ISO 15531-31:2004

Industrial automation systems and integration — Industrial manufacturing management data — Part 31: Resource information model

ISO 15531-31:2004 is an introduction to the ISO 15531-3x series of ISO 15531. It describes the universe of discourse of this International Standard as well as the resources information model. It provides the main principles used in this series of parts of ISO 15531.

Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Données de gestion de fabrication industrielle — Partie 31: Modèle d'information des ressources

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-May-2004
• ICS: 25.040.40 - Industrial process measurement and control
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4 - Industrial data
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 184/SC 4/WG 8 - Joint SC 4 - SC 5 WG : Manufacturing process and management information
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 06-Dec-2019

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 13585:2012 - Brazing — Qualification test of brazers and brazing operators
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15531-31
First edition
2004-05-15

Industrial automation systems and
integration — Industrial manufacturing
management data —
Part 31:
Resource information model
Systèmes d'automatisation industrielle et intégration — Données de
gestion de fabrication industrielle —
Partie 31: Modèle d'information des ressources



Reference number
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO 2004
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)

Contents      Page


1. Scope . 1
2. Normative references . 2
3. Terms, definitions, and abbreviations . 3
3.1. Terms defined in ISO 10303-1. 3
3.2. Terms defined in ISO 10303-11. 3
3.3. Terms defined in ISO 15531-1. 3
3.4. Terms defined in ISO 14258 . 4
3.5. Other definitions. 4
3.6. Abbreviations . 6
4. Overview of resource management universe of discourse . 6
5. Structure of ISO 15531-3x series . 7
6. Fundamental principles . 8
6.1. Modelling Concept and Constructs . 9
6.2. Object and Resource Change State Sections . 10
6.2.1 Input Section . 10
6.2.2 Transformation Section . 10
6.2.3 Output Section. 10
6.2.4 Resource Information Model (RIM) . 10
7. Relation to ISO 15531-2x series and ISO 15531-4x series. 13
Annex A (normative) ASN.1 Identifier of ISO 15531-31.14
Annex B (normative) Scope of ISO 15531-3x series. 15
Annex C (informative) Relation of ISO 15531-3x series of parts with other related standards. 16
Annex D (informative) Systems, resources, capability, capacity and time . 18
Bibliography. 27
Index. 28

Figures

Figure 1 - Model for representation of business processes and structures . 9
Figure 2 - Structure of resource information model . 11
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)

Figure D.1: Production or manufacturing system . 22
Figure D.2 : IDEF0 actigram. 23
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15531-31 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and
integration, Subcommittee SC 4, Industrial data.
 A complete list of parts of ISO 15531 is available from the Internet at:
http://www.tc184-sc4.org/titles/MANDATE_titles.rtf

© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)

Introduction



Resources form the basis and technological foundation of any manufacturing system. The efficient use

of resources is the main goal of cost management which, in turn, directly contributes to market
success.

Different aspects of the resources depend on the viewpoint being considered. The choice of a specific
aspect is a way of reducing complexity.

Therefore, future concepts for business process development and resource management require:

— an integrated view of the complete set of business processes and the relevant resource
management activities;
— an integrated resource management including interfaces to external manufacturing unit.
NOTE external-manufacturing unit may be for example suppliers or subsidiaries.
Resource attributes and the required capabilities and capacities for manufacturing processes have to be
described by data modelling, so that they can be communicated and used more efficiently for resource
usage management. The means of information representation should therefore be standardized.

EXAMPLE resources attributes may be capability, capacity, and status.

In this International Standard the only aspect under consideration is the management of resources usage.
The objective is to describe the resource management information to enable an unhindered flow of
information between all systems and humans involved.


vi © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15531-31:2004(E)


Industrial automation systems and integration 
Industrial manufacturing management data 
Part 31:
Resource information model


1. Scope

According to the scope ISO 15531-3X series that is reminded in annex A of this document, ISO
15531-31 is an introduction to the ISO 15531-3x series of part of ISO 15531. It describes the universe
of discourse of this standard as well as the resources information model. It provides the main
principles used in this series of parts of ISO 15531.

The following are within in the scope of this Part of ISO 15531:

— general overview of the parts 15531-3x series;
— definitions of terms used;
— fundamental principles used for conceptual model of resource usage management data;
— description of the resources information model (RIM);
— derivation process of identification and description of resources;
— structure of the standard and relationships between this series of parts and the others series of
parts the standard is composed;
— use of standard (informative).
The following are out of the scope of this part of ISO 15531:
— detailed description of the resource information model;
— EXPRESS description of the model and related entities;
— definition of detailed level concepts and entities;
NOTE - Those three items are developed in the part 32 of ISO 15531 : Conceptual model for resources usage
management data.
1
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
2. Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO/IEC 8824-1, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) — Part 1:
Specification of basic notation
ISO 10303-1, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles
ISO 10303-11, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual
ISO 10303-41, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 41: Integrated generic resources: Fundamentals of product description and support
ISO 10303-49, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and
exchange — Part 49: Integrated generic resources: Process structure and properties
ISO 13584-1, Industrial automation systems and integration — Parts library — Part 1: Overview
and fundamental principles
ISO 14258, Industrial automation systems — Concepts and rules for enterprise models
ISO 15531-1, Industrial automation systems and integration — Industrial manufacturing management
data — Part 1: General overview
2
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)

3. Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1. Terms defined in ISO 10303-1

This part of ISO 15531 makes use of the following terms defined in ISO 10303-1:

— conformance testing;
— data;
— data exchange;
— information;
— product;
— product data.
3.2. Terms defined in ISO 10303-11
This part of ISO 15531 makes use of the following terms defined in ISO 10303-11:
— entity.
3.3. Terms defined in ISO 15531-1

This part of ISO 15531 makes use of the following termes defined in ISO 15531-1:

— capability;
— capacity;
— construct;
— enterprise entity;
— model ;
— process;
— resource;
— universe of discourse.
3
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
3.4. Terms defined in ISO 14258
— enterprise;
— enterprise model;
3.5. Other definitions

For the purposes of this part of ISO 15531, the following definitions apply.

3.5.1
attribute
a piece of information stating a property of an enterprise entity.
NOTE – The concept provided here to the broad concept of entity as defined in European standard ENV 12204.
The term entity used in the definition provided by the ENV 12204 has been replaced here by enterprise entity as
in ISO 15531-1 to avoid any confusion and inconsistency with the reserved term “entity” defined in ISO 10303.
The usage of this concept has been limited to the area of concern of ISO 15531 in order to enable the use of the
term “enterprise entity” instead of “entity”, and the field of application of the term attribute is restricted to
enterprise entities.
3.5.2
business process
a partially ordered set of activities of an enterprise which can be executed to realise a given objective
of the enterprise or a part of the enterprise to achieve some desired end-result.

3.5.3
classification
the process of arranging abstractions into a structure organised according to their distinguishing
properties.

3.5.4
definition of resource characteristics
set of resources properties that are characterised by physical values.
NOTE - Those physical values may be qualitative or quantitative.
3.5.5
definition of resource views
classified set of resource views.
NOTE - Those resource view may be defined either by the user or catalogues.
4
 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
3.5.6
generic resource
structure belonging to resource hierarchy and encompassing the common properties of several
resources.
NOTE - The corresponding entity generic_resource includes a complete definition of the related attribute
without link to actual value.
3.5.7
object
concept or a physical thing which may exist in the real world.

3.5.8
operation
the completion of an action or work element to realise a specific result.

3.5.9
order
a construct which represents the necessary input for a business process that co-ordinates and controls
some other business process or activity.

3.5.10
property
a real world characteristic which is represented by either attributes or constraints.

3.5.11
resource characteristic
main property of a resource according to a given purpose.
NOTE 1 - In ISO 15531 resource characteristics are mainly related to the management of the manufacturing
resources.
3.5.12
resource configuration
set of properties of resource configured for a specific manufacturing task.

3.5.13
resource hierarchy
structure designed to enable a classification of resources.

3.5.14
resources information model (RIM)
model of information addressing management of resources usage.
5
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
3.5.15
resource status
property which identifies an individual resource availability at some point in time.

3.5.16
resource view
specific set of resource characteristic associated to a given purpose.

3.5.17
structure of resource characteristics
set of classified resource characteristics.
3.6. Abbreviations
For the purpose of this part of ISO 15531, the following abbreviation applies.

RIM  resources information model
4. Overview of resource management universe of discourse

This series of parts refers to the resource usage management. This clause then describes the universe
of discourses of resource management, while clause 5 describes the structures of the ISO 15531-31
series of part and clause 6 provides the requirements for resources management and the basic
principles of the Resource Information Model.
NOTE 1 The description of the universe of discourse of resource usage (see the definition of this term in ISO
FDIS 15531-1 clause 3-6-50) and requirements for a model of resource usage management data are different.
For example the universe of discourse of resources may include their description or their maintenance process,
while the usage management model may not address this topics. The requirements for such a model will be
described in clause 6 of this standard.
Resources usage management includes resource configuration, capabilities and capacities as well as
operation management, installation management and facilities management. It also includes quality
features, maintenance features, and safety features.
NOTE 2 maintenance features are exclusively considered regarding the point of view of the resource
management (e.g. availability).
Three different aspects must be considered about the resources:

— their description, their usage and their maintenance;
— the description of the functionality a resource is able to provide, its capacity and capability;
— the information model used to trigger, estimate and monitor the resource.

6
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
This series of parts clearly do not address the first item whether it is considered as raw material or
intermediate product. That means that ISO 15531-3x series of parts do not address resources in term of
product description as it could be made using ISO 10303. Resource information model described in
this part includes neither the modelling of the resource shape nor the description of its usage in the
meaning of its way of working (operations instructions).
NOTE 3  ISO 15531 does not describe the way of working of a drilling machine excepted in term of capability
and capacity. The milling machine modelling in term of its component description is the domain of ISO 10303,
ISO 13584 or "cutting tools" standards. ISO 15531-31 addresses only the management data of the milling
machine.
The description of capacities and capabilities of the resources (the functionality) is modelled at a very
generic level. That allows any modeller to use this generic model, eventually in conjunction with other
standards (e.g. ISO 10303, ISO 13584), to make up a more precise resource model aimed at a specific
industrial activity, or a specific function.

This series of parts of ISO 15531 deal with model, and attributes of data capable of being stored in an
industrial company's resource database for the purpose of manufacturing management. They address
the following data:

— performance metrics;
— input and output resources definition;
— capacity and capability;
— tools and application software needed in conjunction with specific activities;
— capacity of internal controls and intelligence;
— information input and output capability and capacity;
— standard references for resources;
— maintenance scheduling and monitoring;
— cost elements.
5. Structure of ISO 15531-3x series

ISO 15531-3x series of part on manufacturing resource usage management data is divided into three
parts. Although they are strongly connected and related, this series of parts address specific concerns
and are developed separately. A general overview provides principles and concepts to preserve
consistency and to describe the relationships between them.

The numbering of the standard is the following:

— ISO 15531-31: Resources information model basic principles;
7
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
— ISO 15531-32: Conceptual model for resources usage management data.

Some of the information to be represented in ISO 15531-2x series of parts comes from the outside of
the enterprise, and is used throughout the entire production cycle to be ultimately returned to the
environment. In any case, data exchanged during the production cycle are strongly related to system
management and to time and flow models as described. Part 31 describes the fundamental principles
and gives an overview of the 15531-3x series. Part 32 describes the conceptual model for resource
usage management data based on a special modelling concept and constructs and provides a resource
information model (RIM). Part 33 describes the conformance testing procedure and results.
EXAMPLE – Environment includes suppliers, customers, subsidiaries, and others partners.
6. Fundamental principles

The conceptual model of resource management is a way for modelling resource management activities
and the information required to perform these activities. Its objective is to provide a method for
describing the usage management of resources in business processes and all related information.

Planning and managing resources relating business process to resource usage management require:

— a representation of the information needed by the business process;
— a representation of the information about management activities necessary for planning and
controlling the resources;
— a representation of the resource information and attributes;
Conceptual models of resource usage management require:
— the modelling elements;
— the modelling of information needed for processes and information about the processes required
for performing the resource management activities.
NOTE - Modelling elements includes resources
EXAMPLE –. Machines, software, data set, human, information

The following sections describe modelling concepts and constructs to represent these requirements and
provide an outline of the structure and elements of a resource information model, which enable
resource usage management.

8
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
6.1. Modelling Concept and Constructs

The representation of manufacturing business processes and related complex structures in a model
requires a modelling language, which adequately represents the information, attributes, structures and
processes needed for resource management.

A business activity is a purpose-driven change of one or more objects. These changes require direct or
indirect planning and scheduling and are executed by resources, which own the needed capability.
Objects which are transformed by a resource are objects of the generic classes product (Product
Development, Production,.), Order (Order Processing, Order Decomposition,.), Resource (Resource
Planning, Resource Management, Maintenance,.) or their respective subclasses. An order, electronic
software or human control does ordering and controlling resources.

The enabling information for a resource to execute the transformation is part of the resource
description [3].

Each resource within a business process can be considered in the following manner (see Figure1):

— the first stage is the description of the object(s) (material or information, orders, products or other
resources) to be transformed within the resource;
— the second stage describes the transformation during which the task itself is achieved;
— the third stage is of the description of the object(s), which have been transformed by the resource.

st nd rd
1 STAGE  2 STAGE   3 STAGE


Object to be  Order initiate  Object are
Transformed  the execution  transformed
(Product, Order or    (Product, Order or
Resource)     Resource



Object    ACTION   Object
(Status n)     (Status n+1)




   Resource
   Executes
- physical
- informational


Figure 1 - Model for representation of business processes and structures [1]


9
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
6.2. Object and Resource Change State Sections
6.2.1 Input Section

Objects are subject to constraints prior to transformation. The input section, before transformation
occurs, defines the format of object entries.
NOTE - Usually there is more than one possibility accepted by the resource and, as a result, the definition of the
constraints and attributes will be a list or a generic definition.
6.2.2 Transformation Section

This section represents the transformation capabilities and the capacity the resource is able to provide
to the outside.
6.2.3 Output Section

Objects released from the resource are also subject to constraints. The output section relates
transformed objects is defining under which form and with which support, the objects have to leave
the resource (see 6.2.1 Input Section).

Representing the related and affected processes of resource usage management with the above
described concept and constructs leads to the elements of a Resource Information Model enabling and
supporting resource usage management.

6.2.4 Resource Information Model (RIM)

A complete representation of manufacturing resources, e.g. shape aspects, is not within scope of
ISO15531-3X series. Only data relevant for decision-making regarding to the usage of resources, e.g.
within process planning or job scheduling, are considered. In order to meet all tasks, the information
model is structured in a modular way (see Figure 2).

The entity resource forms the central element within the schema. Each further description
classifying or detailing a resource’s characteristics is related to resource. The schema’s entities can
be clustered into logical units including:

 resource hierarchy ;

 structure of resource characteristics ;

 resource status;

 definition of resource views ;

 definition of resource characteristics

10
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)
 resource configuration.

“A resource hierarchy can be represented by instantiating a resource group. A generic resource
captures generic characteristics of a resource type. A specific resource is the specialisation of a generic
resource and captures a set of characteristics which represent a resource which can or does exist. The
individual resource represents the occurrences of manufacturing resources within the business.

For resource usage management purposes a resource characteristic comprises information about a
resource. The assignment of a resource characteristic classification to a resource characteristic enables
this information to be distinguished into:



Definition of Resource Characteristics
Qualitative Value Quantitative Value
Value Representation
 Definition of
Resource
Resource Views
Structure of Resource Characteristics
status
User-defined
Resource Resource Resource Resource
View
Administration Constitution Capability Capacity
Tabular
Layout of
Characteristic Groups
Article
Characteristic
Resource
Resource
Configuration
Resource Hierarchy
Resource Generic Specific Individual
Group Resource Resource Resource
Figure 2 - Structure of resource information model [5]


 resource_administration ;


 resource_capability ;

 resource_constitution;
11
© ISO 2004 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 17 ----------------------
ISO 15531-31:2004(E)

 resource_capacity.

A resource_administration represents a group of characteristics describing administrative
information on manufacturing resources.

EXAMPLE 1: the fact that a machine is available or not, that it shall be stopped for maintenance, or send to
another plant may be resource_administration information.

A resource_capability defines a group of characteristics specifying manufacturing resources
under functional aspects. In particular this comprises the specification of resource-specific
manufacturing processes.

A resource_constitution represents a group of characteristics describing the constitution of
manufacturing resources.

A resource_capacity defines a group of characteristics dealing with job scheduling related
resource data

EXAMPLE 2 The workload an individual_resource is able to provide. ISO 15531-1 provides some
more explanation on capability and capacity concepts in its annex B.

A definition of a resource_view is derived by a specific aggregation of
resource_characteristics. A resource_view is assigned to a generic_resource and can
either be represented by a resource_tabular_layout_of_article_characteristic, e.g.
regarding to DIN 4000, or by a resource_user_defined_view.

Representing a resource hierarchy and defining a resource view form the first instantiation level of the
generic model. A partial model has to be derived in order to configure the model regarding to user-
specific demands. Instantiating resource_group and generic_resource, including the definition
of a resource_view gen
...