toll services in one or more toll domains
Note 1 to entry: In other documents, the terms issuer or contract issuer may be used.
Note 2 to entry: The Toll Service Provider may provide the OBE or may provide only a magnetic card or a smart
card to be used with OBE provided by a third party (like a mobile telephone and a SIM card that can be obtained
from different parties).
Note 3 to entry: The Toll Service Provider is responsible for the operation (functioning) of the OBE with respect
to tolling.
[SOURCE: ISO 17573:2010, 3.23, modified]
3.14
transaction
whole of the exchange of information between two physically separated communication facilities
[SOURCE: ISO 14906:2011, 3.24, modified]
3.15
transaction model
functional model describing the structure of electronic payment transactions
[SOURCE: ISO 14906:2011, 3.25]
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purpose of this document, the following abbreviations apply throughout the document unless
otherwise specified.
ADU Application Data Unit
APDU Application Protocol Data Unit
ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Communication standardizing body in Japan)
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ISO/IEC 8824-1)
CAN Controller Area Network
CCC Compliance Check Communication (ISO/TS 12813)
CE Central Equipment
DSRC Dedicated Short-Range communication
EFC Electronic Fee Collection
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

GB/T Guojia Biaozhun/Tuijian (Chinese “Recommended National Standard”)
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems
HMI Human Machine Interface
ICC Integrated Circuit Card
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
LAC Localization Augmentation Communication (ISO/TS 13141)
OBE On-board Equipment
OBU On-board Unit
PMI Payment Means Issuer
PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement
RSE Roadside Equipment
SAM Secure Application Module
TSP Toll Service Provider
TTA Telecommunications Technology Association (Communication standardizing body in Korea)
UNI Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
USB Universal Serial Bus
5 Tolling models with external in-vehicle devices
5.1 General
Multi-functional DSRC-OBE supported with external in-vehicle devices makes current societies smarter
with introduction to diversified EFC environment and further ITS services.
There are two kinds of settlement method in EFC, one is on-board account (settlement) system using
payment media such as IC card and the other is central account (settlement) system not using payment
media. In this Technical Specification, on-board account system in which operational procedure is more
complex than central account system is selected as a basic model for diversified EFC.
In the on-board account system, payment media is normally connected to DSRC-OBE and toll amount
determined by charging transaction processes between DSRC-OBE and RSE is directly deducted from
payment media. On the other hand, payment means can be included in or connected to external in-
vehicle devices such as mobile phones. The latter case is shown in Annex D in which various possible
tolling systems other than those mentioned in this clause are introduced.
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Figure 5 — Connection of payment means (left: in the main body, right: in Annex D)
5.2 Applicable tolling services
Applicable tolling services provided by a combination of DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices are
shown in Table 1. The basic DSRC tolling is the present DSRC tolling service as described in 5.3 and
DSRC-OBE is used as the basic unit for extended tolling services and other ITS services as described
in Annex E. As one of extended tolling services, mobile-assisted DSRC tolling performs auto-loading
function for payment means via cellular networks as described in 5.4.
Universal tolling services both for DSRC tolling and autonomous system described in 5.5 that performed
with DSRC-OBE and connected external in-vehicle devices are composed of a GNSS receiver, a CN device,
and other optional components.
Table 1 — Applicable tolling services with external in-vehicle devices
Tolling services DSRC- Components of external in-vehicle devices References
OBE
GNSS CN HMI Motion Digital CAN bus
tachograph unit
device sensors
1. Basic DSRC tolling M 5.3
2. Mobile-assisted M M 5.4
DSRC tolling
3. Universal tolling M M M M M O O 5.5
M: Mandatory, O: Option
5.3 Basic DSRC tolling
Present DSRC-OBE used for tolling with payment means and its operating environment is shown in
Figure 5. Figure 5 shows prepayment settlement; however, post-payment settlement has the same
environment except for reloading operation.
In case of prepayment settlement, the most inconvenient issue for users is reloading to payment means
by the terminal installed at the toll plaza or service area along toll roads or contracted shops and so on
before payment means getting low balance. See Figure 6.
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Claim/Payment, etc.
Collection Payment
Agent Means Issuer
(Terminal) CE
Payment
Payment
Issue
Claim
Reload
DSRC
Tolling
DSRC-OBE
Payment
Toll Charger
Means
CE
Figure 6 — Basic DSRC tolling
5.4 Mobile-assisted DSRC tolling
5.4.1 Operating environment
An expanded configuration of DSRC-OBE is connected with external in-vehicle devices such as mobile
phones used for auto-reloading into the payment means instead of manually reloading through the
terminal, which is shown in Figure 7.
This service is performed by DSRC-OBE connected with a mobile phone via an interface. In this system,
when the remaining balance in the payment means lowers at the predetermined balance, reload data
are transferred from the payment means issuer to DSRC–OBE through a mobile phone and then the
payment means balance is updated. A detailed description is shown in Annex C.
Collection
Reload data, etc.
Payment
Agent
Means Issuer
(Terminal)
CE
Issue

Payment
External Device
Claim
Interface
DSRC
Tolling
Payment
Toll Charger
Means
Figure 7 — Mobile-assisted DSRC tolling
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

5.4.2 Message flows
Application message sequence between external in-vehicle devices and DSRC-OBE after exchanging
data for connection and security are as follows and general message flows are shown in Figure 8.
a) The payment means status is sent from DSRC-OBE to external in-vehicle devices after exchanging
data for connection and security.
b) If account Status in the payment means status is low or empty, external in-vehicle devices send
Account update request to the payment means issuer through a cellular network.
c) The payment means issuer sends Account update containing the predefined value data to external
in-vehicle devices if User account is valid after checking.
d) External in-vehicle devices send Account update to DSRC-OBE, then DSRC-OBE updates payment
means.
Account update req.
PMI-CE
Account updateres.
External device
Scope of
this Technical
Speciication
DSRC-OBE
Payment
Figure 8 — Message flows for mobile-assisted DSRC tolling
5.5 Universal tolling
5.5.1 Operating environment
The other tolling model in which DSRC-OBE is connected with external in-vehicle devices is Universal
tolling which supports both autonomous system and DSRC tolling as shown in Figure 9. In Universal
tolling, external in-vehicle devices consist of various components listed in Table 1.
The minimum configuration of external in-vehicle devices is composed of a GNSS receiver, a cellular
communication module, and a data processing module. The following components are considered as
optional parts for implementation that depends on the requirements of autonomous system:
a) HMI
b) Motion sensors
c) Digital tachograph
d) CAN bus unit
External in-vehicle devices are connected with the payment means issuer for exchanging reload-related
message and with Toll Service Provider for exchanging autonomous tolling-related message defined by
ISO/TS 17575-1 through cellular networks.
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Payment means status
Account update
Other info.

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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

DSRC-OBE is connected with individual RSEs to communicate transactions for DSRC Tolling, Compliance
Checking, and Localization through DSRC.

Payment
Reload
Positioning
Means Issuer
Signal
External Device
CE
(ref. Table 1)
GNSS
Autonomous
Toll Service
Tolling
Provider
CE
Interface
Localization
RSE (L)
DSRC-OBE
Compliance check
RSE (C)
Toll Charger
CE

DSRC
Tolling
Payment
RSE (T)
RSE(L): RSE for Localization
Means
RSE(C): RSE for Compliance checking
Figure 9 — Universal tolling
5.5.2 Message sequences and flows
Application message flows between external in-vehicle devices and DSRC-OBE after exchanging data for
the initial connection and the authentication are shown in Figure 10. With message exchanges between
DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices, the following processes are executed.
a) Auto-reloading process for payment means
Payment means status
Account update
b) Payment process
Payment fee
c) Compliance check process
Compliance check data (C.C data)
d) Localization process
Localization data (LAC data)
e) HMI process etc.
Others
Message exchanges between external in-vehicle devices and the payment means issuer are Account
update request and response relating with Auto-reloading of payment means. Message exchanges
between external in-vehicle devices and the Toll Service Provider are Charge report and Context data
defined by ISO/TS 17575-3.
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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Account update req.
PMI-CE
Account update
External Device
Charge report
Charge report res.
TSP- CE
Context data & res.
Deined by
ISO 17575-3
Scope of
this Technical
Speciication
DSRC-OBE
Payment
Means
Figure 10 — Message flows for Universal tolling
6 Message sets
6.1 General
Message sets exchanged on the interface between DSRC-OBE and external in-vehicle devices are listed
in Table 2 and each data element id defined in the latter sub-clauses.
Table 2 — Message sets
Message sets Description References
Name Data elements
1. Payment means paymentMode Defines payment mode of payment Newly defined
status means
accountStatus Indicates card status such as positive ISO/TS 17575-1
value for tolling or not, and other
information
paymentMeansBalance Indicates balance (value) data of ISO 14906:2011
payment means
(valueData)
paymentMeans Defines the characteristics of pay- ISO 14906:2011
ment means.
2. Payment fee paymentFeeAmount Defines the value of the fee being ISO 14906:2011
charged for the service.
paymentFeeUnit Defines the unit in which the fee is ISO 14906:2011
expressed.
3. Account update reloadAccount Instructs the OBE application to ISO/TS 17575-1
either top up the respective type of
account with a predefined value or
not.
setAccount Sets a specific value to the account. ISO/TS 17575-1
addToAccount Adds a specific value to the account ISO/TS 17575-1
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Payment means status
Account update
Payment fee
C.C data
LAC Data
Others

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ISO/TS 16785:2014(E)

Table 2 (continued)
Message sets Description References
Name Data elements
4. Compliance check- timeOfCCCRecord The time at which CCC transaction ISO/TS 17575-1
ing data occurred.
(CCCAttributes)
axlesHistory Used to check if the change of the ISO/TS 12813
declared number of axles occurred
during the trip, e.g. just before a CCC.
communicationStatus Used to check if the toll data commu- ISO/TS 12813
nication is operational (not tampered
wi
...