ISO 1496-4
(Main)Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing — Part 4: Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk
Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing — Part 4: Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
ISO/TC 104/SC 2
Date: 2023-07-18
Secretariat: BSI
Date: 2023-08-16
Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing — —
Part 4:
Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk
FDIS stage
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . vi
Introduction . viii
Part 4: Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk . 1
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Dimensions and ratings . 5
4.1 External dimensions . 5
4.2 Internal dimensions . 5
4.3 Ratings . 5
5 Design requirements . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Corner fittings . 6
5.3 Base structure . 6
5.4 Floor strength of bulk containers . 7
5.5 End structure . 8
5.6 Side structure . 9
5.7 Walls (box type only) . 9
5.8 Shell (hopper type only) . 10
5.9 Openings . 10
5.9.1 General . 10
5.9.2 Door opening(s) (box type only) . 10
5.9.3 Opening(s) for loading . 11
5.9.4 Opening(s) for discharging . 11
5.9.5 Inspection and maintenance openings (hopper type only) . 11
5.10 Construction . 11
5.11 Requirements — Optional features . 12
5.11.1 Fork-lift pockets . 12
5.11.2 Gooseneck tunnels . 12
5.11.3 Walkways . 12
5.11.4 Ladders . 12
5.11.5 Interface for external fumigation equipment . 12
5.11.6 Sanitation (where required) . 13
6 Testing . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Test no. 13 — Strength of end wall with fitted discharge hatch . 15
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
6.2.1 General . 15
6.2.2 Procedure . 15
6.2.3 Requirements . 15
6.3 Test no. 14 — Bottom hatch operation test . 15
6.3.1 General . 15
6.3.2 Procedure (see figure A.14) . 15
6.3.3 Requirements . 15
6.4 Test no. 15 — Floor test – Box type 2 with roof or end wall cargo loading openings . 15
6.4.1 General . 15
6.4.2 Procedure (see Figure A.15) . 16
6.4.3 Requirements . 16
6.5 Test no. 16 — Internal longitudinal restraint (hopper type only) . 16
6.5.1 General . 16
6.5.2 Procedure (see Figure A.16 a and A.16 b). 16
6.5.3 Requirements . 17
6.6 Test no. 17 — Internal lateral restraint (hopper type only) . 17
6.6.1 General . 17
6.6.2 Procedure (see Figure A.17 a and A.17 b). 17
6.6.3 Requirements . 17
6.7 Test no. 18 — Walkways (where provided) . 17
6.7.1 General . 17
6.7.2 Procedure (see Figure A.18) . 17
6.7.3 Requirements . 17
6.8 Test no. 19 — Ladders (where provided) . 18
6.8.1 General . 18
6.8.2 Procedure (see Figure A.19) . 18
6.8.3 Requirements . 18
6.9 Test no. 20 — Airtightness test types B1/BB according to ISO 6346 . 18
6.9.1 General . 18
6.9.2 Procedure . 18
6.9.3 Requirements . 18
Annex A (informative) Diagrammatic representation of capabilities appropriate to specific types and
sizes of dry bulk non-pressurised containers, except where otherwise stated . 19
Annex B (informative) Typical examples of the location of openings for loading of dry bulk non-
pressurized box-type containers . 22
Bibliography . 25
Foreword iv
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
Introduction vi
1. Scope 1
2. Normative references 1
3. Terms and definitions 2
4. Dimensions and ratings 4
5. Design requirements 5
6. Testing 12
Annex A (informative) Diagrammatic representation of capabilities appropriate to specific types and
sizes of dry bulk non-pressurised containers, except where otherwise stated 18
Annex B (informative) Typical examples of the location of openings for loading of dry bulk non-
pressurized box-type containers 21
Bibliography 23
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see
www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights. in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 104, Freight containers, Sub-Committee
SC 2, Specific purpose containers.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1496-4:1991), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— — ensure that the main structural tests are consistent with those described in ISO 1496-1;
— — introduce testing for box-type bulk containers with bottom discharge;
— — reflect the forces on end and side walls when the freight container is being discharged by tipping
or rotating;
— — ensure that the freight container can operate correctly and safely when fully packed with a bulk
cargo.
A list of all parts in the ISO 1496 series can be found on the ISO website.
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved vii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved vii
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
Introduction
This document replaces the first edition published in 1991 and brings it into line with other parts of this
standarddocument including Part 1 which provides information on those tests that are consistent for all
freight containers.
Freight containers built to transport non-pressurised bulk cargos are considered to be special and
therefore not produced in large numbers, and often, freight containers built to meet the requirements of
ISO 1496-1 are used in their place. However, when the bulk cargo is classified as a dangerous cargo as
identified in the United Nations' Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model
[2] [2]
Regulations, , such cargoes must be transported in a bulk container as described in 6.86.8 of those
regulations.
A freight container built and tested according to this document are deemed to meet with the
requirements for a BK1 or a BK2 bulk container as described in the Recommendations on the transport
[2] [2]
of Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations. . To fully meet these requirements the container will need
to be:
— rendered siftproof, either by design or by the addition of a siftproof liner, and
— fitted with suitable securing means for service equipment required for packing and unpacking.
Containers to be used for the carriage of dangerous goods can be subject to additional international and
national requirements as applied by competent authorities.
Freight containers constructed in accordance with ISO 1496-1 may be used for the transport certain non-
packed dry bulk solids only if the end walls are strengthened to meet the test requirements of this
document and care be taken to ensure that the design loadings are shall not exceeded under operating
conditions.
3
Bulk cargoes that comprise of large particles that have a density greater than 1 200 kg/m and/or are
angular can damage the floor structure if dropped from the height of the roof or higher. Such cargoes
require additional strengthening to the floor and/or base structure.
The forces involved with packing dry bulk containers are associated with the container being fully
horizontal or inclined to a certain degree as stated in the IMO / ILO / UN ECE Code of Practice for packing
[3] [3]
cargo transport units (CTU Code) .). Containers tested to this document are not designed for packing
with the rear end significantly inclined or at 90° to the horizontal.
The marking requirements for these containers shallneed to be in accordance with the principles
embodied in ISO 6346.
viii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing — —
Part 4:
Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic specifications and testing requirements for series 1 freight containers
of the dry bulk container non-pressurized type which are suitable for international exchange and for
conveyance by road, rail and sea, including interchange between these forms of transport.
As the density and flow characteristics of dry bulk cargoes vary widely, containers conforming to this
document are not expected to be suitable for the carriage of all such cargoes. Therefore, except where
otherwise stated, the requirements of this document are minimum requirements.
The container types covered by this document are given in Table 1.Table 1.
This document does not apply to BK3 flexible bulk containers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 668:2020, Series 1 freight containers — Classification, dimensions and ratings
ISO 830, Freight containers — Vocabulary
ISO 1161, Series 1 freight containers — Corner and intermediate fittings — Specifications
ISO 1496-1-1:2013/Amd 1:2016, Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing — Part 1: General
cargo containers for general purposes
ISO 6346, Freight containers — Coding, identification and marking
ISO 17712, Freight containers — Mechanical seals
EN 13374, Temporary edge protection
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ISO /PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 830 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
Drydry bulk cargo - Nonnon-pressurised, box type
container for the transport of dry bulk solids, capable of withstanding the loads resulting from filling,
transport motions and discharging of non-packaged dry bulk solids, having filling and discharge
apertures and fittings and complying with the requirements of this document.
Note 1 to entry –: Dry bulk cargo is also known as Drydry bulk container.
Note 2 to entry - : Dry bulk containers are referred to as containers in this document.
3.1.1
box type 1
dry bulk non-pressurized container for tipping discharge having a parallelepiped/ cargo space and a door
opening at least at one end.
Note 1 to entry -: It may also be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.1.2
box type 2
dry bulk non-pressurized container for tipping discharge having a parallelepiped cargo space with a door
opening in either ends or fitted with one or more access hatches.
Note 1 to entry -: It cannot be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.1.3
hopper type
dry bulk non-pressurized container for horizontal or vertical discharge without tipping and having no
door opening
Note 1 to entry -: It may not be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.1.4
bottom discharge type
dry bulk non-pressurised container for vertical discharge having no door opening
Note 1 to entry -: It may not be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.2
dry bulk solids
assemblies of separate solid particles normally substantially in contact with one another which are, or
which may be rendered, capable of fluid flow
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
3.3
openings for cargo loading
openings provided in a container for the filling of dry bulk solids
3.4
openings for cargo discharging
openings provided in a container for the discharge of dry bulk solids
3.5
interface for external fumigation equipment
point(s) at which the connection between the container and any external fumigation equipment is
connected or disconnected
3.6
dangerous goods
substances classified as dangerous by the United Nations committee of experts on the transport of
dangerous goods or by the competent authority (3.7)(3.7)
3.7
competent authority
authority or authorities designated as such in each country or in each specified case by the governments
concerned, for the approval of dry bulk containers
3.8
bulk density
mass per unit volume of a dry bulk solid measured when the dry bulk solid is in a loose or non-compacted
condition
3.9
cargo space
space bounded by the container walls or shell when all apertures are closed
3.10
access hatch
personnel access hatch set into a wall or the roof3.11roof
3.11
BK1
sheeted and open top bulk container with rigid bottom (including hopper-type bottom), side and end
walls and a non-rigid covering
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2] [2]
Nations ] ]
3.12
BK2
totally closed bulk container with a rigid roof, sidewalls, end and floor walls (including hopper-type
bottom)
Note 1 to entry - : BK2 includes bulk containers with an opening roof, side or end wall that can be closed during
transport. Closed bulk containers may be equipped with openings to allow for the exchange of vapour and gases
with air and which prevent under normal conditions of transport the release of solid contents as well as the
penetration of rain and splash water.
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ISO /PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2] [2]
Nations ] ]
3.13
BK3
3
flexible bulk container with a capacity not exceeding 15 m
Note 1 to entry – : BK3 includes liners, attached handling devices and service equipment.
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2] [2]
Nations ] ]
3.14
siftproof
impermeable to dry contents including fine solid materials produced during transport
Note 1 to entry - Where a liner is used to make the container sift proof it shall be made of a suitable material. The
strength of the material used for, and the construction of, the liner shall be appropriate to the capacity of the
container and its intended use. Joins enclosures of the liner shall withstand pressures and impacts liable to occur
under normal conditions of handling and transport. For ventilated bulk containers, any liner shall not impair the
operation of ventilating devices.
Note 1 to entry: Where a liner is used to make the container sift proof, it shall be made of a suitable material. The
strength of the material used for, and the construction of, the liner shall be appropriate to the capacity of the
container and its intended use. Joins enclosures of the liner shall withstand pressures and impacts liable to occur
under normal conditions of handling and transport. For ventilated bulk containers, any liner shall not impair the
operation of ventilating devices.
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2] [2]
Nations ] ]
3.15
arching
tendency of some solids when transported in bulk to form an arch of material clinging to the roof of a
bulk container in the shape of an arch especially during discharge
Note 1 to entry - the: The process is likely to cause instability in the cargo.
3.16
bridging
tendency of some solids when transported in bulk to form a bridge of material clinging to a bulk container
as if a bridge especially during discharge
Note 1 to entry - the : The process is likely to cause instability in the cargo.
3.17
rat-holing
tendency of flows of air or other gases to form enclosed channels through the substance especially during
discharge
Note 1 to entry - the : The process maycan cause instability in the cargo.
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ISO/PRF 1496-4:2023(E)
3.18
surge
tendency of substances to start moving suddenly especially during discharge
Note 1 to entry - the : The process maycan cause instability in the load.
4 Dimensions and ratings
4.1 External dimensions
The overall external dimensions and tolerances of the freight containers covered by this document shall
be in accordance with ISO 668. No part of the container shall project beyond these specified overall
external dimensions.
4.2 Internal dimensions
Internal dimensions of c
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1496-4
Second edition
Series 1 freight containers —
Specification and testing —
Part 4:
Non-pressurized containers for dry
bulk
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Dimensions and ratings . 4
4.1 External dimensions . 4
4.2 Internal dimensions . 4
4.3 Ratings . 4
5 Design requirements .5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Corner fittings . 5
5.3 Base structure . . . 6
5.4 Floor strength of bulk containers . 7
5.5 End structure . 7
5.6 Side structure . 8
5.7 Walls (box type only) . . 8
5.8 Shell (hopper type only) . 9
5.9 Openings . 9
5.9.1 General . 9
5.9.2 Door opening(s) (box type only) . 9
5.9.3 Opening(s) for loading . 10
5.9.4 Opening(s) for discharging . 10
5.9.5 Inspection and maintenance openings (hopper type only) . 10
5.10 Construction . 10
5.11 Requirements — Optional features . 11
5.11.1 Fork-lift pockets . 11
5.11.2 Gooseneck tunnels . 11
5.11.3 Walkways . 11
5.11.4 Ladders. 11
5.11.5 Interface for external fumigation equipment . 11
5.11.6 Sanitation (where required) . 11
6 Testing.12
6.1 General .12
6.2 Test no. 13 — Strength of end wall with fitted discharge hatch .13
6.2.1 General .13
6.2.2 Procedure . 13
6.2.3 Requirements . 14
6.3 Test no. 14 — Bottom hatch operation test. 14
6.3.1 General . 14
6.3.2 Procedure (see figure A.14) . 14
6.3.3 Requirements . 14
6.4 Test no. 15 — Floor test – Box type 2 with roof or end wall cargo loading openings . 14
6.4.1 General . 14
6.4.2 Procedure (see Figure A.15) . 14
6.4.3 Requirements . 15
6.5 Test no. 16 — Internal longitudinal restraint (hopper type only) . 15
6.5.1 General .15
6.5.2 Procedure (see Figure A.16 a and A.16 b) . 15
6.5.3 Requirements .15
6.6 Test no. 17 — Internal lateral restraint (hopper type only) . 15
6.6.1 General .15
iii
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
6.6.2 Procedure (see Figure A.17 a and A.17 b) . 16
6.6.3 Requirements . 16
6.7 Test no. 18 — Walkways (where provided) . 16
6.7.1 General . 16
6.7.2 Procedure (see Figure A.18) . 16
6.7.3 Requirements . 16
6.8 Test no. 19 — Ladders (where provided) . 16
6.8.1 General . 16
6.8.2 Procedure (see Figure A.19) . 16
6.8.3 Requirements . 16
6.9 Test no. 20 — Airtightness test types B1/BB according to ISO 6346. 17
6.9.1 General . 17
6.9.2 Procedure . 17
6.9.3 Requirements . 17
Annex A (informative) Diagrammatic representation of capabilities appropriate to specific
types and sizes of dry bulk non-pressurised containers, except where otherwise
stated .18
Annex B (informative) Typical examples of the location of openings for loading of dry bulk
non-pressurized box-type containers .20
Bibliography .22
iv
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 104, Freight containers, Sub-Committee
SC 2, Specific purpose containers.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 1496-4:1991), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— ensure that the main structural tests are consistent with those described in ISO 1496-1;
— introduce testing for box-type bulk containers with bottom discharge;
— reflect the forces on end and side walls when the freight container is being discharged by tipping or
rotating;
— ensure that the freight container can operate correctly and safely when fully packed with a bulk
cargo.
A list of all parts in the ISO 1496 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved PROOF/ÉPREUVE
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
Introduction
This document replaces the first edition published in 1991 and brings it into line with other parts of
this document including Part 1 which provides information on those tests that are consistent for all
freight containers.
Freight containers built to transport non-pressurised bulk cargos are considered to be special and
therefore not produced in large numbers, and often, freight containers built to meet the requirements
of ISO 1496-1 are used in their place. However, when the bulk cargo is classified as a dangerous cargo
as identified in the United Nations' Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model
[2]
Regulations, such cargoes must be transported in a bulk container as described in 6.8 of those
regulations.
A freight container built and tested according to this document are deemed to meet with the
requirements for a BK1 or a BK2 bulk container as described in the Recommendations on the transport
[2]
of Dangerous Goods – Model Regulations. To fully meet these requirements the container will need to
be:
— rendered siftproof, either by design or by the addition of a siftproof liner,
— fitted with suitable securing means for service equipment required for packing and unpacking.
Containers to be used for the carriage of dangerous goods can be subject to additional international and
national requirements as applied by competent authorities.
Freight containers constructed in accordance with ISO 1496-1 may be used for the transport certain
non-packed dry bulk solids only if the end walls are strengthened to meet the test requirements of this
document and care be taken to ensure that the design loadings are shall not exceeded under operating
conditions.
3
Bulk cargoes that comprise of large particles that have a density greater than 1 200 kg/m and/or are
angular can damage the floor structure if dropped from the height of the roof or higher. Such cargoes
require additional strengthening to the floor and/or base structure.
The forces involved with packing dry bulk containers are associated with the container being fully
horizontal or inclined to a certain degree as stated in the IMO / ILO / UN ECE Code of Practice for
[3]
packing cargo transport units (CTU Code). Containers tested to this document are not designed for
packing with the rear end significantly inclined or at 90° to the horizontal.
The marking requirements for these containers need to be in accordance with the principles embodied
in ISO 6346.
vi
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing —
Part 4:
Non-pressurized containers for dry bulk
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic specifications and testing requirements for series 1 freight containers
of the dry bulk container non-pressurized type which are suitable for international exchange and for
conveyance by road, rail and sea, including interchange between these forms of transport.
As the density and flow characteristics of dry bulk cargoes vary widely, containers conforming to this
document are not expected to be suitable for the carriage of all such cargoes. Therefore, except where
otherwise stated, the requirements of this document are minimum requirements.
The container types covered by this document are given in Table 1.
This document does not apply to BK3 flexible bulk containers.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 668:2020, Series 1 freight containers — Classification, dimensions and ratings
ISO 830, Freight containers — Vocabulary
ISO 1161, Series 1 freight containers — Corner and intermediate fittings — Specifications
ISO 1496-1:2013/Amd 1:2016, Series 1 freight containers — Specification and testing — Part 1: General
cargo containers for general purposes
ISO 6346, Freight containers — Coding, identification and marking
ISO 17712, Freight containers — Mechanical seals
EN 13374, Temporary edge protection
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 830 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
3.1
dry bulk cargo - non-pressurised, box type
container for the transport of dry bulk solids, capable of withstanding the loads resulting from filling,
transport motions and discharging of non-packaged dry bulk solids, having filling and discharge
apertures and fittings and complying with the requirements of this document
Note 1 to entry: Dry bulk cargo is also known as dry bulk container.
Note 2 to entry: Dry bulk containers are referred to as containers in this document.
3.1.1
box type 1
dry bulk non-pressurized container for tipping discharge having a parallelepiped/ cargo space and a
door opening at least at one end
Note 1 to entry: It may also be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.1.2
box type 2
dry bulk non-pressurized container for tipping discharge having a parallelepiped cargo space with a
door opening in either ends or fitted with one or more access hatches
Note 1 to entry: It cannot be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.1.3
hopper type
dry bulk non-pressurized container for horizontal or vertical discharge without tipping and having no
door opening
Note 1 to entry: It may not be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.1.4
bottom discharge type
dry bulk non-pressurised container for vertical discharge having no door opening
Note 1 to entry: It may not be used as a general-purpose freight container.
3.2
dry bulk solids
assemblies of separate solid particles normally substantially in contact with one another which are, or
which may be rendered, capable of fluid flow
3.3
openings for cargo loading
openings provided in a container for the filling of dry bulk solids
3.4
openings for cargo discharging
openings provided in a container for the discharge of dry bulk solids
3.5
interface for external fumigation equipment
point(s) at which the connection between the container and any external fumigation equipment is
connected or disconnected
3.6
dangerous goods
substances classified as dangerous by the United Nations committee of experts on the transport of
dangerous goods or by the competent authority (3.7)
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
3.7
competent authority
authority or authorities designated as such in each country or in each specified case by the governments
concerned, for the approval of dry bulk containers
3.8
bulk density
mass per unit volume of a dry bulk solid measured when the dry bulk solid is in a loose or non-
compacted condition
3.9
cargo space
space bounded by the container walls or shell when all apertures are closed
3.10
access hatch
personnel access hatch set into a wall or the roof
3.11
BK1
sheeted and open top bulk container with rigid bottom (including hopper-type bottom), side and end
walls and a non-rigid covering
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2]
Nations ]
3.12
BK2
totally closed bulk container with a rigid roof, sidewalls, end and floor walls (including hopper-type
bottom)
Note 1 to entry: BK2 includes bulk containers with an opening roof, side or end wall that can be closed during
transport. Closed bulk containers may be equipped with openings to allow for the exchange of vapour and gases
with air and which prevent under normal conditions of transport the release of solid contents as well as the
penetration of rain and splash water.
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2]
Nations ]
3.13
BK3
3
flexible bulk container with a capacity not exceeding 15 m
Note 1 to entry: BK3 includes liners, attached handling devices and service equipment.
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2]
Nations ]
3.14
siftproof
impermeable to dry contents including fine solid materials produced during transport
Note 1 to entry: Where a liner is used to make the container sift proof, it shall be made of a suitable material. The
strength of the material used for, and the construction of, the liner shall be appropriate to the capacity of the
container and its intended use. Joins enclosures of the liner shall withstand pressures and impacts liable to occur
under normal conditions of handling and transport. For ventilated bulk containers, any liner shall not impair the
operation of ventilating devices.
[SOURCE: Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods - Model Regulations, United
[2]
Nations ]
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
3.15
arching
tendency of some solids when transported in bulk to form an arch of material clinging to the roof of a
bulk container in the shape of an arch especially during discharge
Note 1 to entry: The process is likely to cause instability in the cargo.
3.16
bridging
tendency of some solids when transported in bulk to form a bridge of material clinging to a bulk
container as if a bridge especially during discharge
Note 1 to entry: The process is likely to cause instability in the cargo.
3.17
rat-holing
tendency of flows of air or other gases to form enclosed channels through the substance especially
during discharge
Note 1 to entry: The process can cause instability in the cargo.
3.18
surge
tendency of substances to start moving suddenly especially during discharge
Note 1 to entry: The process can cause instability in the load.
4 Dimensions and ratings
4.1 External dimensions
The overall external dimensions and tolerances of the freight containers covered by this document shall
be in accordance with ISO 668. No part of the container shall project beyond these specified overall
external dimensions.
4.2 Internal dimensions
Internal dimensions of containers shall be as large as possible but, in any case, box type containers with
full access rear doors shall have a minimum internal width of 2 330 mm. This dimension applies when
measured at a temperature of 20 °C.
Measurements taken at other temperatures shall be adjusted accordingly.
4.3 Ratings
The values of the rating R, being the maximum gross mass of the container, shall be those specified in
ISO 668.
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ISO 1496-4:2023(E)
5 Design requirements
5.1 General
Table 1 — Container types (in accordance with ISO 6346:2022, Table E.1)
Code Type designation Type group code
B Dry bulk cargo - non-pressurised, box type BU
N Pressurised and non-pressurised tank container (dry)
Hopper type NH
Non-pressurised tank NN
This document includes all container types shown in Table 1 and shall be capable of fulfilling the
following requirements.
5.1.1 The strength requirements for containers are given in ISO 1496-1 (these requirements are
applicable to all bulk containers except where otherwise stated). They apply to containers as complete
units, except as described in 6.1.
5.1.2 The strength requirements for corner fittings (see also 5.2) shall be in accordance with ISO 1161.
5.1.3 As the effects of loads encountered under any dynamic operating condition should only
approach, but not exceed, the effects of the corresponding test loads, it is implicit that the capabilities
of containers indicated in ISO 1496-1 and demonstrated by those additional tests described in Clause 6
shall not be exceeded in any mode of operation.
5.1.4 Any closure in a container which, if unsecured, can lead to an u
...
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