ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011

Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods — Part 6: Test methods for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz

ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011 defines test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in ISO/IEC 18000-6, but does not apply to the testing of conformity with regulatory or similar requirements. The test methods require only that the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are implemented, be verified. This can, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case. The interrogator and tag conformance parameters in ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011 are the following: type-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances; parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability. The following are not included in ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011: parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements; high-level data encoding conformance test parameters (these are specified in ISO/IEC 15962). Unless otherwise specified, the tests in ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011 are to be applied exclusively to RFID tags and interrogators defined in ISO/IEC 18000-6.

Technologies de l'information — Méthodes d'essai de conformité du dispositif d'identification de radiofréquence — Partie 6: Méthodes d'essai pour des communications d'une interface d'air à 860 MHz et jusqu'à 960 MHz

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 10-Jan-2011
• Withdrawal Date: 10-Jan-2011
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 30-Jul-2012

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 18047-6:2012 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods — Part 6: Test methods for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
• Effective Date: 23-Apr-2011
• Revises: ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2008 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods — Part 6: Test methods for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
• Effective Date: 19-Dec-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
18047-6
Third edition
2011-01-15


Information technology — Radio
frequency identification device
conformance test methods —
Part 6:
Test methods for air interface
communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
Technologies de l'information — Méthodes d'essai de conformité du
dispositif d'identification de radiofréquence —
Partie 6: Méthodes d'essai pour des communications d'une interface
d'air à 860 MHz et jusqu'à 960 MHz




Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2011

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction.vii
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms .2
3.1 Terms and definitions .2
3.2 Symbols.2
3.3 Abbreviated terms.3
3.4 Default conditions applicable to the test methods .3
3.4.1 Test environment.3
3.4.2 Pre-conditioning.3
3.4.3 Default tolerance .3
3.4.4 Noise floor at test location .3
3.4.5 Total measurement uncertainty.3
4 Setup of test equipment.4
4.1 Setup of test equipment for interrogator tests.4
4.1.1 General .4
4.1.2 Sense antenna .4
4.1.3 Test apparatus and test circuits for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type A and B interrogator .4
4.1.4 Test apparatus and test circuits for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C interrogator .5
4.2 Setup of test equipment for tag tests.5
4.2.1 General .5
4.2.2 Test apparatus and test circuits for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type A, B and D tags.6
4.2.3 Test apparatus and test circuits for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C tags .7
5 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type A .8
5.1 Functional tests of interrogator .8
5.1.1 Interrogator modulation test .8
5.1.2 Interrogator demodulation and turn around time .8
5.2 Functional tests of tag .9
5.2.1 Tag demodulation and turn around time .9
5.2.2 Tag backscatter .10
5.2.3 Tag response time.11
5.2.4 Tag bit rate .12
5.2.5 Tag state storage time .12
6 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type B .13
6.1 Functional tests of interrogator .13
6.1.1 Interrogator modulation test .13
6.1.2 Interrogator demodulation and turn around time .14
6.2 Functional tests of tag .15
6.2.1 Tag demodulation and turn around time .15
6.2.2 Tag backscatter .16
6.2.3 Tag response time.17
6.2.4 Tag bit rate .17
6.2.5 Tag state storage time .18
7 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C .19
7.1 Tag functional tests.19
7.1.1 Tag Frequency range .19
7.1.2 Tag demodulation capability.20
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
7.1.3 Tag duty cycle. 21
7.1.4 Tag preamble. 23
7.1.5 Tag link frequency tolerance and variation . 24
7.1.6 Tag link timing T1 . 25
7.1.7 Tag link timing T2 . 26
7.1.8 Tag state diagram . 29
7.2 Interrogator functional tests. 30
7.2.1 Interrogator data encoding. 30
7.2.2 Interrogator RF envelope parameters . 32
7.2.3 Interrogator RF power-up and power-down parameters . 33
7.2.4 Interrogator preamble parameters. 34
7.2.5 Interrogator link timing T2 . 35
7.2.6 Interrogator link timing T3 . 36
7.2.7 Interrogator link timing T4 . 37
8 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type D. 39
8.1 Functional tests of interrogator . 39
8.1.1 Interrogator modulation test. 39
8.1.2 Interrogator demodulation and data decoding. 39
8.2 Functional tests of tag . 41
8.2.1 Tag backscatter. 41
8.2.2 Data encoding . 42
8.2.3 Link bits . 43
8.2.4 Tag Timing Parameters . 43
8.2.5 Tag bit rate. 45
8.2.6 Tag multi-page timing . 45
8.2.7 Tag LBT. 46
9 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Battery Assisted Passive (BAP) Type C. 46
9.1 Tag functional tests. 46
9.1.1 Battery assisted Passive tag persistence time test . 46
10 Conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Sensor support . 48
10.1 Tag functional tests. 48
10.1.1 Simple sensor test. 48
10.1.2 Full-function sensor test. 49
Annex A (informative) Test measurement site . 50
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated
fields. 50
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber. 50
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 51
A.1.3 Open area test site (OATS) . 52
A.1.4 Test antenna. 53
A.1.5 Substitution antenna . 54
A.1.6 Measuring antenna . 54
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement. 54
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 55
A.2.1 Verification of the test site. 55
A.2.2 Preparation of the DUT. 55
A.2.3 Power supplies to the DUT . 55
A.2.4 Range length . 55
A.2.5 Site preparation. 56
A.3 Coupling of signals. 57
A.3.1 General. 57
A.3.2 Data Signals . 57
A.4 Standard test position. 57
A.5 Test fixture. 57
A.5.1 Description . 58
A.5.2 Calibration . 58
A.5.3 Mode of use. 59
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
Annex B (normative) Command coding for conformance tests for the different types of
ISO/IEC 18000-6 .60
B.1 Command coding for type A .60
B.1.1 Init_round_all command and response .60
B.1.2 Next slot command and response.60
B.2 Command coding for type B .61
B.2.1 GROUP_SELECT_EQ command and response .61
Annex C (normative) State-transition tables.62
Annex D (normative) Technical performance of the digital oscilloscope.63
Annex E (normative) Technical performance of the spectrum analyser .64
Annex F (normative) Tag emulator .65
Annex G (informative) Measurement examples.67
G.1 Tag response time measurement .67
G.2 Tag bit rate accuracy measurement.67
Annex H (normative) Technical performance of the vector signal generator .68
Annex I (normative) Reference antenna.69
Bibliography.70

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from
that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide to
publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and shall be subject to review
every five years in the same manner as an International Standard.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 18047-6 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2008), which has been
technically revised.
ISO/IEC TR 18047 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification device conformance test methods:
⎯ Part 2: Test methods for air interface communications below 135 kHz
⎯ Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
⎯ Part 4: Test methods for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
⎯ Part 6: Test methods for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
⎯ Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz

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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 18000 defines the air interfaces for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices used in item
management applications. ISO/IEC 18000-6 defines the air interface for these devices operating at
frequencies from 860 MHz to 960 MHz.
ISO/IEC TR 18047 provides test methods for conformance with the various parts of ISO/IEC 18000.
Each part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 contains all measurements required to be made on a product in order to
establish whether it conforms to the corresponding part of ISO/IEC 18000. For this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047,
each interrogator and each tag needs to support at least one of the types A or B or C or D.
NOTE Measurement of tag and interrogator performance is covered by the multiple parts of ISO/IEC 18046.
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TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification device
conformance test methods —
Part 6:
Test methods for air interface communications at 860 MHz to
960 MHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 defines test methods for determining the conformance of radio frequency
identification (RFID) devices (tags and interrogators) for item management with the specifications given in
ISO/IEC 18000-6, but does not apply to the testing of conformity with regulatory or similar requirements.
The test methods require only that the mandatory functions, and any optional functions which are
implemented, be verified. This can, in appropriate circumstances, be supplemented by further, application-
specific functionality criteria that are not available in the general case.
The interrogator and tag conformance parameters in this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 are the following:
• type-specific conformance parameters including nominal values and tolerances;
• parameters that apply directly affecting system functionality and inter-operability.
The following are not included in this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047:
• parameters that are already included in regulatory test requirements;
• high-level data encoding conformance test parameters (these are specified in ISO/IEC 15962).
Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this part of ISO/IEC TR 18047 are to be applied exclusively to
RFID tags and interrogators defined in ISO/IEC 18000-6.
Clause 5 describes all necessary conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type A.
Clause 6 describes all necessary conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type B.
Clause 7 describes all necessary conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C.
Clause 8 describes all necessary conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type D.
Clause 9 describes all necessary conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C Battery Assisted Passive
(BAP), whereas optional features will only be tested when supported.
Clause 10 describes all necessary conformance tests for ISO/IEC 18000-6 Type C Sensor support, whereas
optional features will only be tested when supported.
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendment s) applies.
ISO/IEC 18000-6, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 6:
Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC)
techniques — Harmonized vocabulary
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 apply.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply.
D Modulation depth of data coding pulse
d1 Distance between the interrogator and test antenna
d2 Distance between test antenna and DUT tag
ds Distance between the interrogator antenna and sense antenna
dT,IA Interrogator antenna to tag distance
dT,MA Measurement antenna to tag distance
dTE Distance between the interrogator antenna and tag emulator
GI Interrogator antenna gain
GIA Gain of interrogator antenna
GMA Gain of measurement antenna
K Calibration factor
L Maximum interrogator antenna dimension
M Modulation index
PI Delivered power at the carrier frequency
PM Measured power at the carrier frequency
Tf Fall time
Tr Rise time
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ISO/IEC TR 18047-6:2011(E)
3.3 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply.
DUT Device under test
RCS Radar cross-section
ΔRCS Change in radar cross-section
RBW Resolution bandwidth
VBW Video bandwidth
3.4 Default conditions applicable to the test methods
3.4.1 Test environment
Unless otherwise specified, testing shall take place in an environment of temperature 23 °C ± 3 °C and of
non-condensing humidity from 40 % to 60 %.
3.4.2 Pre-conditioning
Where pre-conditioning is required by the test method, the interrogators and tags to be tested shall be
conditioned to the test environment for an appropriate time period, which shall be recorded.
3.4.3 Default tolerance
Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of ± 5 % shall be applied to the quantity values given to specify
the characteristics of the test equipment (e.g. linear dimensions) and the test method procedures (e.g. test
equipment adjustments).
3.4.4 Noise floor at test location
Noise floor at test location shall be measured with the spectrum analyser using the same conditions as for the
measurement of the DUT.
The spectrum analyser shall measure the noise for at least 1 minute.
The maximum of the measured amplitude shall be 20 dB below the value of the amplitude of the measured
tag backscatter operating at minimum power (P , see clause 5.2.2.2), and the tag placed at 10 λ from the
I,min
measurement antenna.
Special attention has to be given to spurious emissions, e.g., insufficiently shielded computer monitors. The
electromagnetic test conditions of the measurements shall be checked by performing the measurements with
and without a tag in the field.
3.4.5 Total measurement uncertainty
The total measurement uncertainty for each quantity determined by these test methods shall be stated in the
test report.
NOTE Basic information is given in ISO Guide 98-3:2008.
© ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved 3

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