ISO/TC 22/SC 38 - Motorcycles and mopeds

This document specifies a test method to evaluate energy performance of electric motorcycles and mopeds by measuring performance of a test motor system (3.4) to be installed to an electric moped or motorcycle under consideration. The test is carried out on a motor dynamometer test bench where the traction motor system is connected to a load motor system (3.3) that simulates resistance torque arising from running resistance of vehicle and drive train friction loss and inertia effect. This method provides estimates of specific energy consumption and range of an electric moped or motorcycle to which the traction motor system is intended to be applied. This document is only applicable to two-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds. NOTE This test method is applicable to motorcycle or moped regardless of types of power transmission devices, such as chains, belts, gears, ratio controllable CVTs, shaft drives, direct drives, etc., once gear ratios (ratio of input to output speed) and transmission efficiencies (ratio of input to output torque) are provided.

This document lists differences between ISO 26262-12:2018 and other parts of the ISO 26262 series, and supports the adaptation of the ISO 26262 series for motorcycles by clarifying the intention. This document is based on ISO 26262-12:2018 and makes a comparison with the following documents: — ISO 26262-2:2018, — ISO 26262-3:2018, — ISO 26262-4:2018.

This document specifies the general test requirements for measurement of the gaseous exhaust emissions from motorcycles, and for determining the fuel consumption of motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833. It is applicable to motorcycles equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

This document specifies the symbols, i.e. conventional signs, used to identify certain controls, indicators and tell-tales on a motorcycle/moped[1] and to facilitate their usage. This document also indicates the colours of possible optical tell-tales which warn the rider of the operation or malfunctioning of the related devices and equipment. This document is applicable to those controls, indicators and tell-tales, which, when used, are fitted on the instrument panel or in the immediate vicinity of the motorcycle/moped rider. [1] "Motorcycle/moped" as defined in ISO 3833 but does not include a steering wheel type.

This document describes the types, positions and functions of the rider-operated controls on a motorcycle/moped[1], in order to facilitate use. Annex A specifies controls, indicators and tell-tales for which identification is obligatory and the appropriate graphical symbols. Annex B provides the information for applying for electrically propelled motorcycle/moped1). This document applies to those controls which, when fitted, are commonly used by the rider of a motorcycle/moped. The definition or specification of a control does not signify the mandatory presence of each and every control listed in this document on a vehicle. [1] "motorcycle/moped" as defined in ISO 3833 but does not include a steering wheel type.

This document specifies a basic measurement method by using a permeation test procedure for evaporative emissions from motorcycles. It is applicable to motorcycles equipped with a fuel tank to store liquid high volatile fuel and with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

This document specifies a basic measurement method by using the SHED (Sealed Housing for Evaporative Determination) test procedure for evaporative emissions from motorcycles. It is applicable to motorcycles equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO/TS 19466:2017 specifies test procedures for measuring performance of regenerative braking systems used for electric motorcycles and mopeds that are propelled by traction motors with electric batteries. Performance of regenerative braking systems is dealt with two perspectives: first, how much a regenerative braking system can extend range of a motorcycle or moped or reduce energy consumption, and second, the efficiency of the driving motor system when working as generator in regenerative braking mode.

ISO 18243:2017 specifies the test procedures for lithium-ion battery packs and systems used in electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles. The specified test procedures enable the user of this document to determine the essential characteristics on performance, safety and reliability of lithium-ion battery packs and systems. The user is also supported to compare the test results achieved for different battery packs or systems. ISO 18243:2017 enables setting up a dedicated test plan for an individual battery pack or system subject to an agreement between customer and supplier. If required, the relevant test procedures and/or test conditions of lithium-ion battery packs and systems are selected from the standard tests provided in this document to configure a dedicated test plan. NOTE 1 Electrically power-assisted cycles (EPAC) cannot be considered as mopeds. The definition of electrically power-assisted cycles can differ from country to country. An example of definition can be found in the EU Directive 2002/24/EC. NOTE 2 Testing on cell level is specified in IEC 62660 (all parts).

ISO 19689:2016 specifies a minimum set of requirements for a diagnostic connector used in communication between motorcycles and mopeds, and external equipment for diagnostics. Its aim is to promote the use of a common diagnostic connector throughout the motorcycle industry. The diagnostic connection consists of two mating connectors, the vehicle connector and the external test equipment connector. Applicable to all types of motorcycles and mopeds, the connector specified is sealed with positive locking feature and is intended for short-term diagnostic connection only. ISO 19689:2016 specifies functional requirements for a) the vehicle connector, separated into the four principal areas of - connector location, - connector design, - connector contact allocation, and - electrical requirements for connector and related electrical circuits, and b) the external test equipment connector, separated into the three principal areas of - connector design, - connector contact allocation, and - electrical requirements for connector and related electrical circuits. The dimensional requirements of the vehicle connector are given as a minimum specification, to allow design freedom.

ISO 19449:2015 specifies methods for the direct measurement of the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions from mopeds as defined in ISO 3833 during inspection or maintenance. The results measured by this International Standard show the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions in the no-load engine operating condition. It is applicable to mopeds having spark ignition engines (four-stroke engines or two-stroke engines). These methods can be used, either totally or partially, for - periodic inspections in official garages, - official roadside checks, and - maintenance and diagnostic operations.

ISO 18246:2015 specifies safety requirements for conductive connection to an external electric power supply of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles. It is not applicable to vehicles not in normal conditions, such as damaged vehicles and vehicles which have mechanical and/or electrical failure. It applies only to on-board charging systems between the plug or vehicle couplers and RESS circuits. The safety requirements for vehicles not connected to external power supply are specified in ISO 13063. NOTE This International Standard does not contain requirements for bidirectional power flow. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel.

ISO/TR 13062:2015 establishes a vocabulary of terms and the related definitions used in ISO/TC 22/SC 38 standards. These terms are specific to the electric propulsion systems of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles.

ISO 18580:2015 specifies the verification method of total running resistance force when the exhaust gas emissions and/or fuel consumption of motorcycles are measured during mode running on a chassis dynamometer. The performance of chassis dynamometer is verified by comparing the measured total running resistance force (measured by a chassis dynamometer absorption force) and the target total running resistance force (calculated from velocity, acceleration and/or deceleration). This International Standard is applicable when the running resistance force of a chassis dynamometer is set in accordance with ISO 11486.

ISO 6460-2:2014 defines test cycles for measurement for the gaseous exhaust emissions from motorcycles, as well as for determining the fuel consumption of motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833, equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine, or rotary piston engine) or a compression ignition engine. The test cycle 1 is equivalent to the test cycle specified in the European Union Commission Directive 2003/77/EC[6] and the test cycle 2 is equivalent to the test cycle specified in global technical regulations No.2 (WMTC), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, ECE/TRANS/180/Add.2[9]. A selection of other test cycles adopted or to be adopted by several countries is described in Annex C for information purpose.

ISO 17479:2013 specifies methods for the direct measurement of the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions from motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833 during inspection or maintenance. The results measured by this International Standard show the concentration of gaseous exhaust emissions in the no-load engine operating condition. It is applicable to motorcycles having spark ignition engines (four-stroke engines or two-stroke engines). This methods can be used, either totally or partially, for a) periodic inspections in official garages, b) official roadside checks, and c) maintenance and diagnostic operations.

This International Standard specifies methods for evaluating the performance of engines designed for mopeds as defined in ISO 3833, in particular with a view to the presentation of power curves and specific fuel consumption at full load as a function of engine speed, for net power assessment. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines (spark-ignition), excluding free-piston engines, and rotary piston engines, either naturally aspirated or pressure-charged and equipped with either mechanical pressure-charger or turbocharger.

This part of ISO 6855 defines test cycles for measurement for gaseous exhaust emissions from mopeds, as well as for determining the fuel consumption of mopeds as defined in ISO 3833, equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO 6855-1:2012 specifies the general test requirements for measurement for the gaseous exhaust emissions from mopeds, and for determining the fuel consumption of mopeds as defined in ISO 3833. It is applicable to mopeds equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO 6855-3 specifies the methods of measurement for fuel consumption at a constant speed on the road and on the chassis dynamometer. It is applicable to mopeds as defined in ISO 3833 equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine).

ISO 13064-2:2012 specifies the procedures for measuring the road performance of electric motorcycles and mopeds with only a traction battery(ies) as power source for vehicle propulsion. The road performance comprises road operating characteristics such as speed, acceleration and hill climbing ability.

ISO 13064-1:2012 specifies test procedures for measuring the reference energy consumption and reference range of electric motorcycles and mopeds with only a traction battery(ies) as power source for vehicle propulsion.

ISO 13063:2012 specifies requirements for functional safety means, protection against electric shock and the on-board rechargeable energy storage systems intended for the propulsion of any kind of electrically propelled mopeds and motorcycles when used in normal conditions. It is applicable only if maximum working voltage of the on-board electrical circuit does not exceed 1000 V a.c. or 1500 V d.c. It does not provide comprehensive safety information for manufacturing, maintenance and repair personnel.

This International Standard specifies methods for evaluating the performance of engines designed for motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833, in particular with a view to the presentation of power curves and specific fuel consumption at full load as a function of engine speed, for net power assessment. It is applicable to reciprocating internal combustion engines (spark-ignition or compression-ignition) — excluding free-piston engines — and rotary piston engines, either naturally aspirated or pressure-charged and equipped with either mechanical pressure-charger or turbocharger. Particular specifications for the test of compression-ignition engines are specified in Annex A.

ISO 7116:2011 specifies a method for determining the maximum speed of a moped as defined in ISO 3833.

ISO 8710:2010 specifies tests and measurement methods for service brake systems and, where applicable, associated parking brake systems of two‑wheeled motorcycles (3‑3), motorcycles with sidecar (3‑4) and tricycles (3‑5) which are intended for use on public roads, in order to establish uniform worldwide test procedures for braking systems. ISO 8710:2010 does not cover motorcycles which: have a maximum speed of less than 25 km/h; are equipped for disabled riders. ISO 8710:2010 sets out the following types of tests: dynamic tests: dry stop test (single brake control actuated); dry stop test (all service brake controls actuated); high speed test; wet brake test; heat fade test; parking brake system test; failure tests: partial failure test (for split service brake systems); power‑assisted brake system failure test.

ISO 8709:2010 specifies tests and measurement methods for service brake systems and, where applicable, associated parking brake systems of two‑wheeled mopeds (3‑1) and three‑wheeled mopeds (3‑2) which are intended for use on public roads, in order to establish uniform worldwide test procedures for braking systems. ISO 8709:2010 does not cover mopeds which: have a maximum speed of less than 25 km/h; are equipped for disabled riders. ISO 8709:2010 sets out the following types of tests: dynamic tests: dry stop test (single brake control actuated); wet brake test; parking brake system test; power‑assisted brake system failure test.

ISO 7117:2010 specifies the method of determining the maximum speed of a motorcycle as defined in ISO 3833.

ISO 28981:2009 specifies measurement methods for determining the moped running resistance on the road, and two methods of setting the chassis dynamometer with the moped running resistance. It is applicable to mopeds as defined in ISO 3833.

ISO 9129:2008 specifies a measuring method for determining the moments of inertia of the motorcycle and of the motorcycle/rider combination. It applies to two-wheeled motorcycles. Other measuring methods can be used if it is demonstrated that the results are equivalent. Measurement results obtained exclusively by the method described in ISO 9129:2008 cannot be used for an evaluation of vehicle stability because they deal with only one aspect of this very complex phenomenon.

ISO 9043:2008 specifies a measuring method for determining the moments of inertia of the moped and of the moped/rider combination. It applies to two-wheeled mopeds. Other measuring methods can be used if it is demonstrated that the results are equivalent. Measurement results obtained exclusively by the method described in ISO 9043:2008 cannot be used for an evaluation of vehicle stability because they deal with only one aspect of this very complex phenomenon.

ISO 6460-3:2007 specifies the methods of measurement for fuel consumption at a constant speed on the road and on the chassis dynamometer. It is applicable to motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833 equipped with a spark ignition engine (four-stroke engine, two-stroke engine or rotary piston engine) or a compression ignition engine.

ISO 11460:2006 specifies the requirements for the positioning of lighting and light-signalling devices when fitted to a two-wheeled motorcycle as defined in ISO 3833. It does not specify the installation of any of these devices.

ISO 8644:2006 specified methods for determining the performance of light-alloy road wheels for motorcycles under normal road use. It is applicable to wheels for motorcycles with two or three wheels (including motorcycles equipped with side-cars) as defined in ISO 3833, of the following types: unit construction light-alloy wheels; and composite construction light-alloy wheels.

ISO 11486:2006 specifies the measurement method for determining the motorcycle running resistance on the road, and two methods of setting the chassis dynamometer with the motorcycle running resistance. It is applicable to motorcycles as defined in ISO 3833.

ISO 13232-8:2005 provides a common basis for: test and simulation documentation; data exchange; confirmation of results by other researchers; direct comparison of results between different facilities; enabling other researchers to reproduce the experiment; and the recommended minimum contents of publications which describe tests done according to ISO 13232. ISO 13232 specifies the minimum requirements for research into the feasibility of protective devices fitted to motorcycles, which are intended to protect the rider in the event of a collision. ISO 13232 is applicable to impact tests involving: two-wheeled motorcycles; the specified type of opposing vehicle; either a stationary and a moving vehicle or two moving vehicles; for any moving vehicle, a steady speed and straight-line motion immediately prior to impact; one helmeted dummy in a normal seating position on an upright motorcycle; the measurement of the potential for specified types of injury by body region; evaluation of the results of paired impact tests (i.e. comparisons between motorcycles fitted and not fitted with the proposed devices). ISO 13232 does not apply to testing for regulatory or legislative purposes.

ISO 13232-6:2005 specifies minimum requirements for: paired comparison tests; the preparation of the dummy, motorcycle and opposing vehicle; the repeatability and reproducibility of impact test conditions within and between test sites; the minimization of variation in secondary test variables; realistic and representative impact conditions for full-scale impact tests; and a means to verify analytical evaluations of proposed rider crash protective devices fitted to motorcycles, such as computer simulation. ISO 13232 specifies the minimum requirements for research into the feasibility of protective devices fitted to motorcycles, which are intended to protect the rider in the event of a collision. ISO 13232 is applicable to impact tests involving: two-wheeled motorcycles; the specified type of opposing vehicle; either a stationary and a moving vehicle or two moving vehicles; for any moving vehicle, a steady speed and straight-line motion immediately prior to impact; one helmeted dummy in a normal seating position on an upright motorcycle; the measurement of the potential for specified types of injury by body region; evaluation of the results of paired impact tests (i.e. comparisons between motorcycles fitted and not fitted with the proposed devices); and evaluation of inflatable/triggered protective device. ISO 13232-6 does not apply to testing for regulatory or legislative purposes.