ISO 12366:2001
(Main)Two-wheeled mopeds — Antilock braking systems (ABS) — Tests and measurement methods
Two-wheeled mopeds — Antilock braking systems (ABS) — Tests and measurement methods
This International Standard specifies tests and measurement methods for solo mopeds (defined in ISO 3833) equipped with one or more antilock, and one or more independent, braking systems. Its purpose is to establish uniform worldwide test procedures for such systems. This International Standard sets out procedures for the following types of straight-line braking tests: utilization-of-adhesion test; wheel-lock check test; tests with ABS failed; complementary tests that could assist in the assessment and development of braking systems. NOTE Reference is made in this International Standard to L-category vehicles, generally referring to solo mopeds (L1), drawn from Regulation No. 78 and the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The values given in this International Standard enclosed by square brackets are from the same regulation (02 series of amendments), and are included for information.
Cyclomoteurs à deux roues — Dispositifs antiblocage (ABS) — Essais et méthodes de mesure
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12366
First edition
2001-12-15
Two-wheeled mopeds — Antilock braking
systems (ABS) — Tests and measurement
methods
Cyclomoteurs à deux roues — Dispositifs antiblocage (ABS) — Essais et
méthodes de mesure
Reference number
ISO 12366:2001(E)
©
ISO 2001
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
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ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
1 S.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Test site conditions.3
5 Moped preparation .4
6 Test requirements.5
7 Utilization-of-adhesion test procedure.6
8 Wheel-lock check test procedure (moped unladen) .7
9 Tests with ABS failed (electronically controlled systems).8
10 Complementary tests .8
Annex A (informative) Specimen format for test result sheet .10
Bibliography.15
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12366 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 23, Mopeds.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12366:2001(E)
Two-wheeled mopeds — Antilock braking systems (ABS) — Tests
and measurement methods
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies tests and measurement methods for solo mopeds (defined in ISO 3833)
equipped with one or more antilock, and one or more independent, braking systems. Its purpose is to establish
uniform worldwide test procedures for such systems.
This International Standard sets out procedures for the following types of straight-line braking tests:
utilization-of-adhesion test;
wheel-lock check test;
tests with ABS failed;
complementary tests that could assist in the assessment and development of braking systems.
NOTE Reference is made in this International Standard to L-category vehicles, generally referring to solo mopeds (L1),
drawn from Regulation No. 78 and the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) of the United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The values given in this International Standard enclosed by square brackets are from
the same regulation (02 series of amendments), and are included for information.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 3779, Road vehicles — Vehicle identification number (VIN) — Content and structure
ISO 6726, Mopeds and motorcycles with two wheels — Masses — Vocabulary
ISO 7116, Mopeds — Measurement of maximum speed
ISO 8709:1995, Mopeds — Brakes and braking devices — Tests and measurement methods
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
category L1
3
two-wheeled vehicle with engine capacity not exceeding 50 cm and design speed not exceeding 50 km/h
3.2
antilock system
component of service braking system which automatically controls the slip ratio, in the direction of wheel rotation,
on one or both of the moped’s wheels during braking
3.3
sensor
component designed to identify and transmit to the controller conditions of rotation of the wheels or other dynamic
conditions of the moped
3.4
controller
component designed to evaluate and operate on data transmitted by a sensor and transmit signals to the
modulator
3.5
modulator
component designed to vary braking force in accordance with the signal received from the controller
3.6
outrigger
equipment intended to limit the moped roll angle to a pre-set value
3.7
wheel lock
condition that occurs when there is a slip ratio of 1,00
NOTE In practice, wheel lock is judged to have occurred when moped speed exceeds 15 km/h while wheel speed falls
below 5 km/h.
3.8
braking system
combination of parts (excluding engine) consisting of control, transmission(s) and brake(s) which progressively
reduce or otherwise control the speed of a moving moped, halt it, and keep it stationary if already stopped
3.9
control
part operated directly by the rider to supply to the transmission the energy required for braking or controlling the
moped
3.10
transmission
combination of components providing the functional link between the control and the brake
3.11
brake
part of the braking system in which the forces opposing the movement of the moped are developed
3.12
independent braking system
system acting on only one wheel
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
3.13
laden moped
moped laden so that it reaches its “manufacturer’s maximum total mass”, as defined by ISO 6726, including the
mass of the rider and test equipment, with the mass distribution on the axles as stated by the moped manufacturer
NOTE See 5.2 and 5.3 for a description of the mass of the rider and of the test equipment.
3.14
unladen moped
moped in the condition “vehicle kerb mass”, as defined by ISO 6726, with the mass of the rider and test equipment
added
NOTE See 5.2 and 5.3 for a description of the mass of the rider and of the test equipment.
3.15
maximum speed
v
max
speed the moped can attain when tested in accordance with ISO 7116
3.16
test speed
moped speed measured at the moment the rider begins to actuate braking system control or controls
4 Test site conditions
4.1 Test surfaces
Tests on the following two surfaces are specified in this International Standard:
one with a coefficient of adhesion not exceeding [0,45];
one with a coefficient of adhesion of not less than [0,80].
The test surface shall be substantially level (i.e. it shall not contain a gradient exceeding 1 %) and shall be free of
extraneous materials.
For wetted surfaces, inconsistent results can occur due to aquaplaning or varying brake performance. Therefore,
water depth should not exceed 3 mm.
NOTE It is recognized that certain surface parameters are not well defined and that sound engineering judgement is
needed to ensure the proper surface.
4.2 Wind speed
The average wind speed shall not exceed 5 m/s.
4.3 Ambient temperature
The ambient temperature shall be recorded in the test report (see annex A).
4.4 Test lane
The test area immediately after the point at which the test is to commence shall be marked with a lane of sufficient
length and width for the moped to be brought to a stop.
In the interests of safety, a wide, flat area should surround the test lane.
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
5 Moped preparation
5.1 Tyres
The tyres shall be inflated to the moped manufacturer’s recommended pressure levels.
5.2 Rider and masses carried
5.2.1 The minimum mass of the rider and any test equipment carried on the moped shall be 85 kg; these
masses, as well as the mass distribution on the axles, shall be noted in the test report.
5.2.2 The total mass of the test equipment and instrumentation on the moped should not exceed 10 % of the
unladen moped. In any case, the total mass and the location of the test equipment shall be noted in the test report.
5.3 Test equipment
The moped shall be prepared for the tests specified in Table 1 by the provision and/or calibration of existing
instruments, as required.
Extra equipment may be added to provide data and improve rider safety, but care shall be taken to ensure that this
does not significantly affect the braking system performance or the dynamic characteristics of the moped.
Table 1 — Test equipment
Equipment function
Test Example of equipment
Required Optional
To measure time history of Recording speedometer, third
—
a
moped speed wheel
Control force transducer.
To measure control force —
a
Brake fluid pressure
To measure time history of
a
wheel speeds for each braked — Pulse, DC generators
wheel
Utilization of adhesion
To measure moped mass — Load cells
To provide constant control Brake fluid pressure cut-off
—
force valve or pneumatic actuator
— To prevent moped fall down Outrigger
To measure brake Rubbing thermocouple,
—
temperature infrared sensor
To mark test surface change Photo electronic marking
—
a
point pulse
To check for antilock system Brake fluid pressure
—
a
Wheel-lock check
full cycling transducer
(Additional to above)
Rate sensors for yaw and/or
roll velocity, roll angle sensor,
— To check moped behaviour
steer angle and/or torque
a
sensors
a
These items should be used with a multi-channel recorder, which shall have a bandwidth at least equal to the ABS cycling frequency
and a storage capacity at least equal to maximum stop length.
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
5.4 Preparation for determination of the coefficient of adhesion
The function of the antilock system of the test moped shall be disabled during the carrying out of the test specified
in 7.2.
5.5 Preconditioning
When submitting a moped for testing, the presenter shall state those preconditioning measures (e.g. bedding)
taken in respect of any braking-system component.
6 Test requirements
6.1 Brakes
Brakes and braking systems shall not be manually adjusted at any time during the test.
6.2 Brake temperature
In the interests of repeatability, the temperature measured on each tested disc or drum exterior should not exceed
100 °C before each stop.
6.3 Antilock systems
Antilock systems shall not be manually adjusted at any time during the determination of the adhesion utilization or
the wheel-lock check test procedure, except for the antilock system disabling specified in 5.4.
6.4 Application of control forces
Control forces shall be rapidly applied by the rider up to the prescribed level and then maintained constant during
the stop. In the interests of repeatability, it is recommended that “rapidly applied” be given to mean within a time of
0,2 s to 0,5 s to reach the prescribed, or full, force. This is the maximum force prescribed in ISO 8709:1995, 8.3,
and for vehicle category L1: [200 N] for hand controls, [350 N] for foot controls. A higher force may be used if
required to activate the antilock system.
The control forces may be measured at the control or as fluid pressure at the outlet of the master cylinder.
6.5 Test sequence
The moped may be submitted to either an individual test or a series of tests.
6.6 Rider
During every test, the rider shall be seated on the saddle as for normal riding and shall maintain this position
throughout the test run.
6.7 Performance
The performance of an antilock system shall be established by means of the tests set out in Clauses 7, 8, 9 and 10
and by the calculation methods for the adhesion utilization described in those clauses.
6.8 Test speed tolerance
The specified test speeds are subject to a tolerance of ± 5km/h.
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ISO 12366:2001(E)
6.9 Test conditions
6.9.1 For each test, the test lane shall be approached at a speed permitting the rider to apply the control at the
specified test speed and at the point at which the test is to commence.
6.9.2 For the approach, a gear suitable for the test speed shall be used.
6.9.2.1 For mopeds with a manual gearbox or an automatic transmission allowing the gearbox to be
disengaged manually, the rider shall disengage the drive and enter the centre of the test lane immediately before
passing the point at which the test is to commence. The rider shall then keep the drive disengaged for the
remainder o
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