ISO 16328:2001
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Gyro-compasses for high-speed craft
Ships and marine technology — Gyro-compasses for high-speed craft
Navires et technologie maritime — Compas gyroscopiques pour navires à grande vitesse
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16328
First edition
2001-08-15
Ships and marine technology —
Gyro-compasses for high-speed craft
Navires et technologie maritime — Compas gyroscopiques pour navires à
grande vitesse
Reference number
ISO 16328:2001(E)
©
ISO 2001
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ISO 16328:2001(E)
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ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16328:2001(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Construction.3
4.1 Gyro-compass equipment .3
4.2 Continuous operation .3
4.3 Bearing repeater compass.3
4.4 Graduation and digital display .3
4.5 Illumination.3
4.6 Lubber line.3
4.7 Fore and aft mark.3
4.8 Installation.4
4.9 Speed error correction .4
4.10 Heading information.4
4.11 Status signal.4
4.12 Alarm signal .4
4.13 Heading information.4
4.14 Power supply.4
4.15 Interface .4
5 Performance requirements.4
5.1 Accuracy in latitudes up to 70�� .4
��
5.2 Other requirements.5
6 Type tests .6
6.1 Construction.6
6.2 Settling time test.6
6.3 Settle-point-error test .6
6.4 Settle point heading repeatability test.6
6.5 Settling time on a Scorsby table .6
6.6 Scorsby test .7
6.7 Intercardinal motion test.7
6.8 Repeater accuracy test .8
6.9 Speed error correction test.8
6.10 General requirement test .8
6.11 Interface .10
7 Marking and identification .11
8 Information .11
Annex A (normative) Advice to ship surveyors for installation of gyro-compasses and repeater
compasses on board craft.12
Annex B (informative) Vehicle test .13
Annex C (informative) Equivalent requirements in this International Standard and IMO Resolutions.14
Bibliography.16
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ISO 16328:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 16328 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology,
Subcommittee SC 6, Navigation, in collaboration with Technical Committee IEC/TC 80, Maritime navigation and
radiocommunication equipment and systems, in accordance with ISO/IEC mode of cooperation 2.
Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes B and C are for information only.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16328:2001(E)
Ships and marine technology — Gyro-compasses for high-speed
craft
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the construction, performance and testing for gyro-compass for high-speed
craft required by chapter X, SOLAS 1974 (as amended, 1996).
NOTE All requirements that are extracted from the recommendations of IMO Resolutions [Resolution A.821(19) on
performance standards for gyro-compasses for high-speed craft and A.694(17)]are printedinitalics.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 694, Ships and marine technology — Positioning of magnetic compasses in ships.
IEC 60945, Marine navigational equipment — General requirements — Methods of testing and required test
results.
IEC 61162 (all parts), Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems — Digital interfaces.
IMO A.424 (XI), Performance standards for gyro compasses.
IMO Resolution A.694 (17), General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming part of the global
maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and for electronic navigational aids.
IMO Resolution A.821(19), Performance standards for gyro-compasses for high-speed craft.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
gyro-compass
complete equipment including all essential elements of the complete design, including both the gyro-compass as
heading sensor and the associated heading transmission system
3.2
true heading
horizontal angle between the vertical plane passing through the true meridian and the vertical plane passing
through the craft's fore and aft datum line
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ISO 16328:2001(E)
NOTE 1 It is measured from true north (000�) clockwise through 360�.
NOTE 2 When the gyro-compass equipment is tested on the test stand, this "true heading" is regarded as the true heading of
the lubber line. Where a gyro-compass has the facility of introducing a correction by moving the lubber line, the correction is set
for the local latitude.
3.3
settled
stable situation when any three readings taken at intervals of 30 min are within a band of 0,7�, with the compass
level and stationary
NOTE The settling time is the elapsed time between the time of switch-on at the initial heading error and the third recording
of the settle.
3.4
settle point heading
mean value of ten readings taken at 20 min intervals after the compass has settled (3.3)
3.5
settle point error
difference between the settle point heading (3.4) and the true heading
3.6
error
difference between the observed value and the settle point heading (3.4)
3.7
repeater compass
device that reproduces the master compass card at a remote location
3.8
bearing repeater compass
device that reproduces the master compass card for the purpose of taking bearings
3.9
compass card
graduated dial of the compass which indicates the measured direction of the meridian
3.10
latitude error
error to which some gyro-compasses are subject, the magnitude and sign of which depend upon the local latitude
3.11
speed error
error to which gyro-compasses are subject, the magnitude and sign of which depend upon the speed, course and
latitude of the craft
3.12
lubber line
index line situated on the body of the gyro-compass or repeater compass against which the compass card is read
3.13
master compass
main compass unit which supplies the heading information to the repeaters and other navigational aids
3.14
scorsby table
test machine which independently oscillates a platform about three axes, and is used to simulate the motion of a
craft
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ISO 16328:2001(E)
4 Construction
Requirements for gyro-compass units.
1)
4.1 Gyro-compass equipment
Gyro-compass equipment shall include the provision of a compass card or analogue repeater for steering purposes
and equipment for the purpose of taking a bearing.
4.2 Continuous operation
The equipment shall be capable of continuous operation under conditions of vibration, humidity, change of
temperature and variations of the power supply, as specified in 6.10.
1)
4.3 Bearing repeater compass
For those crafts which are required to carry a bearing repeater compass, the construction of these shall be as
follows.
a) The bearing repeater compass shall be designed to be fitted with an azimuth-reading device.
b) A gimbal mechanism shall be provided to enable the bearing repeater compass card to be held horizontally
against the craft's motion.
4.4 Graduation and digital display
The compass card shall be graduated at equal intervals of 1� or a fraction thereof. The graduation error shall be
less than� 0,2�. A numerical indication shall be provided at least at every 10�, starting from 000� clockwise through
360�.
A digital display may be provided. When a digital display is provided, the course shall be displayed as three digits
plus, optionally, a fourth digit indicating tenths of a degree. When a gyro-compass with digital display is used, it
shall incorporate a turning direction indicator.
4.5 Illumination
Adequate illumination shall be provided to enable the reading of all compass cards at all times. Facilities for
dimming shall be provided.
4.6 Lubber line
Devices using a compass card shall be provided with a lubber line to indicate the craft's heading.
4.7 Fore and aft mark
If technically necessary, the compass shall be marked in a way to facilitate installation so that the lubber line lies in
a vertical fore and aft plane of the craft or parallel. Where a gyro-compass has the facility of introducing a correction
by moving the lubber line, the correction during installation shall be set to zero.
If such marks or identifications are not in the same vertical plane as the uncorrected lubber line, then the horizontal
angular relationship between them shall be clearly indicated in the manufacturer’s installation instruction.
1) Advice to ship surveyors for installation on board craft is given in normative annex A.
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ISO 16328:2001(E)
4.8 Installation
The master compass shall be installed or adjusted in a craft with the fore and aft datum lines parallel to the craft’s
fore and aft datum line to within � 0,5�. The lubber line shall be in the same vertical plane passing through the
center of the card of the compass and shall be aligned accurately.
4.9 Speed error correction
Means shall be provided for correcting the errors induced by speed and latitude. An approved accurate speed
source shall be used for automatic speed error corrections.
4.10 Heading information
The gyro-compass shall be designed to enable heading information to be provided to other navigational aids.
4.11 Status signal
A status signal shall be provided to indicate that the gyro-compass is ready for use.
4.12 Alarm signal
An alarm signal shall be provided to indicate that the gyro-compass has suffered an external power supply failure
or an internal system functional failure which would invalidate the heading information.
4.13 Heading information
The system shall be designed to enable heading information to be provided to other navigational aids such as
2)
radar, ARPA, radio direction-finder and heading control system . The accuracy of the other navigational aids must
not be degraded, and shall continue to comply with the standards specified for such aids.
4.14 Power supply
The gyro-compass shall be provided with or connected to an uninterruptable power supply.
4.15 Interface
The gyro-compasses equipment shall provide with an output of heading information with an accuracy as defined in
5.1.6 when interfaced by other equipment.
5 Performance requirements
5.1 Accuracy in latitudes up to 70��
��
5.1.1 Settling time
When switched on in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, the compass shall settle within 6 h.
2) The term of “automatic pilots” was replaced by “heading control system” in accordance with the new IMO resolution. (Draft
amendment to resolution A.342(IX) on performance standards for automatic pilots, MSC Res. 64(67), annex 3).
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ISO 16328:2001(E)
5.1.2 Settle point error
5.1.2.1 The settle point error (3.5) at any heading shall not exceed � 0,75�� secant latitude, and the RMS
value of the differences between individual heading indications and the mean value shall be less than
� 0,25�� secant latitude.
5.1.2.2 The repeatability of settle point error from one run-up to another shall be within 0,25�� secant latitude.
5.1.3 Settling time under operational conditions
When switched on in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, the compass shall settle within 6 h when
rolling and pitching with simple harmonic motion of any period between 6 s and 15 s, a maximum angle of 5�,and
2
maximum horizontal acceleration of 0,22 m/s .
5.1.4 Settle point error under operational conditions
The repeatability of the settle point error of the master compass shall be within � 1�� secant latitude, including
variations in magnetic fields likely to be experienced in the craft in which it is installed.
5.1.5 Performance under operational conditions
In latitudes of up to 70� N or S in craft operating within a latitude band of 10�:
The requirements of 5.1.5.1 shall be checked by means of simulation. The requirements of 5.1.5.2 and 5.1.5.3 shall
also be checked by means of simulation and by a vehicle test (sea or land) if necessary. The vehicle test shall only
be performed if there is an indication of a physical problem or problems (see annex B for information). The vehicle
test shall be performed under realistic traffic conditions and the maximum acceleration in this test shall be in a band
²
of 1 m/s² to2m/s .
5.1.5.1 The residual steady state error, after correction for speed and course influences at a speed of
70 knots, shall not exceed � 0,25�� secant latitude.
5.1.5.2
...
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