ISO 22315:2014
(Main)Societal security — Mass evacuation — Guidelines for planning
Societal security — Mass evacuation — Guidelines for planning
ISO 22315:2014 provides guidelines for mass evacuation planning in terms of establishing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, reviewing, and improving preparedness. It establishes a framework for each activity in mass evacuation planning for all identified hazards. It will help organizations to develop plans that are evidence-based and that can be evaluated for effectiveness. ISO 22315:2014 is intended for use by organizations with responsibility for, or involvement in, part or all of the planning for mass evacuation. It is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations that are involved in the planning for mass evacuation, such as local, regional, and national governments; statutory bodies; international and non-governmental organizations; businesses; and public and social groups. ISO 22315:2014 covers planning for mass evacuation in order to gain a more effective response during the actual evacuation. It will assist organizations to meet their obligation of saving human life and reducing suffering. ISO 22315:2014 does not cover activities to stabilize the affected area after an evacuation, protect property, and preserve the environment.
Sécurité sociétale — Évacuation de masse — Lignes directrices pour la planification
La présente Norme internationale fournit des lignes directrices pour la planification d'une évacuation de masse en termes d'élaboration, de mise en œuvre, de contrôle, d'évaluation, de revue et d'amélioration de la préparation. Elle établit un cadre pour chacune des activités de planification d'une évacuation de masse pour tous les dangers identifiés. Elle aidera les organismes à élaborer des plans étayés par des preuves scientifiques et dont l'efficacité peut être évaluée. La présente Norme internationale est destinée à être utilisée par les organismes chargés de, ou participant à, tout ou partie de la planification d'une évacuation de masse. Elle est applicable à tous les types et toutes les tailles d'organismes impliqués dans la planification de l'évacuation de masse, tels que les autorités locales, régionales et nationales, les organes statutaires, les organisations internationales et non gouvernementales, les entreprises, ainsi que les groupes publics et sociaux. La présente Norme internationale couvre la planification en vue d'une évacuation de masse afin de permettre une réponse plus efficace durant l'évacuation elle-même. Elle aidera les organismes à répondre à leur obligation de préservation des vies humaines et de réduction des souffrances. La présente Norme internationale ne couvre pas les activités destinées à stabiliser la zone affectée après une évacuation, à protéger les biens et à préserver l'environnement.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22315
First edition
2014-12-01
Societal security — Mass evacuation
— Guidelines for planning
Sécurité sociétale — Évacuation de masse — Lignes directrices pour
la planification
Reference number
ISO 22315:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 22315:2014(E)
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© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General aspects for mass evacuation planning . 2
4.1 Introduction . 2
4.2 Risk assessment . 2
4.3 Compliance with legislation and policies . 3
4.4 Information gathering and analysis . 3
4.5 Planning operational resource allocation . 4
4.6 Planning and documenting processes . 4
4.7 Effective multi-agency partnering arrangements . 4
4.8 Training and exercising . 5
5 Prepare the public for mass evacuation. 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Identify how the public can prepare for mass evacuation . 6
5.3 Use research findings when developing plans . 7
5.4 Identify key characteristics of the population . 7
5.5 Evaluate each identified social group . 8
5.6 Introduce products, services, and activities which improve preparedness . 8
5.7 Reduce barriers to preparing for mass evacuation . 8
6 Visualize the areas that are at risk or affected . 9
6.1 General . 9
6.2 Map data about the area that is at risk or affected . 9
6.3 Types of information to capture on maps.10
6.4 Ensure the compatibility of data to build maps .10
7 Make the evacuation decision .10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Develop an evacuation decision-making process .11
7.2.1 Evacuation activation points .11
7.3 Use evacuation objectives .11
7.4 Resolve conflicting evacuation objectives .12
7.5 Identify information needed to order an evacuation .13
7.6 Ensure that decision-makers have access to needed information .13
7.7 Identify factors that drive decisions for specific risks .13
7.8 Developing a system to track and log decisions made.13
8 Public warning .14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Systems to warn and inform the public .14
8.3 Promote a community-based warning system .14
8.4 Protocols for communication with various stakeholders .15
8.4.1 The public .15
8.4.2 Special facilities.16
8.5 Design and test a template for the warning message .16
8.6 Analyse the anticipated time to warn the public .17
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
9 Analyse evacuee movement .17
9.1 General .17
9.2 Understand potential population movement .17
9.3 Understand evacuees’ transportation behaviour .18
9.4 Identify demand and availability of the transport network .18
9.5 Identify transport performance measures and targets .19
9.6 Analyse transport strategies and policies .19
9.7 Communicate transport information to the public .20
10 Assess evacuee shelter requirements .20
10.1 General .20
10.2 Estimate shelter demand .20
10.3 Identify suitable shelters .21
10.4 Establish shelter agreements .21
10.5 Analyse shelter availability during the incident .21
10.6 Manage evacuee registration and support services .22
10.7 Organize shelter supplies and mutual aid .22
10.8 Develop a safe return plan .22
11 Evaluate and continually improve .23
Bibliography .24
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 223, Societal security.
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
Introduction
This International Standard provides guidance on planning for mass evacuation. An evacuation in
response to a risk or threat is the movement of people from a designated area. In this context a mass
evacuation is characterized by the need for multi-agency collaboration and resources. Typically this
involves a larger number of people or wider area at risk. It is difficult to define mass evacuation in terms
of numbers or scale because disasters, communities and responder capabilities differ. However, it can
be considered in terms of the number of evacuees exceeding an everyday scale of response such as the
evacuation of a city, region or large populated area.
The need for evacuation can arise from naturally occurring events, human induced events (both
intentional and unintentional) and events caused by technological failures. Some events require an
immediate evacuation while others give advanced warning.
Effective planning is important to help save human life and reduce suffering. Planning helps to deliver
an effective response and is part of emergency management. This International Standard provides
guidance for developing mass evacuation plans, supporting decision-making, increasing the potential
for an effective response, and strengthening preparedness of the public and organizations. It also
recognizes that there are barriers that could hinder people from evacuating, such as concern for pets,
valuable possessions or items that sustain livelihoods.
This International Standard is intended for use by those responsible for establishing mass evacuation
plans as well as preparing locations to receive evacuees on a mass scale. It includes the following eight
activities that also provide the structure to the eight clauses in this International Standard (Clauses 4 to
11), the order of which does not necessarily suggest a sequence.
Table 1 — Clauses 4-11 in this International Standard
General aspects for mass evacuation planning (Clause 4)
Prepare Visualize the Make the Public Analyse Assess Evaluate and
the public areas that evacuation warning evacuee evacuee continually
for mass are at risk decision (Clause 8) movement shelter improve
evacuation or affected (Clause 7) (Clause 9) requirements (Clause 11)
(Clause 5) (Clause 6) (Clause 10)
Table 1 illustrates that there are some general aspects for mass evacuation planning (Clause 4) (for
example, risk assessment and exercising) and these support the provisions contained in Clauses 5 to 11.
A plan to prepare the public to react effectively (Clause 5) and a plan to understand and visualize an area
at risk and/or an affected area (Clause 6) provide decision-makers with information to enable them to
decide whether to call for an evacuation. A plan to make the decision to call for an evacuation (Clause 7)
aims to ensure that the decision-making process, objectives and participants are appropriate. A plan to
warn the public of the need to react as advised (Clause 8) considers protocols for communication and
community-based warning systems. Plans also consider the analysis of evacuee movement to an area of
safety (Clause 9), for example, to understand transportation needs, demands and availability. Plans also
aim to assess evacuee shelter requirements (Clause 10). For example, they can identify the demand for
shelters and establish agreements to provide shelters. A plan for evaluating and continually improving
evacuation plans (Clause 11) concludes this International Standard.
While this International Standard recognizes the importance of stabilizing the affected area after an
evacuation, as well as the importance of protecting property and preserving the environment, these
aspects are not its main focus.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22315:2014(E)
Societal security — Mass evacuation — Guidelines for
planning
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidelines for mass evacuation planning in terms of establishing,
implementing, monitoring, evaluating, reviewing and improving preparedness. It establishes a
framework for each activity in mass evacuation planning for all identified hazards. It will help
organizations to develop plans that are evidence-based and that can be evaluated for their effectiveness.
This International Standard is intended for use by organizations with responsibility for, or involvement in,
part or all of the planning for mass evacuation. It is applicable to all types and sizes of organizations that are
involved in the planning for mass evacuation, such as local, regional, and national governments; statutory
bodies; international and non-governmental organizations; businesses; and public and social groups.
This International Standard covers planning for mass evacuation in order to gain a more effective
response during the actual evacuation. It will assist organizations to meet their obligation of saving
human life and reducing suffering.
This International Standard does not cover activities to stabilize the affected area after an evacuation,
protect property and preserve the environment.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22300, Societal security — Terminology
ISO 22320, Societal security — Emergency management — Requirements for incident response
ISO 22322, Societal Security — Emergency management — Public warning
ISO 22398, Societal security — Guidelines for exercises
ISO 31000, Risk management — Principles and guidelines
ISO/IEC 31010, Risk management — Risk assessment techniques
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 22300 and the following apply:
3.1
incident management system
system that defines the roles and responsibilities of personnel and the operating procedures to be used
in the management of incidents
3.2
preparedness
knowledge and capacities developed to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impact
of likely imminent or current hazard events or conditions
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
3.3
community-based warning system
method to communicate information to the public through established networks
3.4
area at risk
location that could be affected by a disaster
Note 1 to entry: The term is more relevant to preventative evacuations
3.5
affected area
location that has been impacted by a disaster
Note 1 to entry: The term is more relevant to immediate evacuations
4 General aspects for mass evacuation planning
4.1 Introduction
The organization should develop, implement and document transparent decision-making processes,
some of which are common across all activities for mass evacuation planning. Clause 4 details planning
issues which are common across Clauses 5 to 11, including:
— risk assessment (4.2);
— compliance with legislations and policies (4.3);
— information gathering and analysis (4.4);
— planning operational resource allocation (4.5);
— planning and documenting processes (4.6);
— effective multi-agency partnering arrangements (4.7);
— training and exercising (4.8).
4.2 Risk assessment
The organization should develop processes for risk management which includes performing a risk
assessment in accordance with ISO 31000 and ISO/IEC 31010. The risk assessments should be:
— strategic (determining the risks associated with when to order an evacuation) or tactical (deciding
to evacuate an area with a high proportion of vulnerable people, thereby creating a higher risk of
being unable to evacuate them in time);
— conducted for specific locations (including the shelter area);
— conducted for known risks and their different evacuation scenarios;
— conducted before, during and after an evacuation to understand how the situation changes over
time in terms of the hazard, population, infrastructure and transportation;
— used to influence resource management and the evacuation response;
— updated during an incident as new data are received from different sources.
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
4.3 Compliance with legislation and policies
The organization should be aware of all applicable legislation and relevant policies and develop plans for
mass evacuation that are consistent with their requirements.
The organization should use applicable legislation and policies operating at international, national,
regional and local levels. These should:
— be used to plan for mass evacuation and inform the plans, activities, decisions and models developed;
— be consulted to understand what can and cannot be done to protect the public;
— consider situations where people decide not to evacuate and to determine the risks;
— consider the responsibilities of different organizations during a mass evacuation and the regulations
that govern these organizations;
— be used to document and demonstrate how to limit the organization’s liability and the damage to
its reputation;
— be monitored regularly as part of the planning process to identify changes that could affect the
mass evacuation plan.
4.4 Information gathering and analysis
The organization should gather information from multiple sources of planning information and consider
the value of each aspect. The information gathered should include the following:
— the demographics of people in an area at risk;
— the proportion of people who would take their own evacuation transport;
— the people who would use evacuation shelters.
The organization should assess the quality of information gathered, determine its reliability and
potential long and short-term consequences, and its influence on the evacuation decision, using the
following criteria:
— the frequency with which the information is updated;
— the source of the information;
— the methods used to gather the information;
— the level of detail available in the information.
The organization should assess the reliability and credibility of information in accordance with the
procedure in ISO 22320.
The organization should use existing or new research information to enable an evidence-based approach
to mass evacuation planning. Sources of existing research can include the following:
— academic research;
— pre-evacuation and post-evacuation surveys;
— practitioner reports;
— post-disaster reports;
— post-exercise reports;
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
— publications and websites from past projects, research and professional and government
organizations.
New research can provide situation-specific information to support evidence-based plans and decisions.
The organization and partnering organizations should use reasonable and worst-case scenario
simulations to analyse information to understand what might happen when assumptions about a
disaster change.
The organization should permit direct access to simulation models in order to update the assumptions
and information and re-run scenarios.
4.5 Planning operational resource allocation
The organization should consider during the preparation phase what constitutes an appropriate
response and what human and technical resources should be available both in the evacuation area and
the areas that could receive evacuees.
The organization should identify the resources required to assist the evacuation. For example:
— personnel and their capabilities;
— logistics and equipment capabilities;
— transportation;
— shelter provision.
The organization should conduct a rapid needs assessment and prioritization in the response phase to
determine what resources are required to adequately support a mass evacuation.
4.6 Planning and documenting processes
The organization should establish a formal process to set operational targets and measure their
achievement in response to an evacuation order.
The process should be included in the formal plans and integrated with contingency plans. Formal plans
should include the following:
— a documented strategy to disseminate a warning message;
— ways to prepare organizations that manage evacuations and prepare the public;
— planning processes and procedures integrated into the organization’s management system so that
plans are regularly reviewed and updated.
Organizations and partnering organizations should become familiar with each other’s plans, identify
any conflicts, understand how the plans relate and interact and provide for an integrated response.
4.7 Effective multi-agency partnering arrangements
The organization should identify other organizations and groups to participate in a multi-agency
partnership. The multi-agency partnership should specify the delegation of authority to improve the
breadth, depth and efficiency of the planning process and reduce barriers to collaboration when a multi-
agency response is required. Engagement can take the form of consultation, participation and support.
Partnering organizations can include the following:
— fire, police and paramedic services as well as other emergency response departments;
— military services;
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ISO 22315:2014(E)
— critical infrastructure facilities (in the area at risk and the surrounding regions);
— environmental and local government officials;
— domain experts, such as nuclear experts and seismologists;
— non-governmental organizations;
— local media and communications;
— representatives of the population (see Table 2).
Effective multi-agency partnering arrangements should include the following:
— designation of a lead organization allowing the partners to speak with a consistent voice;
— an incident management system;
— terms of reference, roles and responsibilities, a planning process and a mechanism for resolving
conflicts among the partnering organizations;
— coordination of mass evacuation planning;
— options for mutual aid;
— regular multi-agency meetings to discuss plans and share good practice;
— periodic review of the partnership and plans to confirm the effectiveness of the partnership and to
identify additional planning needs and new partners.
Each organization in the multi-agency partnership should have the ability to independently analyse
received data to address their specific questions.
The organization should establish partnering arrangements in accordance with the procedure in ISO 22397.
4.8 Training and exercising
The organization should make training and exercising an integral component of the planning process.
Training and exercises should include opportunities to:
— practice communication procedures;
— measure operational capabilities;
— test equipment such as decontamination systems;
— train new staff;
— coordinate with non-governmental
...
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 22315
ISO/TC 223 Secretariat: SIS
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2013-08-23 2013-11-23
Societal security — Mass evacuation — Guidelines for
planning
Sécurité sociétale — Évacuation de masse
ICS: 03.100.01
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 22315:2013(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
©
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2013
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ISO/DIS 22315:2013(E)
Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as
permitted under the applicable laws of the user’s country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract
from it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
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ISO/CD 22315
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 General aspects for mass evacuation planning . 4
4.1 Introduction . 4
4.2 Risk assessment . 4
4.3 Compliance with legislation and policies . 5
4.4 Information gathering and analysis . 5
4.4.1 Assess the quality of information . 5
4.4.2 Evidence-based analysis for planning . 5
4.5 Planning operational resource allocation . 6
4.6 Planning and documenting processes . 6
4.7 Effective multi-agency partnering arrangements . 6
4.8 Training and exercising . 7
4.9 Evaluation and improvement . 7
5 Prepare the public to react appropriately . 8
5.1 Introduction . 8
5.2 Identify how the public can prepare for mass evacuation . 8
5.3 Use research findings when developing plans . 8
5.4 Identify key characteristics of the population . 9
5.4.1 General . 9
5.4.2 Identify population characteristics . 9
5.4.3 Evaluate each identified social group . 10
5.5 Introduce products, services and activities which improve preparedness . 10
5.6 Reduce barriers to preparing for mass evacuation . 10
5.7 Disseminate information to social groups . 11
5.7.1 General . 11
5.7.2 Evaluate communication systems . 11
5.7.3 Content of the message . 11
6 Understand and visualize the affected area . 11
6.1 Introduction . 11
6.2 Map data about the area that is at risk . 12
6.2.1 Mapping / visualization tools. 12
6.2.2 Types of information to capture on maps . 12
6.3 Use visualized data and maps to understand an area at risk . 12
6.3.1 Identify data to visualize on maps . 12
6.3.2 Maps to visualize an area that is at risk . 13
6.3.3 Identify data needed to build maps . 13
6.4 Ensure the compatibility of data to build maps . 13
7 Planning to make the evacuation decision . 13
7.1 Introduction . 13
7.2 Develop an evacuation decision-making process . 14
7.2.1 Decision-makers . 14
7.2.2 Decision-making process . 14
7.2.3 Evacuation activation points . 14
7.3 Use evacuation objectives. 14
7.3.1 Identify evacuation objectives . 14
7.3.2 Resolve conflicting evacuation objectives . 15
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ISO/CD 22315
7.4 Measure evacuation objectives . 15
7.4.1 Data gathering . 15
7.4.2 Research and measure objectives . 16
7.5 Identify the information needed to make the decision to order an evacuation . 16
7.6 Establish clear communications between information-producing organizations and
decision-makers. 16
7.7 Factors that drive decisions for specific risks . 16
7.8 Systems to track and log decisions made . 17
8 Public warning . 17
8.1 Introduction . 17
8.2 Systems to warn and inform the public . 17
8.3 Promote a community-based warning system . 17
8.4 Protocols for communication with various stakeholders . 18
8.4.1 The public . 18
8.4.2 Special facilities . 18
8.5 Design and test a template for the warning message. 18
8.6 Analyse the anticipated time to warn the public . 19
9 Analyse evacuee movement . 19
9.1 Introduction . 19
9.2 Understand evacuees’ transportation behaviour . 19
9.3 Identify demand and availability of the transport network . 20
9.4 Identify transport performance measures and targets . 20
9.5 Analyse transport strategies and policies . 21
9.6 Communicate transport information to the public . 21
10 Assess evacuee shelter requirements . 21
10.1 Introduction . 21
10.2 Estimate shelter demand . 22
10.3 Identify suitable shelters . 22
10.4 Establish shelter agreements . 22
10.5 Analyse shelter availability during the incident . 22
10.6 Manage evacuee registration and support services . 23
10.7 Organize shelter supplies and mutual aid . 23
10.8 Develop a safe return plan . 23
11 Evaluation and continual improvement. 23
Bibliography . 25
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ISO/CD 22315
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22315 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 223, Societal security.
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ISO/CD 22315
Introduction
This International Standard provides guidance on planning for mass evacuation. An evacuation in response to
a risk or threat is the movement of people from a designated area. In this context, a mass evacuation is
characterized by the need for multi-agency collaboration and resources. Typically, this involves a larger
number of people or wider area being at risk. It‘s difficult to define mass evacuation in terms of numbers or
scale because disasters, communities and responder capabilities differ. However, it can be considered in
terms of the number of evacuees exceeding an everyday scale of response.
The need for evacuation can arise from naturally occurring events, human induced events (both intentional
and unintentional) and events cause by technology. Some events require an immediate or spontaneous
evacuation while others provide advanced warning.
Effective planning is important to help to save human life and reduce suffering. Planning helps to deliver an
effective response and is part of emergency management. This document provides guidance for developing
mass evacuation plans, supporting decision-making, increasing the potential for an effective response, and
strengthening preparedness of the public and organizations. It also recognizes that there are barriers that
could hinder people from evacuating such as: concern for pets, valuable possessions, or items that sustain
livelihoods.
This International Standard is intended for use by those responsible for establishing mass evacuation plans as
well as preparing locations to receive evacuees on a mass scale. It includes the following eight activities and
these provide the structure to the eight clauses in this International Standard (Clauses 4–11).
Figure 1 – The structure of this International Standard
This figure illustrates that there are some general aspects for mass evacuation planning (Clause 4) (for
example, risk assessment and training/exercising) and these support the provisions contained in Clauses 5–
11. A plan to prepare the public to react effectively (Clause 5) and a plan to understand and visualize an area
(Clause 6) provide decision-makers with the information about an area that is at risk and enable them to
decide whether to call an evacuation. A plan to make the decision to call an evacuation (Clause 7) aims to
ensure that the decision-making process, objectives and participants are appropriate. A plan to alert the public
of the need to react as advised (Clause 8) considers protocols for communication and community-based
warning systems. Plans also consider the analysis of evacuee movement from an area that is at risk to an
area of safety (Clause 9), for example, to understand transportation needs, demands and availability. Plans
also aim to assess evacuee shelter requirements (Clause 10). For example, they can identify the demand for
shelters and establish agreements to provide shelters. A plan for evaluating and continually improving
evacuation plans (Clause 11) concludes this International Standard.
While this International Standard recognizes the importance of stabilizing the affected area after an
evacuation, as well as the importance of protecting property and preserving the environment, these aspects
are not its main focus.
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COMMITTEE DRAFT ISO/CD 22315
Societal security — Mass evacuation — Guidelines for planning
1 Scope
This International Standard provides guidelines for planning for mass evacuation for each aspect of
establishing, implementing, monitoring, evaluating, reviewing and improving preparedness. It is applicable to
all types and sizes of organizations, such as local, regional, and national governments; statutory bodies;
international and non-governmental organizations; businesses; and public and social groups.
This International Standard is intended for use by organizations with responsibility for, or involvement in, part
or all of the planning for mass evacuation. It establishes a framework for each activity in mass evacuation
planning for all-hazards. It aims to help organizations to develop plans that are evidence-based and that can
be evaluated for effectiveness.
This International Standard covers planning for mass evacuation in order to gain a more effective response
during the actual evacuation. It aims to support organizations to meet their obligation of saving human life and
reducing suffering.
This International Standard does not cover activities to stabilize the affected area after an evacuation; protect
property; and preserve the environment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
There are no normative references. This clause is inserted to preserve the ISO clause numbering.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
all-hazards
naturally occurring events, human induced events (both intentional and unintentional) and technology caused
events with potential impact on an organization (2.2.9), community or society and the environment on which it
depends
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.2
command and control
activities of target oriented decision-making, situation assessment, planning, implementing decisions and
controlling the effects of implementation on the incident (2.1.15)
NOTE These activities are continuously repeated.
[SOURCE: ISO 22320]
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ISO/CD 22315
3.3
coordination
way in which different organizations (3.11) or parts of the same organization work or act together in order to
achieve a common objective
[SOURCE: ISO 22320]
NOTE 1 Coordination integrates the individual response activities of involved parties (including e.g. public or private
organizations and government) to achieve synergy to the extent that the incident response has a unified objective and
coordinates activities through transparent information sharing regarding their respective incident response activities.
NOTE 2 All organizations are involved in the process to agree on a common incident response objective and accept to
implement the strategies by this consensus decision-making process.
3.4
disaster
situation where widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses have occurred which
exceeded the ability of the affected organization (3.7), community or society to respond and recover using its
own resources
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.5
event
occurrence or change of a particular set of circumstances
NOTE 1 An event can be one or more occurrences, and can have several causes.
NOTE 2 An event can consist of something not happening.
NOTE 3 An event can sometimes be referred to as an ’incident’ or ’accident’.
NOTE 4 An event without consequences can also be referred to as a ’near miss’, ’incident’, ’near hit’ or
’close call’.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.6
exercises
process to train for, assess, practice, and improve performance in an organization
NOTE 1 Exercises can be used for: validating policies, plans, procedures, training, equipment, and inter-organizational
agreements; clarifying and training personnel in roles and responsibilities; improving inter-organizational coordination and
communications; identifying gaps in resources; improving individual performance and identifying opportunities for
improvement; and a controlled opportunity to practice improvisation.
NOTE 2 A test is a unique and particular type of exercise, which incorporates an expectation of a pass or fail
element within the goal or objectives of the exercise being planned.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.7
geographical information system (GIS)
system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyse, manage, and present all types of geographical data.
3.8
hazard
source of potential harm
NOTE A hazard can be a risk source.
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[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.9
incident management system
system that defines the roles and responsibilities of personnel and the operating procedures to be used in the
management of incidents
3.10
organization
person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to
achieve its objectives
NOTE The concept of organization includes, but is not limited to sole-trader, company, corporation, firm, enterprise,
authority, partnership, charity or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private.
[SOURCE : ISO 22300]
3.11
partnership
organized relationship between two bodies (public-public, private-public, private-private) which establishes the
scope, roles, procedures and tools to prevent and manage any incident (2.1.15) impacting on societal security
(2.1.1) with respect to related laws
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.12
preparedness
knowledge and capacities developed to effectively anticipate, respond to and recover from the impact of likely
imminent or current hazard events or conditions
3.13
process
set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs
[SOURCE : ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 – Consolidated ISO Supplement – Procedures specific to ISO]
3.14
risk
effect of uncertainty on objectives
NOTE 1 An effect is a deviation from the expected: positive and/or negative.
NOTE 2 Objectives can have different aspects (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can
apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product and process).
NOTE 3 Risk is often characterized by reference to potential events, and consequences, or a combination of these.
NOTE 4 Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in
circumstances) and the associated likelihood of occurrence.
NOTE 5 Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an
event, its consequence, or likelihood.
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.15
risk assessment
overall process of risk identification, risk analysis, and risk evaluation
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
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3.16
training
activities designed to facilitate the learning and development of knowledge, skills, and abilities, and to improve
the performance of specific tasks or roles
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
3.17
vulnerability
intrinsic properties of something resulting in susceptibility to a risk source that can lead to an event with a
consequence (2.1.9)
[SOURCE: ISO 22300]
4 General aspects for mass evacuation planning
4.1 Introduction
There are many common tasks that should be considered when planning for different activities in mass
evacuation. For example, there’s a need to ensure that transparent decision-making processes are
documented across all activities. Also, plans to train and exercise particular roles, responsibilities and
responses that can help prepare organizations and their partners is important. Clause 4 details planning
issues which are common across Clauses 5–11, and include:
Risk assessment (4.2);
Compliance with legislations and policies (4.3);
Information gathering and analysis (4.4);
Planning operational resource allocation (4.5)
Planning and documenting (4.6);
Effective multi-agency partnering arrangements (4.7);
Training and exercising (4.8); and
Evaluation and improvement (4.9).
4.2 Risk assessment
In the context of mass evacuation, organizations should have clear processes for risk management. This
should involve conducting a risk assessment.
Risk assessments can be strategic (determining the risks associated with when to order an evacuation) or
tactical (deciding to evacuate an area with a high proportion of vulnerable people thereby creating a higher
risk of being unable to evacuate them in time). Risk assessments should be conducted for specific locations
and the risks that are known from all-hazards. This enables risk assessments to be conducted for different
evacuation scenarios.
Risk assessments can be conducted before, during and after an evacuation in order to understand how the
situation changes over time in terms of the hazard, population, infrastructure and transportation. Risk
assessments can influence resource management and the evacuation response. They should be updated
during an incident as new data are received from different sources.
A risk assessment as specified in ISO 31000:2009 and also in ISO/IEC 31010:2009 should be conducted as
part of the planning for mass evacuation.
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4.3 Compliance with legislation and policies
The plans, activities, decisions and models that are used to plan for mass evacuation should be informed by
and conform to the legislations and policies operating at international, national, regional, and local levels.
Applicable legislation and policies should be consulted when developing plans to understand what can and
cannot be done to protect the public. Consideration should be given to situations where people decide not to
evacuate and the risks this poses to evacuation personnel. Consideration should also be given to the
responsibilities of different organizations during a mass evacuation and the regulations that govern these
organizations.
Documenting evidence that show attention to these matters could limit the organization’s liability and the
damage to its reputation.
Different levels of legislation, policies and guidance should be regularly monitored a
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 22315
Première édition
2014-12-01
Sécurité sociétale — Évacuation de
masse — Lignes directrices pour la
planification
Societal security — Mass evacuation — Guidelines for planning
Numéro de référence
ISO 22315:2014(F)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
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Publié en Suisse
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction .vi
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Aspects généraux relatifs à la planification d'une évacuation de masse .2
4.1 Introduction . 2
4.2 Évaluation des risques. 2
4.3 Conformité avec la législation et les politiques . . 3
4.4 Collecte et analyse d'informations . 3
4.5 Planification de l'allocation des ressources opérationnelles . 4
4.6 Processus de planification et de documentation . 4
4.7 Accords de partenariat multiorganisme efficaces . 5
4.8 Formation et exercices . 5
5 Préparer la population à une évacuation de masse . 6
5.1 Généralités . 6
5.2 Identifier comment la population peut se préparer en vue d'une évacuation de masse . 7
5.3 Utiliser les résultats issus de la recherche lors de l'élaboration des plans . 7
5.4 Identifier les caractéristiques clés de la population . 7
5.5 Évaluer chaque groupe social identifié . 8
5.6 Mettre en place des produits, des services et des activités qui améliorent la préparation . 9
5.7 Réduire les obstacles à la préparation de l'évacuation de masse . 9
6 Visualiser les zones qui sont à risque ou affectées . 9
6.1 Généralités . 9
6.2 Cartographier les données relatives à la zone qui est à risque ou affectée .10
6.3 Types d'informations devant figurer sur les cartes .11
6.4 Garantir la compatibilité des données pour la conception de cartes.11
7 Prendre la décision de l'évacuation .11
7.1 Généralités .11
7.2 Élaborer un processus décisionnel d'évacuation .12
7.2.1 Points d'activation d'une évacuation .12
7.3 Utiliser des objectifs d'évacuation .12
7.4 Résoudre les objectifs d'évacuation contradictoires .13
7.5 Identifier les informations nécessaires au lancement de l'ordre d'évacuation .14
7.6 Garantir que les décideurs ont accès aux informations nécessaires .14
7.7 Identifier les facteurs qui régissent les décisions relatives à des risques spécifiques .14
7.8 Mettre au point un système permettant de suivre et de consigner les décisions prises .15
8 Alerter la population .15
8.1 Généralités .15
8.2 Systèmes permettant d'alerter et d'informer la population .15
8.3 Promouvoir un système d'alerte communautaire .16
8.4 Protocoles de communication avec les diverses parties prenantes .17
8.4.1 La population .17
8.4.2 Installations spécifiques .17
8.5 Conception et test d'un modèle de message d'alerte .17
8.6 Analyser le délai d'anticipation pour alerter la population .18
9 Analyser les déplacements des personnes évacuées .19
9.1 Généralités .19
9.2 Comprendre les déplacements possibles de la population .19
9.3 Comprendre les habitudes de transport des personnes évacuées .19
9.4 Identifier la demande et la disponibilité des réseaux de transport .20
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
9.5 Identifier les mesures et les objectifs en matière de performance des transports .21
9.6 Analyser les politiques et stratégies de transport .21
9.7 Communiquer les informations relatives aux transports auprès de la population .22
10 Évaluer les besoins en hébergement des personnes évacuées .22
10.1 Généralités .22
10.2 Estimer les besoins en hébergement .22
10.3 Identifier les hébergements adéquats .23
10.4 Conclure des accords relatifs aux hébergements .23
10.5 Analyser la disponibilité des hébergements durant l'incident .23
10.6 Gérer les services d'enregistrement des personnes évacuées et les services d'assistance 24
10.7 Organiser le ravitaillement et l'aide mutuelle .24
10.8 Élaborer un plan de retour sûr.25
11 Évaluer et améliorer de façon continue .25
Bibliographie .26
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux.
L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d'approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/directives).
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l'élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l'Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l'ISO (voir www .iso .org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l'intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l'ISO liés à
l'évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l'adhésion de l'ISO aux principes
de l'OMC concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: Avant-propos —
Informations supplémentaires.
Le comité chargé de l’élaboration du présent document est l'ISO/TC 223, Sécurité sociétale.
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
Introduction
La présente Norme internationale fournit des préconisations relatives à la planification en vue
d'une évacuation de masse. Une évacuation en réponse à un risque ou à une menace correspond au
déplacement des personnes se trouvant dans une zone désignée. Dans ce contexte, une évacuation
de masse se caractérise par la nécessité d'une collaboration et de ressources multiorganismes. Cela
implique en général un nombre plus élevé de personnes ou une zone à risque plus étendue. Il est
difficile de définir l'évacuation de masse en termes de nombre ou d'échelle, car les catastrophes, les
communautés et les capacités des intervenants varient. Elle peut cependant être envisagée en termes
de nombre de personnes évacuées dépassant une échelle de réponse quotidienne, telle que l'évacuation
d'une ville, d'une région ou d'une grande zone peuplée.
La nécessité d'une évacuation peut découler d'événements naturels, d'événements induits par l'homme
(intentionnels ou non) et d'événements provoqués par des défaillances techniques. Certains événements
exigent une évacuation immédiate tandis que d'autres nécessitent une alerte préalable.
Une planification efficace est importante pour aider à sauver des vies humaines et à réduire les
souffrances. Une planification aide à fournir une réponse efficace et fait partie de la gestion des
situations d'urgence. La présente Norme internationale fournit des préconisations pour l'élaboration
de plans d'évacuation de masse, le soutien à la prise de décisions, l'augmentation de la probabilité
d'une réponse efficace, et le renforcement de la préparation de la population et des organismes. Elle
reconnaît également qu'il existe des obstacles qui pourraient empêcher des personnes de procéder à
une évacuation, tels que l'importance accordée aux animaux de compagnie, aux objets de valeur ou aux
moyens de subsistance.
La présente Norme internationale est destinée à être utilisée par les personnes chargées d'élaborer
des plans d'évacuation de masse et de préparer les sites permettant d'accueillir les personnes évacuées
à grande échelle. Elle inclut les huit activités suivantes qui fournissent également la structure des
huit articles de la présente Norme internationale (Articles 4 à 11), dont la liste ne sous-entend pas
nécessairement un ordre.
Tableau 1 — Articles 4 à 11 de la présente Norme internationale
Aspects généraux relatifs à la planification d'une évacuation de masse (Article 4)
Préparer la Visualiser Prendre la Alerter la Analyser les Évaluer les Évaluer et
population à les zones qui décision de population déplacements besoins en améliorer de
une évacua- sont à risque l'évacuation (Article 8) des personnes hébergement façon continue
tion de masse ou affectées (Article 7) évacuées des personnes (Article 11)
(Article 5) (Article 6) (Article 9) évacuées
(Article 10)
Le Tableau 1 montre qu'il existe certains aspects généraux relatifs à la planification d'une évacuation de
masse (Article 4) (par exemple: évaluation des risques et exercices) et que ceux-ci apportent leur soutien
aux dispositions contenues dans les Articles 5 à 11. Un plan destiné à préparer la population afin qu'elle
réagisse efficacement (Article 5) et un plan destiné à comprendre et à visualiser une zone à risque et/ou
une zone affectée (Article 6) fournissent aux décideurs des informations qui leur permettent de décider
s'ils doivent ou non ordonner une évacuation. Un plan permettant de décider d'ordonner une évacuation
(Article 7) vise à garantir que le processus décisionnel, ses objectifs et ses participants sont appropriés.
Un plan destiné à avertir la population de la nécessité de réagir tel que conseillé (Article 8) prend en
compte les protocoles de communication et les systèmes d'alerte communautaires. Les plans tiennent
également compte de l'analyse des déplacements des personnes évacuées vers une zone sûre (Article 9),
par exemple pour comprendre les besoins, exigences et disponibilités en matière de transports. Les
plans visent également à évaluer les besoins en hébergement des personnes évacuées (Article 10). Par
exemple, ils peuvent identifier les demandes d'hébergement et conclure des accords pour la fourniture
de ces hébergements. Un plan pour l'évaluation et l'amélioration continue des plans d'évacuation
(Article 11) conclut la présente Norme internationale.
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Bien que la présente Norme internationale reconnaisse l'importance de la stabilisation de la zone
affectée après une évacuation, ainsi que l'importance de la protection des biens et de la préservation de
l'environnement, ces questions ne constituent pas son objectif principal.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 22315:2014(F)
Sécurité sociétale — Évacuation de masse — Lignes
directrices pour la planification
1 Domaine d'application
La présente Norme internationale fournit des lignes directrices pour la planification d'une évacuation
de masse en termes d'élaboration, de mise en œuvre, de contrôle, d'évaluation, de revue et d'amélioration
de la préparation. Elle établit un cadre pour chacune des activités de planification d'une évacuation de
masse pour tous les dangers identifiés. Elle aidera les organismes à élaborer des plans étayés par des
preuves scientifiques et dont l'efficacité peut être évaluée.
La présente Norme internationale est destinée à être utilisée par les organismes chargés de, ou
participant à, tout ou partie de la planification d'une évacuation de masse. Elle est applicable à tous les
types et toutes les tailles d'organismes impliqués dans la planification de l'évacuation de masse, tels que
les autorités locales, régionales et nationales, les organes statutaires, les organisations internationales
et non gouvernementales, les entreprises, ainsi que les groupes publics et sociaux.
La présente Norme internationale couvre la planification en vue d'une évacuation de masse afin
de permettre une réponse plus efficace durant l'évacuation elle-même. Elle aidera les organismes à
répondre à leur obligation de préservation des vies humaines et de réduction des souffrances.
La présente Norme internationale ne couvre pas les activités destinées à stabiliser la zone affectée
après une évacuation, à protéger les biens et à préserver l'environnement.
2 Références normatives
Les documents ci-après, dans leur intégralité ou non, sont des références normatives indispensables à
l’application du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les
références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels
amendements).
ISO 22300, Sécurité et résilience — Vocabulaire
ISO 22320, Sécurité et résilience — Gestion des urgences — Lignes directrices pour la gestion des incidents
ISO 22322, Sécurité sociétale — Gestion des urgences — Mises en garde de la population
ISO 22398, Sécurité sociétale — Lignes directrices pour exercice
ISO 31000, Management du risque — Lignes directrices
IEC 31010, Gestion des risques — Techniques d’évaluation des risques
3 Termes et définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions donnés dans l'ISO 22300 ainsi que les
suivants s'appliquent.
3.1
système de gestion des incidents
système qui définit les rôles et les responsabilités du personnel et les procédures opérationnelles à
utiliser dans la gestion des incidents
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
3.2
préparation
connaissances et capacités acquises dans le but d'anticiper, de répondre à et de se rétablir efficacement
de l'impact des conditions ou événements dangereux(-reuses) actuel(le)s ou imminent(e)s susceptibles
de se produire
3.3
système d'alerte communautaire
méthode permettant de communiquer des informations à la population par le biais de réseaux établis
3.4
zone à risque
emplacement pouvant être touché par une catastrophe
Note 1 à l'article: Ce terme est plus pertinent pour les évacuations préventives
3.5
zone affectée
emplacement qui a été touché par une catastrophe
Note 1 à l'article: Ce terme est plus pertinent pour les évacuations immédiates
4 Aspects généraux relatifs à la planification d'une évacuation de masse
4.1 Introduction
Il convient que l'organisme élabore, mette en œuvre et documente des processus décisionnels
transparents, dont certains sont communs à toutes les activités de planification d’une évacuation
de masse. L'Article 4 détaille les problèmes de planification qui sont communs aux Articles 5 à 11,
notamment:
— l'évaluation des risques (4.2);
— la conformité avec la législation et les politiques (4.3);
— la collecte et l'analyse d'informations (4.4);
— la planification de l'allocation des ressources opérationnelles (4.5);
— les processus de planification et de documentation (4.6);
— les accords de partenariat multiorganisme efficaces (4.7);
— la formation et les exercices (4.8).
4.2 Évaluation des risques
Il convient que l'organisme élabore des processus de management du risque qui incluent la réalisation
d'une évaluation des risques conformément à l'ISO 31000 et l'IEC 31010. Il convient que les évaluations
des risques soient:
— stratégiques (déterminer les risques associés au moment du lancement de l'ordre d'évacuation) ou
tactiques (décider d'évacuer une zone comptant une grande part de personnes vulnérables, et créer
ainsi un risque plus grand de ne pas les évacuer à temps);
— réalisées pour des emplacements spécifiques (y compris la zone d'hébergement);
— réalisées pour des risques connus et leurs différents scénarios d'évacuation;
— réalisées avant, pendant et après une évacuation afin de comprendre comment la situation évolue
dans le temps en termes de danger, de population, d'infrastructure et de transports;
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
— utilisées pour influencer la gestion des ressources et l'évacuation elle-même;
— mises à jour durant un incident à mesure que parviennent de nouvelles données émanant de
différentes sources.
4.3 Conformité avec la législation et les politiques
Il convient que l'organisme ait connaissance de toutes les législations et politiques pertinentes
applicables et élabore des plans d'évacuation de masse conformes à ces exigences.
Il convient que l'organisme utilise la législation et les politiques applicables en vigueur au niveau
international, national, régional et local. Il convient:
— qu'elles soient utilisées pour planifier une évacuation de masse et pour informer des plans, des
activités, des décisions et des modèles élaborés;
— qu'elles soient consultées afin de comprendre ce qu'il est possible de faire ou ne pas faire pour
protéger la population;
— qu'elles tiennent compte des situations où des personnes décident de ne pas évacuer pour en
déterminer les risques;
— qu'elles tiennent compte des responsabilités de différents organismes durant une évacuation de
masse et des règlementations qui régissent ces organismes;
— qu'elles soient utilisées pour documenter et démontrer comment limiter la responsabilité de
l'organisme et les atteintes à sa réputation;
— qu'elles soient contrôlées régulièrement dans le cadre du processus de planification afin d'identifier
les changements qui pourraient avoir une incidence sur le plan d'évacuation de masse.
4.4 Collecte et analyse d'informations
Il convient que l'organisme recueille des informations auprès de multiples sources d'informations
relatives à la planification, et qu'il tienne compte de l'importance de chaque aspect. Il convient que les
informations recueillies comprennent les données suivantes:
— les caractéristiques démographiques des personnes se trouvant dans une zone à risque;
— la proportion de personnes qui prendraient leur propre moyen de transport pour l'évacuation;
— les personnes qui utiliseraient les hébergements mis à disposition suite à l'évacuation.
Il convient que l'organisme évalue la qualité des informations recueillies, établisse leur fiabilité et leurs
conséquences potentielles à court et long terme, ainsi que leur influence sur la décision d'évacuation, en
utilisant les critères suivants:
— la fréquence à laquelle les informations sont mises à jour;
— la source des informations;
— les méthodes utilisées pour recueillir les informations;
— le niveau de détail des informations.
Il convient que l'organisme évalue la fiabilité et la crédibilité des informations conformément à la
procédure décrite dans l'ISO 22320.
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ISO 22315:2014(F)
Il convient que l'organisme utilise des données existantes ou nouvelles issues de la recherche afin de
permettre d'appliquer à la planification d’une évacuation de masse une approche étayée par des preuves
scientifiques. Les sources de travaux de recherche peuvent comprendre les sources suivantes:
— recherche universitaire;
— enquêtes pré-évacuation et post-évacuation;
— guides opérationnels;
— rapports post-catastrophe;
— rapports post-exercice;
— publications et sites Internet de projets précédents, d'organismes de recherche, professionnels et
gouvernementaux.
De nouveaux travaux de recherche peuvent fournir des informations spécifiques à une situation donnée
permettant de développer des plans et décisions étayées par des preuves scientifiques.
Il convient que l'organisme et les organismes partenaires utilisent les simulations de scénarios
raisonnables et de scénarios catastrophes, afin d'en analyser les résultats et ainsi comprendre l’impact
du changement d’une hypothèse dans un scénario.
Il convient que l'organisme autorise l'accès direct aux modèles de simulation, afin de mettre à jour les
hypothèses et les informations et d'exécuter à nouveau les scénarios.
4.5 Planification de l'allocation des ressources opérationnelles
Il convient que l'organisme tienne compte, lors de la phase de préparation, de ce qui constitue une
réponse appropriée et de quelles ressources humaines et techniques il convient de disposer, tant dans
la zone d'évacuation que dans les zones qui pourraient recevoir des personnes évacuées.
Il convient que l'organisme identifie les ressources nécessaires pour faciliter l'évacuation. Par exemple:
— le personnel et ses compétences;
— la logistique et les capacités matérielles;
— le transport;
— la fourniture d’hébergements.
Il convient que l'organisme effectue une évaluation et une hiérarchisation rapides des besoins durant
la phase de réponse afin de déterminer quelles ressources sont nécessaires pour soutenir de façon
adéquate une évacuation de masse.
4.6 Processus de planification et de documentation
Il convient que l'organisme mette en place un processus officiel afin de définir des objectifs opérationnels
et de mesurer leur réalisation en réponse à un ordre d'évacuation.
Il convient que ce processus soit inclus dans les plans officiels et intégré aux plans de secours. Il convient
que les plans officiels incluent les éléments suivants:
— une stratégie documentée de diffusion d'un message d'alerte;
— des méthodes qui permettent de préparer les organismes qui gèrent les évacuations et de préparer
la population;
— des processus et procédures de planification intégrés dans le système de management de l'organisme
afin que les plans soient régulièrement revus et mis à jour.
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