ISO/TS 21569-2:2012
(Main)Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis - Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived products - Part 2: Construct-specific real-time PCR method for detection of event FP967 in linseed and linseed products
Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis - Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived products - Part 2: Construct-specific real-time PCR method for detection of event FP967 in linseed and linseed products
This method describes a procedure for the detection of a DNA sequence present in a genetically modified linseed (Linum usitatissimum) line (event FP967, also named as "CDC Triffid"). For this purpose, extracted DNA is used in a real-time PCR and the genetic modification (GM) is specifically detected by amplification of a 105 bp DNA sequence representing the transition between the nopalin synthase gene terminator (Tnos) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (dfrA1) from a Class 1 integron of Escherichia coli. The method described is applicable for the analysis of DNA extracted from foodstuffs. It may also be suitable for the analysis of DNA extracted from other products such as feedstuffs and seeds. The application of this method requires the extraction of an adequate amount of amplifiable DNA from the relevant matrix for the purpose of analysis.
MΓ©thodes horizontales d'analyse molΓ©culaire de biomarqueurs β MΓ©thodes d'analyse pour la dΓ©tection des organismes gΓ©nΓ©tiquement modifiΓ©s et des produits dΓ©rivΓ©s β Partie 2: MΓ©thode PCR en temps rΓ©el spΓ©cifique de la construction pour la dΓ©tection d'un Γ©vΓ¨nement FP967 dans les graines de lin et les produits Γ base de graines de lin
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ISO/TS 21569-2:2012 is a technical specification published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis - Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived products - Part 2: Construct-specific real-time PCR method for detection of event FP967 in linseed and linseed products". This standard covers: This method describes a procedure for the detection of a DNA sequence present in a genetically modified linseed (Linum usitatissimum) line (event FP967, also named as "CDC Triffid"). For this purpose, extracted DNA is used in a real-time PCR and the genetic modification (GM) is specifically detected by amplification of a 105 bp DNA sequence representing the transition between the nopalin synthase gene terminator (Tnos) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (dfrA1) from a Class 1 integron of Escherichia coli. The method described is applicable for the analysis of DNA extracted from foodstuffs. It may also be suitable for the analysis of DNA extracted from other products such as feedstuffs and seeds. The application of this method requires the extraction of an adequate amount of amplifiable DNA from the relevant matrix for the purpose of analysis.
This method describes a procedure for the detection of a DNA sequence present in a genetically modified linseed (Linum usitatissimum) line (event FP967, also named as "CDC Triffid"). For this purpose, extracted DNA is used in a real-time PCR and the genetic modification (GM) is specifically detected by amplification of a 105 bp DNA sequence representing the transition between the nopalin synthase gene terminator (Tnos) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (dfrA1) from a Class 1 integron of Escherichia coli. The method described is applicable for the analysis of DNA extracted from foodstuffs. It may also be suitable for the analysis of DNA extracted from other products such as feedstuffs and seeds. The application of this method requires the extraction of an adequate amount of amplifiable DNA from the relevant matrix for the purpose of analysis.
ISO/TS 21569-2:2012 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 67.050 - General methods of tests and analysis for food products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ISO/TS 21569-2:2012 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 14918:2018, ISO/TS 21569-2:2021. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase ISO/TS 21569-2:2012 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 21569-2
First edition
2012-09-01
Horizontal methods for molecular
biomarker analysis β Methods
of analysis for the detection of
genetically modified organisms and
derived products β
Part 2:
Construct-specific real-time PCR
method for detection of event FP967
in linseed and linseed products
MΓ©thodes horizontales dβanalyse molΓ©culaire de biomarqueurs β
MΓ©thodes dβanalyse pour la dΓ©tection des organismes gΓ©nΓ©tiquement
modifiΓ©s et des produits dΓ©rivΓ©s β
Partie 2: MΓ©thode PCR en temps rΓ©el spΓ©cifique de la construction
pour la dΓ©tection dβun Γ©vΓ¨nement FP967 dans les graines de lin et les
produits Γ base de graines de lin
Reference number
Β©
ISO 2012
Β©βISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
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Published in Switzerland
ii Β© ISO 2012 β All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Reagents and materials . 2
5.1 PCR reagents . 2
6 Apparatus . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 PCR device . 3
7 Sampling . 3
8 Procedure. 3
8.1 Test sample preparation . 3
8.2 Preparation of the DNA extracts . 3
8.3 DNA extraction . 3
8.4 PCR setup . 3
8.5 Temperature .
time programme . 4
9 Accept/reject criteria . 4
9.1 General . 4
9.2 Identification . 5
10 Validation status and performance criteria . 5
10.1 Robustness of the method . 5
10.2 Intralaboratory trial . 5
10.3 Collaborative trial . 5
10.4 Sensitivity . 7
10.5 Specificity . 7
11 Test report . 8
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
β an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical
experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 %
of the members of the parent committee casting a vote;
β an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a
technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the
committee casting a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for
a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or
ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be
transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 21569-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 34, Food products, Subcommittee SC 16,
Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis.
ISO/TS 21569 consists of the following parts, under the general title Horizontal methods for molecular
biomarker analysis β Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and
derived products:
β Part 2: Construct-specific real-time PCR method for detection of event FP967 in linseed and linseed products
iv Β© ISO 2012 β All rights reserved
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 21569-2:2012(E)
Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis β
Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically
modified organisms and derived products β
Part 2:
Construct-specific real-time PCR method for detection of
event FP967 in linseed and linseed products
1 Scope
This method describes a procedure for the detection of a DNA sequence present in a genetically
modified linseed (Linum usitatissimum) line (event FP967, also named as βCDC Triffidβ). For this purpose,
extracted DNA is used in a real-time PCR and the genetic modification (GM) is specifically detected by
amplification of a 105 bp DNA sequence representing the transition between the nopalin synthase gene
terminator (Tnos) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the dihydrofolate reductase gene (dfrA1) from a
Class 1 integron of Escherichia coli.
The method described is applicable for the analysis of DNA extracted from foodstuffs. It may also
be suitable for the analysis of DNA extracted from other products such as feedstuffs and seeds. The
application of this method requires the extraction of an adequate amount of amplifiable DNA from the
relevant matrix for the purpose of analysis.
2 Normative references
ISO 21569, Foodstuffs β Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived
products β Qualitative nucleic acid based methods
ISO 21571:2005, Foodstuffs β Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and
derived products β Nucleic acid extraction
ISO 24276, Foodstuffs β Methods of analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived
products β General requirements and definitions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 24276 apply.
4 Principle
DNA is extracted from the test sample applying a suitable method. The DNA analysis consists of two parts:
a) Verification of the amount, quality and amplifiability of the extracted DNA, e.g. by means of a target
taxon specific real-time PCR with primers amplifying a 68 bp long fragment from the linseed-specific
(Linum usitatissimum) stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase 2 gene (SAD) (Reference [1]).
b) Detection of the Tnos-dfr construct in a real-time PCR (Reference [1]).
5 Reagents and materials
Chemicals of recognized analytical grade, appropriate for molecular biology shall be used, as a rule. The
water used shall be double distilled or of an adequate quality. Unless stated otherwise, solutions should
be prepared by dissolving the corresponding reagents in water and autoclaved. For all operations in
which gloves are used, it should be ensured that these are powder-free. The use of aerosol-protected
pipette tips serves as protection against cross-contamination.
5.1 PCR reagents
5.1.1 Thermostable DNA polymerase (for hot-start PCR).
5.1.2 PCR buffer solution (contains magnesium chloride and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate dATP,
dCTP, dGTP and dUTP).
Ready-to-use reagent mixtures or individual components can be used. Reagents and polymerases which
lead to equal or better results may also be used.
5.1.3 Oligonucleotides (see Table 1).
Table 1 β Oligonucleotides
Final concentration
Name DNA sequence of the oligonucleotide
in the PCR
Tnos-dfr construct as the target sequence (Reference [1]):
NOST-Spec FW 5β-AgC gCg CAA ACT Agg ATA AA-3β 800 nmol/l
NOST-Spec RV 5β-ACC TTC Cgg CTC gAT gTC TA-3β 800 nmol/l
a
NOST-Spec Probe 5β-(FAM)-CgC gCg Cgg TgT CAT CTA Tg-(BHQ)-3β 100 nmol/l
a
FAM: 6-Carboxyfluorescein, BHQ: black hole quencher.
NOTE Equivalent reporter dyes and/or quencher dyes can be used for the probe if they can be shown to yield
similar or better results.
5.1.4 Standard DNA for calibration
A standard DNA solution of a known concentration (ng/Β΅l) is used to calculate the copy numbers of the
Tnos-dfr target sequence.
When using genomic linseed DNA as the standard DNA, the number of haploid genome equivalents per
microlitre, n , shall be calculated on the basis of the molecular mass of the linseed haploid genome
hgEq
which is approximately 0,7 pg (Reference [2]) and by applying Equation (1):
[DNA]Γ1000
n = (1)
hgEq
m
hg
where
[DNA] is the DNA concentration in nanograms per microlitre;
m is the haploid genome mass, in picograms.
hg
In the collaborative trial, a plasmid was used as standard DNA which contains a copy of the 105 bp Tnos-dfr
fragment and the 68 bp large SAD gene fragment, respectively. Because the exact number of integrations
of the Tnos-dfr construct in event FP967 in linseed is not known at the time of the specification of this
document, the calculated GM-content only represents an estimation which is based on the assumption
that the target sequence is present as a single copy per haploid genome.
2 Β© ISO 2012 β All rights reserved
6 Apparatus
6.1 General
Regarding the apparatus and materials, see ISO 21569. In addition to the usual laboratory equipment
the following equipment is required.
6.2 PCR device
Real-time PCR device, suitable for the excitation of fluorescent molecules and the detection of fluorescence
signals generated during PCR.
7 Sampling
All samples shall be identified unambiguously.
8 Procedure
8.1 Test sample preparation
It should be ensured that the test sample used for DNA extraction is representative of the laboratory
sample, e.g. by grinding or homogenizing the samples. Take into consideration the measures and
operational steps specified in ISO 21571 and ISO 24276.
8.2 Preparation of the DNA extracts
Concerning the preparation of DNA from the test sample, the general instructions and measures
described in ISO 21571 should be followed. It is recommended that one of the DNA extraction methods
described in ISO 21571:2005, Annex A be chosen.
8.3 DNA extraction
It is recommended that the DNA extraction be performed by means of the CTAB method with a test
portion of 1 g of the homogenized sample (see ISO 21571:2005, A.3.1).
Due to problems of purity, an additional purification step (gel filtration, e.g. by means of micro spin
columns) may be necessary.
As long as comparability is ensured, other extraction and purification methods (e.g. kit systems) can be
applied, using lower test portions, if necessary (Reference [1]).
8.4 PCR setup
The method is described for a total volume of 25 ΞΌl per PCR. The reagents given in Table 2 should be used.
Reagents are completely thawed at room temperature and should be briefly centrifuged before use.
Each reagent should be carefully mixed immediat
...
Π’ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ ISO/TS
Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ― 21569-2
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2012-09-01
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Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ PCR, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ FP967 Π² Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ
Horizontal methods for molecular biomarker analysis β Methods of
analysis for the detection of genetically modified organisms and derived
products β
Part 2: Construct-specific real-time PCR method for detection of event
FP967 in linseed and linseed products
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ΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ©ΠΠ©ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΌ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΌΡ, Π±Π΅Π·
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡ ISO, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ
Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ ISO Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ.
ISO copyright office
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ΠΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² Π¨Π²Π΅ΠΉΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ii Β© ISO 2012 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π‘ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ . iv
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 1
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ . 1
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 1
4 ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ . 1
5 Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ . 2
5.1 Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR . 2
6 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° . 3
6.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 3
6.2 ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR . 3
7 ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± . 3
8 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° . 3
8.1 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° . 3
8.2 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² DNA . 3
8.3 ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ DNA . 3
8.4 ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR . 4
8.5 Π’Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ° . 4
9 ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΈ/ΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. 5
9.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ . 5
9.2 ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ . 5
10 Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° . 5
10.1 Π£ΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° . 5
10.2 ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ . 5
10.3 Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ . 6
10.4 Π§ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ . 7
10.5 Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ . 8
11 ΠΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ» ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ . 8
ΠΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. 9
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ISO) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ISO). Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ²
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ISO. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½, Π·Π°ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²
Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΎ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ
ISO, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
. ISO ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Ρ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (IEC) ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²
ΠΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ
ISO/IEC, Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2.
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌ Π½Π°
Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅
ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 75 % ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
, ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°
Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ°, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²:
β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ISO (ISO/PAS), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ISO, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 50% Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²
Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ;
β ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ISO (ISO/TS), ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2/3 Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ISO/PAS ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ISO/TS ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ISO/PAS ΠΈ ISO/TS, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡ, Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ.
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π°. ISO Π½Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π².
Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ISO/TS 21569-2 Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ISO/TC 34, ΠΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ, ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ SC 16, ΠΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ².
Π’Π΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ISO/TS 21569 ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²:
β Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ PCR, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ FP967 Π² Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ
iv Β© ISO 2012 β ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ
Π’ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠ― ISO/TS 21569-2:2012(R)
ΠΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ²
ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ².
Π§Π°ΡΡΡ 2.
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ PCR, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ FP967 Π² Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠ· Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ
1 ΠΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (DNA), ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Π»ΡΠ½Π° (Linum usitatissimum)
(ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ FP967, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ "CDC Triffid"). Π‘ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ DNA ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π²
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (PCR) Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ (GM)
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ DNA, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ 105 ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (bp), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½Π°
Π½ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°Π·Ρ (Tnos) ΠΈΠ· Agrobacterium tumefaciens ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π·Ρ (dfrA1) ΠΈΠ·
ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΎΠ½Π° Escherichia coli ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° 1.
ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° DNA, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° DNA, ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΠΈ
ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ DNA ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°.
2 ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ
ISO 21569, ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ
ISO 21571:2005, ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ
ISO 24276, ΠΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
3 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ISO 24276.
4 ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ
DNA ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ· Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· DNA ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ:
a) ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ DNA,
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π° PCR Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΉΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΌΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ 68 ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»ΡΠ½Π° (Linum usitatissimum) Π³Π΅Π½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ
ΡΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΎΠΈΠ»-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΊ-Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Ρ 2 (SAD) (Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° [1]).
b) ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Tnos-dfr Π² PCR Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° [1]).
5 Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ
ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²
ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³Π°ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ.
5.1 Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR
5.1.1 Π’Π΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ DNA-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π° (Π΄Π»Ρ PCR Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΌ).
5.1.2 ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR (ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄-
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Ρ dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dUTP).
ΠΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅
ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ.
5.1.3 ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ (ΡΠΌ. Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΡ 1).
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 1 β ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ
ΠΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΠ°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ DNA-ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π°
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ PCR
ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Tnos-dfr ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ (Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° [1]):
NOST-Spec FW 5β-AgC gCg CAA ACT Agg ATA AA-3β 800 Π½ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π»
NOST-Spec RV 5β-ACC TTC Cgg CTC gAT gTC TA-3β 800 Π½ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π»
a
NOST-Spec Probe 5β-(FAM)-CgC gCg Cgg TgT CAT CTA Tg-(BHQ)-3β 100 Π½ΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π»
a
FAM: 6-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½, BHQ: ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.
ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ»Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ/ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ-Π³Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ.
5.1.4 Π‘ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ DNA Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ
Π‘ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ DNA ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ (Π½Π³/ΠΌΠΊΠ») ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΉ
ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Tnos-dfr.
ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ DNA ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°Ρ DNA Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²
Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ, n , Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ
hgEq
Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ° Π»ΡΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ 0,7 ΠΏΠ³ (Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° [2]), ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π€ΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ (1):
[DNA]Γ1000
(1)
n ο½
hgEq
m
hg
Π³Π΄Π΅
[DNA] ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ DNA, Π² Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡ;
m ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°, Π² ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°Ρ
.
hg
ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ DNA
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Tnos-df, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 105 ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π³Π΅Π½Π° SAD, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ 68 ΠΏΠ°Ρ Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Tnos-dfr Π² ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
FP967 Π² Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ GM-ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
(ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π³Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ.
6 ΠΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°
6.1 ΠΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΌ. ISO 21569. Π Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅.
6.2 ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR
ΠΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ, Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR.
7 ΠΡΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±
ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ.
8 ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°
8.1 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°
Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ DNA, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±.
ΠΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ISO 21571 ΠΈ
ISO 24276.
8.2 ΠΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² DNA
ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² DNA ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠΌ
ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² ISO 21571. Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ DNA, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ISO 21571:2005, ΠΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ A.
8.3 ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ DNA
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ DNA Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° CTAB, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ 1 Π³ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ (ΡΠΌ. ISO 21571:2005, A.3.1).
ΠΠ·-Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ (Π³Π΅Π»Ρ-
ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊ Micro-spin).
ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ (Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ± Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ (Π‘ΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ° [1]).
8.4 ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR
ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° 25 ΠΌΠΊΠ» Π½Π° PCR. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ,
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ 2.
Π Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ, ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ
DNA. Π’ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ PCR Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²Π°,
Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ,
ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠΉ 5 ΠΌΠΊΠ» ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ DNA.
Π’Π°Π±Π»ΠΈΡΠ° 2 β ΠΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²
Π‘ΡΠΌΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ 25 ΠΌΠΊΠ»
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π° DNA (Π΄ΠΎ 200 Π½Π³) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ 5 ΠΌΠΊΠ»
a
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄Π»Ρ
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