ISO 17223:2014
(Main)Plastics — Determination of yellowness index and change in yellowness index
Plastics — Determination of yellowness index and change in yellowness index
ISO 17223:2014 specifies an instrumental method for determining the yellowness index and change in yellowness index on clear, translucent, or opaque plastics.
Plastiques — Détermination de l'indice de jaunissement et du changement de l'indice de jaunissement
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17223
First edition
2014-05-01
Plastics — Determination of
yellowness index and change in
yellowness index
Plastiques — Détermination de l’indice de jaunissement et du
changement de l’indice de jaunissement
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Preparation and conditioning of samples and test specimens . 2
4.1 Sample and preparation of test specimen . 2
4.2 Environment of measurement and standard condition . 2
5 Procedure. 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Transmission measurement method for sheet, film, moulded plaque, or disc specimens . 2
5.3 Reflection measurement method for sheet or film specimens . 3
5.4 Reflection measurement method for pellet or powder specimens . 3
5.5 Measurement requirements . 4
6 Expression of results . 5
6.1 Calculation procedure of yellowness index . 5
6.2 Calculation procedure of change of yellowness index . 6
6.3 Precision . 6
7 Test report . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-
chemical properties.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17223:2014(E)
Plastics — Determination of yellowness index and change
in yellowness index
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies an instrumental method for determining the yellowness index
and change in yellowness index on clear, translucent, or opaque plastics.
NOTE 1 Specimen shapes can include moulded plaques or discs, films, sheets, powders, and pellets. Plaque, disc,
film, and sheet specimens can have smooth, matt, or patterned surfaces. Fluorescent plastics are not permitted.
NOTE 2 Change in yellowness index is often used to evaluate the effect of environment, e.g. heat, UV exposure,
etc., on colour stability.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 1043-1, Plastics — Symbols and abbreviated terms — Part 1: Basic polymers and their special
characteristics
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method
for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ASTM E313, Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally
Measured Color Coordinates
CIE 15, Colorimetry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
yellowness index
YI
deviation in chroma from colourless or whiteness toward yellow
3.2
change of yellowness index
ΔYI
difference between yellowness index of specimen before additional test and yellowness index of
specimen after additional test
Note 1 to entry: For example, before and after exposure to specified conditions.
4 Preparation and conditioning of samples and test specimens
4.1 Sample and preparation of test specimen
Samples shall be gathered by a statistical method from the batch to be evaluated. In all cases, the sample
shall be used as received unless the purpose is to evaluate pellets or powders converted into a final
shape, i.e. moulded plaques or discs, films, or sheets.
4.2 Environment of measurement and standard condition
The standard condition of the environment of measurement shall be set as 23 °C/50 % RH condition as
described in ISO 291.
5 Procedure
5.1 General
Colourimetry is derived from calculating tristimulus values by spectral or tristimulus measurements.
In the case of the specimen with the diffusibility of the light, the measuring apparatus shall have an
integrating sphere or other system that can detect diffusion light. Optical geometries, requirements,
and solution for different measurement methods are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Optical geometries, requirements, and solution for different measurement methods
Optical geometries
Measurement method
in accordance with Requirements Solution
using integrating sphere
CIE 15
Transmission measurements di:0, de:0 A part of the incident light on the Arrange a baffle
integrating sphere shall not irradi- plate that is the
Reflection measurement di:8, de:8
ate a specimen directly. same quality as the
integrating sphere.
Transmission measurements 0:di, 0:de A part of a reflected or transmitted
light from a specimen shall not be
Reflection measurement 8:di, 8:de
introduced into a detector directly.
Optical geometries
Measurement method with-
in accordance with
out integrating sphere
CIE 15
Transmission measurements 0:0 These optical geometries don’t use an integrating
sphere.
Reflection measurement 45a:0, 0:45a, 45x:0,
0:45a
NOTE 1 In the case of measuring a diffusing specimen, satisfying the above-mentioned condition is important.
NOTE 2 In the case of measuring a translucent specimen, the colour or thickness of the specimen might make
an influence.
NOTE 3 Optical geometries are described in CIE 15.
Tristimulus values are represented in the XYZ colour system (2° visual field)
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17223
First edition
2014-05-01
Plastics — Determination of
yellowness index and change in
yellowness index
Plastiques — Détermination de l’indice de jaunissement et du
changement de l’indice de jaunissement
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Preparation and conditioning of samples and test specimens . 2
4.1 Sample and preparation of test specimen . 2
4.2 Environment of measurement and standard condition . 2
5 Procedure. 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Transmission measurement method for sheet, film, moulded plaque, or disc specimens . 2
5.3 Reflection measurement method for sheet or film specimens . 3
5.4 Reflection measurement method for pellet or powder specimens . 3
5.5 Measurement requirements . 4
6 Expression of results . 5
6.1 Calculation procedure of yellowness index . 5
6.2 Calculation procedure of change of yellowness index . 6
6.3 Precision . 6
7 Test report . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-
chemical properties.
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17223:2014(E)
Plastics — Determination of yellowness index and change
in yellowness index
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies an instrumental method for determining the yellowness index
and change in yellowness index on clear, translucent, or opaque plastics.
NOTE 1 Specimen shapes can include moulded plaques or discs, films, sheets, powders, and pellets. Plaque, disc,
film, and sheet specimens can have smooth, matt, or patterned surfaces. Fluorescent plastics are not permitted.
NOTE 2 Change in yellowness index is often used to evaluate the effect of environment, e.g. heat, UV exposure,
etc., on colour stability.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 1043-1, Plastics — Symbols and abbreviated terms — Part 1: Basic polymers and their special
characteristics
ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 2: Basic method
for the determination of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method
ASTM E313, Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally
Measured Color Coordinates
CIE 15, Colorimetry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
yellowness index
YI
deviation in chroma from colourless or whiteness toward yellow
3.2
change of yellowness index
ΔYI
difference between yellowness index of specimen before additional test and yellowness index of
specimen after additional test
Note 1 to entry: For example, before and after exposure to specified conditions.
4 Preparation and conditioning of samples and test specimens
4.1 Sample and preparation of test specimen
Samples shall be gathered by a statistical method from the batch to be evaluated. In all cases, the sample
shall be used as received unless the purpose is to evaluate pellets or powders converted into a final
shape, i.e. moulded plaques or discs, films, or sheets.
4.2 Environment of measurement and standard condition
The standard condition of the environment of measurement shall be set as 23 °C/50 % RH condition as
described in ISO 291.
5 Procedure
5.1 General
Colourimetry is derived from calculating tristimulus values by spectral or tristimulus measurements.
In the case of the specimen with the diffusibility of the light, the measuring apparatus shall have an
integrating sphere or other system that can detect diffusion light. Optical geometries, requirements,
and solution for different measurement methods are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Optical geometries, requirements, and solution for different measurement methods
Optical geometries
Measurement method
in accordance with Requirements Solution
using integrating sphere
CIE 15
Transmission measurements di:0, de:0 A part of the incident light on the Arrange a baffle
integrating sphere shall not irradi- plate that is the
Reflection measurement di:8, de:8
ate a specimen directly. same quality as the
integrating sphere.
Transmission measurements 0:di, 0:de A part of a reflected or transmitted
light from a specimen shall not be
Reflection measurement 8:di, 8:de
introduced into a detector directly.
Optical geometries
Measurement method with-
in accordance with
out integrating sphere
CIE 15
Transmission measurements 0:0 These optical geometries don’t use an integrating
sphere.
Reflection measurement 45a:0, 0:45a, 45x:0,
0:45a
NOTE 1 In the case of measuring a diffusing specimen, satisfying the above-mentioned condition is important.
NOTE 2 In the case of measuring a translucent specimen, the colour or thickness of the specimen might make
an influence.
NOTE 3 Optical geometries are described in CIE 15.
Tristimulus values are represented in the XYZ colour system (2° visual field)
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.