ISO 23247-2:2021

Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing — Part 2: Reference architecture

This document provides a reference architecture for the digital twin in manufacturing including; — reference model from domain and entity point of view; — functional view specifying functional entities supported by the entity-based reference model.

Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Cadre technique de jumeau numérique dans un contexte de fabrication — Partie 2: Architecture de référence

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Oct-2021
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• ICS: 35.240.50 - IT applications in industry
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4 - Industrial data
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 15 - Digital manufacturing
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 07-Oct-2021
• Due Date: 18-Jan-2021
• Completion Date: 07-Oct-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23247-2
First edition
2021-10
Automation systems and
integration — Digital twin framework
for manufacturing —
Part 2:
Reference architecture
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Cadre
technique de jumeau numérique dans un contexte de fabrication —
Partie 2: Architecture de référence
Reference number
ISO 23247-2:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 23247-2:2021(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

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ISO 23247-2:2021(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Digital twin reference architecture: Goals and objectives . 2
5 Digital twin reference models for manufacturing . 2
5.1 Overview . 2
5.2 Domain-based reference model . 3
5.2.1 Domains of digital twin for manufacturing . 3
5.2.2 Observable manufacturing domain . 3
5.2.3 Device communication domain . 4
5.2.4 Digital twin domain . 4
5.2.5 User domain . 4
5.3 Entity-based reference model . 4
5.3.1 Entities of digital twin framework for manufacturing . 4
5.3.2 Device communication entity . 5
5.3.3 Digital twin entity . 5
5.3.4 User entity . 5
5.3.5 Cross-system entity . 5
6 Functional view of the digital twin reference architecture for manufacturing .6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Functional entities of the device communication entity . 6
6.2.1 Functional entities in the data collection sub-entity . 6
6.2.2 Functional entities in the device control sub-entity . 7
6.3 Functional entities in the digital twin entity . 7
6.3.1 Functional entities in the operation and management sub-entity . 7
6.3.2 Functional entities in application and service sub-entity . 7
6.3.3 Functional entities in the resource access and interchange sub-entity . 8
6.4 User interface FE . 8
6.5 Functional entities in the cross-system entity . 8
6.5.1 Data assurance FE . 8
6.5.2 Security support FE . 8
6.5.3 Data translation FE . 8
Bibliography . 9
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO 23247-2:2021(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23247 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

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ISO 23247-2:2021(E)

Introduction
The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to support the creation of digital twins of observable
manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, manufacturing processes, facilities,
environment, products, and supporting documents.
A digital twin assists with detecting anomalies in manufacturing processes to achieve functional
objectives such as real-time control, predictive maintenance, in-process adaptation, Big Data analytics,
and machine learning. A digital twin monitors its observable manufacturing element by constantly
updating relevant operational and environmental data. The visibility into process and execution
enabled by a digital twin enhances manufacturing operation and business cooperation
The type of manufacturing supported by an implementation of the ISO 23247 framework depends on
the standards and technologies available to model the observable manufacturing elements. Different
manufacturing domains can use different data standards. As a framework, this document does not
prescribe specific data formats and communication protocols.
The scopes of the four parts of this series are defined below:
— ISO 23247-1: General principles and requirements for developing digital twins in manufacturing;
— ISO 23247-2: Reference architecture with functional views;
— ISO 23247-3: List of basic information attributes for the observable manufacturing elements;
— ISO 23247-4: Technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the
reference architecture.
Figure 1 shows how the four parts of the series are related.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v

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ISO 23247-2:2021(E)

Figure 1 — ISO 23247 series structure
ISO 23247-4:2021, Annexes A to E, provide use cases that demonstrate the digital twin framework for
manufacturing.
The use cases are in the discrete manufacturing domain and the digital twins are modelled using the
ISO 10303 series. In other domains, different standards and technologies can be used. For example,
in oil and gas, the digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 15926 series, and for building and
construction, the digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 16739 series.
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23247-2:2021(E)
Automation systems and integration — Digital twin
framework for manufacturing —
Part 2:
Reference architecture
1 Scope
This document provides a reference architecture for the digital twin in manufacturing including;
— reference model from domain and entity point of view;
— functional view specifying functional entities supported by the entity-based reference model.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 30141, Internet of Things (IoT) — Reference Architecture
ISO 23247-1, Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing — Part 1:
Overview and general principles
ISO 23247-3, Automation systems and integration — Digital Twin framework for manufacturing—Part 3:
Digital representation of manufacturing elements
ISO 23247-4, Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing — Part 4:
Information exchange
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 23247-1 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following add
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 23247-2
ISO/TC 184/SC 4
Automation systems and
Secretariat: ANSI
integration — Digital twin framework
Voting begins on:
2021-06-18 for manufacturing —
Voting terminates on:
Part 2:
2021-08-13
Reference architecture
Partie 2: Architecture de référence
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 23247-2:2021(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. ISO 2021

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23247-2:2021(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23247-2:2021(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Digital twin reference architecture: Goals and objectives . 2
5 Digital twin reference models for manufacturing . 2
5.1 Overview . 2
5.2 Domain-based reference model . 3
5.2.1 Domains of digital twin for manufacturing . 3
5.2.2 Observable manufacturing domain . 3
5.2.3 Device communication domain . 4
5.2.4 Digital twin domain . 4
5.2.5 User domain . 4
5.3 Entity-based reference model . 4
5.3.1 Entities of digital twin framework for manufacturing . 4
5.3.2 Device communication entity . 5
5.3.3 Digital twin entity . 5
5.3.4 User entity . 5
5.3.5 Cross-system entity . 5
6 Functional view of the digital twin reference architecture for manufacturing .6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Functional entities of the device communication entity . 6
6.2.1 Functional entities in the data collection sub-entity . 6
6.2.2 Functional entities in the device control sub-entity . 7
6.3 Functional entities in the digital twin entity . 7
6.3.1 Functional entities in the operation and management sub-entity . 7
6.3.2 Functional entities in application and service sub-entity . 7
6.3.3 Functional entities in the resource access and interchange sub-entity . 8
6.4 User interface FE . 8
6.5 Functional entities in the cross-system entity . 8
6.5.1 Data assurance FE . 8
6.5.2 Security support FE . 8
6.5.3 Data translation FE . 8
Bibliography . 9
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii

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ISO/FDIS 23247-2:2021(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems and integration,
Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
A list of all parts in the ISO 23247 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23247-2:2021(E)

Introduction
The ISO 23247 series defines a framework to support the creation of digital twins of observable
manufacturing elements including personnel, equipment, materials, manufacturing processes, facilities,
environment, products, and supporting documents.
A digital twin assists with detecting anomalies in manufacturing processes to achieve functional
objectives such as real-time control, predictive maintenance, in-process adaptation, Big Data analytics,
and machine learning. A digital twin monitors its observable manufacturing element by constantly
updating relevant operational and environmental data. The visibility into process and execution
enabled by a digital twin enhances manufacturing operation and business cooperation
The type of manufacturing supported by an implementation of the ISO 23247 framework depends on
the standards and technologies available to model the observable manufacturing elements. Different
manufacturing domains can use different data standards. As a framework, this document does not
prescribe specific data formats and communication protocols.
The scopes of the four parts of this series are defined below:
— ISO 23247-1: General principles and requirements for developing digital twins in manufacturing;
— ISO 23247-2: Reference architecture with functional views;
— ISO 23247-3: List of basic information attributes for the observable manufacturing elements;
— ISO 23247-4: Technical requirements for information exchange between entities within the
reference architecture.
Figure 1 shows how the four parts of the series are related.
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 23247-2:2021(E)

Figure 1 — ISO 23247 series structure
1)
ISO 23247-4:— , Annexes A to E, provide use cases that demonstrate the digital twin framework for
manufacturing.
The use cases are in the discrete manufacturing domain and the digital twins are modelled using the
ISO 10303 series. In other domains, different standards and technologies can be used. For example,
in oil and gas, the digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 15926 series, and for building and
construction, the digital twins may be modelled using the ISO 16739 series.
1) Under preparation. (Stage at the time of publication: ISO/FDIS 23247-4:2021.)
vi © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 23247-2:2021(E)
Automation systems and integration — Digital twin
framework for manufacturing —
Part 2:
Reference architecture
1 Scope
This document provides a reference architecture for the digital twin in manufacturing including;
— reference model from domain and entity point of view;
— functional view specifying functional entities supported by the entity-based reference model.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 30141, Internet of Things (IoT) — Reference Architecture
ISO 23247-1, Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manufacturing — Part 1:
Overview and general principles
ISO 23247-3, Automation systems and integration — Digital Twin framework for manufacturing—Part 3:
Digital representation of manufacturing elements
ISO 23247-4, Automation systems and integration — Digital twin framework for manuf
...