ISO/TC 22/SC 38 - Motorcycles and mopeds

This document specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles. The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics on performance and safety of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. It is also possible to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems. This document enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in this document to configure a dedicated test plan. NOTE 1 Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in Reference [ REF Reference_ref_12 \r \h 7 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000110000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F00310032000000 ]. NOTE 2 Testing on cell level is specified in the IEC 62660 series.

This document shows the results of investigating the guideline for determining the threshold of the evaluation result on an electric inertial chassis dynamometer that electrically controls the amount of inertia using fuel consumption. This document is applicable when the running resistance force of a chassis dynamometer is set in accordance with ISO 18580.

This document is intended to be applied to safety-related systems that include one or more electrical and/or electronic (E/E) systems and that are installed in series production motorcycles. This document does not address unique E/E systems in special vehicles such as E/E systems designed for drivers with disabilities. NOTE The series production motorcycle is the vehicle that is intended to be used for public roads and is not a prototype. This document covers HARA for one or more E/E systems installed in motorcycles. The approach of HARA defined in ISO 26262-12:2018, Clause 8 is applied to them in a motorcycle environment. The intended user of this document is a functional-safety analyst complying with requirements in ISO 26262-12:2018. Therefore, this document does not intend to provide further necessary knowledge or guidelines in related fields including, but not limited to, item-specific knowledge, user and road profiling, medicine, statistics, accident research and human factors. Instead, it is intended to be related to the field of functional safety with the focus on the HARA examples only. It is the responsibility of the functional-safety analyst to achieve detailed knowledge about the item under investigation and the target application environment. In this document, the values shown are for reference only. Any new HARA can use the latest relevant data and analyses. The values shown in this document were derived based on some, but not all segments of information expected within an item description, and thus are not considered as an item definition. The ISO 26262 series requires that a HARA be based on a specific item definition. This document is not to be constructed to suggest that conducting a HARA without a specific item definition is acceptable. The scope of the ISO 26262 series is limited to functional safety which is one aspect of the overall system safety assessment in safety risk management. As for any risk assessment method, the methods mentioned in this document have inherent limitations. The HARA describes a simplified model of the real world, which is neither complete nor fully accurate. Although each assessment is based on available or applicable data as well as on expert judgment, the interpretation of such data can vary among analyses. For these reasons, the user of this document can bear in mind these limitations and judge the applicability of this document in any particular case.

This document specifies safety requirements for conductive connection of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles (referred to as the EVs) to external electric circuits. NOTE 1 External electric circuits include external electric power supplies and external electric loads. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. It applies only to on-board charging systems between the plug or vehicle inlet and RESS circuits. NOTE 2 The requirements when not connected to external electric circuits are specified in the ISO 13063 series. Requirements for bidirectional energy transfer DC to AC are under consideration and are not part of this document. NOTE 3 The safety requirements for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on electrical separation are specified in IEC 61851-25. NOTE 4 The safety requirements for DC EV supply equipment where protection relies on double or reinforced insulation are specified in IEC TS 61851-3-1 and IEC TS 61851-3-2.

This document specifies safety requirements for rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS) of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles for the protection of persons. It does not provide the comprehensive safety information for the manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. NOTE Additional safety requirements can apply for RESS that can be recharged by means different from supplying electric energy (e.g. redox flow battery).

This document specifies requirements for operational safety means and protection against failures related to hazards specific to any kind of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles when used in normal conditions. It is applicable only if the maximum working voltage of the on-board electrical circuit does not exceed 1 000 V alternating current (a.c.) or 1 500 V direct current (d.c.). This document does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. This document does not consider specific aspects of driving automation features. NOTE For definition of the term “driving automation features”, see SAE J3016.

This document specifies electric safety requirements for protection against electric shock and thermal incidents of electric propulsion systems and conductively connected auxiliary electric systems of-electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles when used in normal conditions. It is applicable to a maximum working voltage of the on-board electrical circuit up to 1 000 V alternating current (a.c.) or 1 500 V direct current (d.c.). This document does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel. NOTE Requirements for conductive connections of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles to an external electric power supply are described in ISO 18246.

This document specifies a test method to evaluate energy performance of electric motorcycles and mopeds by measuring performance of a test motor system (3.4) to be installed to an electric moped or motorcycle under consideration. The test is carried out on a motor dynamometer test bench where the traction motor system is connected to a load motor system (3.3) that simulates resistance torque arising from running resistance of vehicle and drive train friction loss and inertia effect. This method provides estimates of specific energy consumption and range of an electric moped or motorcycle to which the traction motor system is intended to be applied. This document is only applicable to two-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds. NOTE This test method is applicable to motorcycle or moped regardless of types of power transmission devices, such as chains, belts, gears, ratio controllable CVTs, shaft drives, direct drives, etc., once gear ratios (ratio of input to output speed) and transmission efficiencies (ratio of input to output torque) are provided.

This document lists differences between ISO 26262-12:2018 and other parts of the ISO 26262 series, and supports the adaptation of the ISO 26262 series for motorcycles by clarifying the intention. This document is based on ISO 26262-12:2018 and makes a comparison with the following documents: — ISO 26262-2:2018, — ISO 26262-3:2018, — ISO 26262-4:2018.

This document specifies the general test requirements for measurement of the gaseous exhaust emissions from motorcycles, and for determining the fuel consumption of motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833. It is applicable to motorcycles equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

This document specifies the symbols, i.e. conventional signs, used to identify certain controls, indicators and tell-tales on a motorcycle/moped[1] and to facilitate their usage. This document also indicates the colours of possible optical tell-tales which warn the rider of the operation or malfunctioning of the related devices and equipment. This document is applicable to those controls, indicators and tell-tales, which, when used, are fitted on the instrument panel or in the immediate vicinity of the motorcycle/moped rider. [1] "Motorcycle/moped" as defined in ISO 3833 but does not include a steering wheel type.

This document describes the types, positions and functions of the rider-operated controls on a motorcycle/moped[1], in order to facilitate use. Annex A specifies controls, indicators and tell-tales for which identification is obligatory and the appropriate graphical symbols. Annex B provides the information for applying for electrically propelled motorcycle/moped1). This document applies to those controls which, when fitted, are commonly used by the rider of a motorcycle/moped. The definition or specification of a control does not signify the mandatory presence of each and every control listed in this document on a vehicle. [1] "motorcycle/moped" as defined in ISO 3833 but does not include a steering wheel type.

This document specifies a basic measurement method by using a permeation test procedure for evaporative emissions from motorcycles. It is applicable to motorcycles equipped with a fuel tank to store liquid high volatile fuel and with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

This document specifies a basic measurement method by using the SHED (Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination) test procedure for evaporative emissions from motorcycles. It is applicable to motorcycles equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO/TS 19466:2017 specifies test procedures for measuring performance of regenerative braking systems used for electric motorcycles and mopeds that are propelled by traction motors with electric batteries. Performance of regenerative braking systems is dealt with two perspectives: first, how much a regenerative braking system can extend range of a motorcycle or moped or reduce energy consumption, and second, the efficiency of the driving motor system when working as generator in regenerative braking mode.

ISO 18243:2017 specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles. The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics on performance, safety and reliability of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. The user is also supported to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems. ISO 18243:2017 enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in this document to configure a dedicated test plan. NOTE 1 Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in the EU Directive 2002/24/EC. NOTE 2 Testing on cell level is specified in IEC 62660 (all parts).

ISO 19689:2016 specifies a minimum set of requirements for a diagnostic connector used in communication between motorcycles and mopeds, and external equipment for diagnostics. Its aim is to promote the use of a common diagnostic connector throughout the motorcycle industry. The diagnostic connection consists of two mating connectors, the vehicle connector and the external test equipment connector. Applicable to all types of motorcycles and mopeds, the connector specified is sealed with positive locking feature and is intended for short-term diagnostic connection only. ISO 19689:2016 specifies functional requirements for a) the vehicle connector, separated into the four principal areas of - connector location, - connector design, - connector contact allocation, and - electrical requirements for connector and related electrical circuits, and b) the external test equipment connector, separated into the three principal areas of - connector design, - connector contact allocation, and - electrical requirements for connector and related electrical circuits. The dimensional requirements of the vehicle connector are given as a minimum specification, to allow design freedom.

ISO 19449:2015 specifies methods for the direct measurement of the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions from mopeds as defined in ISO 3833 during inspection or maintenance. The results measured by this International Standard show the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions in the no-load engine operating condition. It is applicable to mopeds having spark ignition engines (four-stroke engines or two-stroke engines). These methods can be used, either totally or partially, for - periodic inspections in official garages, - official roadside checks, and - maintenance and diagnostic operations.

ISO/TR 13062:2015 establishes a vocabulary of terms and the related definitions used in ISO/TC 22/SC 38 standards. These terms are specific to the electric propulsion systems of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles.

ISO 18580:2015 specifies the verification method of total running resistance force when the exhaust gas emissions and/or fuel consumption of motorcycles are measured during mode running on a chassis dynamometer. The performance of chassis dynamometer is verified by comparing the measured total running resistance force (measured by a chassis dynamometer absorption force) and the target total running resistance force (calculated from velocity, acceleration and/or deceleration). This International Standard is applicable when the running resistance force of a chassis dynamometer is set in accordance with ISO 11486.

ISO 6460-2:2014 defines test cycles for measurement for the gaseous exhaust emissions from motorcycles, as well as for determining the fuel consumption of motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833, equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine, or rotary piston engine) or a compression ignition engine. The test cycle 1 is equivalent to the test cycle specified in the European Union Commission Directive 2003/77/EC[6] and the test cycle 2 is equivalent to the test cycle specified in global technical regulations No.2 (WMTC), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ECE/TRANS/180/Add.2[9]. A selection of other test cycles adopted or to be adopted by several countries is described in Annex C for information purpose.

ISO 17479:2013 specifies methods for the direct measurement of the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions from motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833 during inspection or maintenance. The results measured by this International Standard show the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions in the no-load engine operating condition. It is applicable to motorcycles having spark ignition engines (four-stroke engines or two-stroke engines). This methods can be used, either totally or partially, for a) periodic inspections in official garages, b) official roadside checks, and c) maintenance and diagnostic operations.

This International Standard specifies methods for evaluating the performance of engines designed for mopeds as defined in ISO 3833, in particular with a view to the presentation of power curves and specific fuel consumption at full load as a function of engine speed, for net power assessment. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines (spark-ignition), excluding free-piston engines, and rotary piston engines, either naturally aspirated or pressure-charged and equipped with either mechanical pressure-charger or turbocharger.

This part of ISO 6855 defines test cycles for measurement for gaseous exhaust emissions from mopeds, as well as for determining the fuel consumption of mopeds as defined in ISO 3833, equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO 6855-1:2012 specifies the general test requirements for measurement for the gaseous exhaust emissions from mopeds, and for determining the fuel consumption of mopeds as defined in ISO 3833. It is applicable to mopeds equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO 6855-3 specifies the methods of measurement for fuel consumption at a constant speed on the road and on the chassis dynamometer. It is applicable to mopeds as defined in ISO 3833 equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO 13064-1:2012 specifies test procedures for measuring the reference energy consumption and reference range of electric motorcycles and mopeds with only a traction battery(ies) as power source for vehicle propulsion.

ISO 13064-2:2012 specifies the procedures for measuring the road performance of electric motorcycles and mopeds with only a traction battery(ies) as power source for vehicle propulsion. The road performance comprises road operating characteristics such as speed, acceleration and hill climbing ability.

This International Standard specifies methods for evaluating the performance of engines designed for motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833, in particular with a view to the presentation of power curves and specific fuel consumption at full load as a function of engine speed, for net power assessment. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines (spark-ignition or compression-ignition) — excluding free-piston engines — and rotary piston engines, either naturally aspirated or pressure-charged and equipped with either mechanical pressure-charger or turbocharger. Particular specifications for the test of compression-ignition engines are specified in Annex A.

ISO 7116:2011 specifies a method for determining the maximum speed of a moped as defined in ISO 3833.

ISO 8710:2010 specifies tests and measurement methods for service brake systems and, where applicable, associated parking brake systems of two‑wheeled motorcycles (3‑3), motorcycles with sidecar (3‑4) and tricycles (3‑5) which are intended for use on public roads, in order to establish uniform worldwide test procedures for braking systems. ISO 8710:2010 does not cover motorcycles which: have a maximum speed of less than 25 km/h; are equipped for disabled riders. ISO 8710:2010 sets out the following types of tests: dynamic tests: dry stop test (single brake control actuated); dry stop test (all service brake controls actuated); high speed test; wet brake test; heat fade test; parking brake system test; failure tests: partial failure test (for split service brake systems); power‑assisted brake system failure test.

ISO 8709:2010 specifies tests and measurement methods for service brake systems and, where applicable, associated parking brake systems of two‑wheeled mopeds (3‑1) and three‑wheeled mopeds (3‑2) which are intended for use on public roads, in order to establish uniform worldwide test procedures for braking systems. ISO 8709:2010 does not cover mopeds which: have a maximum speed of less than 25 km/h; are equipped for disabled riders. ISO 8709:2010 sets out the following types of tests: dynamic tests: dry stop test (single brake control actuated); wet brake test; parking brake system test; power‑assisted brake system failure test.

ISO 7117:2010 specifies the method of determining the maximum speed of a motorcycle as defined in ISO 3833.

ISO 28981:2009 specifies measurement methods for determining the moped running resistance on the road, and two methods of setting the chassis dynamometer with the moped running resistance. It is applicable to mopeds as defined in ISO 3833.