ISO/IEC 13490-1:1995

Information technology — Volume and file structure of read-only and write-once compact disk media for information interchange — Part 1: General

Specifies a format and associated system requirements for volume and boot block recognition, volume structure, file structure and record structure for the interchange of information between users of information processing systems using CD-WO, hybrid CD-WO and CD-ROM disks. Gives references, definitions, notation and basic structures that apply to ISO/IEC 13490-2.

Technologies de l'information — Structure de volume et de fichier de supports disque compact à lecture seule et à écriture unique pour l'échange d'information — Partie 1: Généralités

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Dec-1995
• ICS: 35.220.30 - Optical storage devices
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1 - Information technology
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1 - Information technology
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 29-Jul-2008
• Completion Date: 12-Feb-2026

Overview

ISO/IEC 13490-1:1995 - Information technology - Volume and file structure of read-only and write-once compact disk media for information interchange - Part 1: General - defines the general framework, terminology and basic structures used to record and interchange files and volumes on CD-ROM, CD-WO (write-once) and hybrid CD-WO media. Part 1 specifies references, definitions, notation and basic types that apply to the companion specification ISO/IEC 13490-2 (Volume and File Structure). ISO/IEC 13490 is an enhancement of ISO 9660 and aligns with ISO/IEC 13346 for boot block recognition and record structure.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and purpose: Format and system requirements for volume and boot block recognition, volume structure, file structure and record structure for CD-ROM, CD-WO and hybrid discs.
• Definitions and notation: Standardized terminology (e.g., byte, sector, record, volume, volume set) and numeric/character notation used throughout the standard.
• Basic types and character sets: Definitions of numerical values, timestamp formats and character set handling consistent with referenced standards.
• Conformance rules: Criteria for medium conformance and for information processing systems (originating and receiving systems) to claim compliance with ISO/IEC 13490.
• Interoperability considerations: Guidance that enables a volume set to be readable by systems conforming to ISO 9660 and by systems conforming to ISO/IEC 13490 under specified conditions.
• Relationships to record and boot specifications: References to ISO/IEC 13346 parts for boot block recognition and record structure.

Practical applications

• Ensures reliable file interchange on CD-ROM and write-once media across different operating systems and environments.
• Supports incremental recording and updating of data on CD-WO while maintaining interoperability with legacy ISO 9660 readers when restrictions are met.
• Provides implementers with the foundational nomenclature and structures required to design file systems, authoring tools and verification tools for compact disc media.

Who uses this standard

• CD-ROM/CD-WO hardware and firmware manufacturers
• File-system and operating system developers implementing disc-reading features
• Software vendors producing disc authoring and imaging tools
• Archivists and data preservation professionals specifying media interchange formats
• Test labs and certification bodies assessing conformance

Related standards

• ISO 9660 - CD-ROM volume and file structure (legacy compatibility)
• ISO/IEC 13490-2:1995 - Part 2: Volume and file structure
• ISO/IEC 13346 (and parts 2, 5) - Volume/boot recognition and record structure for write-once/rewritable media
• ISO/IEC 13800, ISO/IEC 10646, IEC 908 - referenced for identifiers, character sets and optical disc systems

Keywords: ISO/IEC 13490-1:1995, CD-WO, CD-ROM, volume and file structure, write-once compact disk, hybrid CD-WO, ISO 9660, ISO/IEC 13346, boot block recognition, record structure.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 134904
First edition
? 995-12-15
Information technology - Volume and file
structure of read-only and write-once
compact disk media for information
interchange -
Part 1:
General
Structure de volume et de fichier de
Technologies de I’information -
supports disque compact 2 lecture seule et 2 kriture unique pour
I’bhange d ’information -
Partie 1: G&n&alit&
Reference number
ISO/IEC 13490-1 :1995(E)
--
ISOIIEC 1349091: 1995 (E)
OISO/IEC
Cantents
“~ ‘~ ‘~ “~ ““‘. “. ‘~ “.=. “““““‘~ “““‘* ““‘.
1 Scope 1
......................................................................................
2 Parts references . 1
3 Conformance . . . . . .~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
3.1 Conformance of a medium .
............. ............................................ ........ 1
3.2 Conformance of an information processing System. 1
.....................................................................
4 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*.*.*. 1
5 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “.*.*. . . . . . “. 2
5.1 application .
........................... ............................... ............ 3
5.2 byte . . . . . 3
5.3 CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .*. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5.4 CD-WO . . . . . . 3
.......................
5.5 compact disk . . . . . 3
5.6 descriptor . . . . . 3
5.7 file . . . . .
............ ............. 3
5.8 implementation . . . . . 3
5.9 originating System. .
....................... .......... ............. .................. ......... 3
5.10 receiving System
.3
.....................................................................................................................
5.11 record . . . . . . . . 3
5.12 sector . . . . . 3
5.13 Standard for recording . . .
................... ............ ..... 3
5.14 user . . . . . . 3
5.15 volume . . . 3
5.16 volume set . . . . . 3
6 Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6.1 Numerital notation . . . 3
......................................
6.1.1 Decimal notation . . 3
6.1.2 Hexadecimal notation . . . . . 3
6.2 Bit fields . . . . . . 4
6.3 Descriptor formats . . . . 4
6.4 Character strings . . . . 4
6.5 Arithmetic notation . . . . . 4
............. ...........
6.6 Schema . . . . . 4
6.7 Other notations . . . . . . . 7
0 ISO/IEC 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or
by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per-mission in writing from the publisher
ISWIEC Copyright Office * Case Postale 56 * CH-121 1 Geneve 20 * Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
ISO/IEC 13490-1: 1995 (E)
OISO/IEC
7 Basic types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~. 6
7.1 Numerital values . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“.~.~.
................................................................................................................ 6
7.1.1 8-bit unsigned numerical values
.................................................................................................................... 6
7.1.2 $-bit signed numerical values
.............................................................................................................. 6
7.1.3 1 o-bit unsigned numerical values
..................................................................................................................
7.1.4 16-bit signed numerical values
7.1.5 32-bit unsigned numerical values .
7.1.6 32-bit signed numerical values .
7.1.7 64-bit unsigned numerical values .
7.2 Character sets and coding .
........................................................................................................................ 7
7.2.1 Character set specification
..................................................................................................................................... 8
7.2.2 CS0 Character set
..................................................................................................................................... 8
7.2.3 CS1 Character set
..................................................................................................................................... 8
7.2.4 CS2 Character set
7.2.5 CS3 Character set .
7.2.6 CS4 Character set .
7.2.7 CS5 Character set .
7.2.8 CS6 Character set .
7.2.9 CS7 Character set .
7.2.10 CS8 Character set .
.............................................................................................................................. 9
7.2.11 List of Character sets
................................................................................................................... 9
7.2.12 Fixed-length Character fields
7.3 Timestamp format .
7.3.1 Timestamp .
7.3.2 Short timestamp .
7.4 Entity Identifier .
7.4.1 Flags (RBP 0) .
7.4.2 Identifier (RBP 3) .
...................................................................................................................... 12
7.4.3 Identifier Suffix (RBP 24)

ISO/IEC 13490-1: 1995(E) OISOLIEC
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the
specialised System for worldwide Standardisation. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the
development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective Organisation to deal with
particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other
international organisations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft
International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the national bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO/IEC 13490 was prepared by the European Association for Standardizing Information and
Communication Systems, ECMA, (as ECMA-168) and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure” by joint technical
committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval by national bodies of ISO and IEC.
ISOIIEC 13490 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Information technology - Volume and file structure of
read-only and write-once compact disk media for information interchange
- Part 1: General
- Part 2: Volume and File Structure
iv
OISO/IEC ISO/IEC 13490-1: 1995 (E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 13490 tan be used for both CD-ROM and CD-WO media for interchanging files. ISO/IEC 13490 is an enhancement
of ISO 9660 for CD-ROM applications that has eliminated several restrictions and performante Problems of ISO 9660.
ISO/IEC 13346 and ISO/IEC 13490 follow the same volume and file structure framework. ISO/IEC 13490 has common
definitions with ISO/IEC 13346 regarding volume and boot block recognition, file attributes, registration procedures and record
structure.
ISO/IEC 13490 is published in two parts. Part 1 - General - specifies references, definitions, notations and basic structures used
in the other part. Part 2 - Volume and File Structure - specifies how to record various volume-related entities such as volumes
and volume Sets, and how to record and interpret files, both file data and file attributes, and file hierarchies within a volume set.
V
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD @ISO/HXJ
ISOIEC 13490-1: 1995 (E)
Information technology - Volume and file structure of read-only and
write-once compact disk media for information interchange -
Part 1:
General
1 Scope
ISO/IEC 13490 specifies a format and associated System requirements for volume and boot block recognition, volume
structure, file structure and record structure for the interchange of information between users of information processing
Systems using CD-WO (a write-once compact disk medium), hybrid CD-WO (a write-once compact disk with a read-only
area) and CD-ROM disks.
NOTE 1 - CD-WO is an evolution of CD-ROM technology which allows the recording of information on a write-once compact disk medium.
The volume and boot block recognition is specified in ISOLIEC 13346-2. The record structure is specified in ISO/IEC
133465.
NOTE 2 -A volume set may be recorded that is in conformance with both ISO 9660 and ISO/IEC 13490. ISO/IEC 13490 is an enhancement of ISO 9660.
ISO/IEC 13490 allows greater information interchange using CD-ROM. In addition, it supports incremental recording and updating of information stored on a
CD-WO disk. Under certain restrictions (see 2/l3.2.1), all of the files may be read by both a receiving System conforming to ISO 9660 and by a receiving
System conforming to ISO/IEC 13490.
This part of ISO/IEC 13490 specifies references, definitions, notation and basic structures that apply to ISO/IEC 13490-2.
2 Parts references
The first digit of a reference in ISO/IEC 13490 identifies the part. If the digit is preceded by “R ”, the reference is to a part
and clause of ISO/IEC 13346. For example, 2/5 refers to clause 5 in ISO/IEC 13490-2 and R2/5 refers to clause 5 in
ISO/IEC 13346-2. If the reference is preceded by “figure ”, the reference is to a figure. For example, figure 2/5 refers to
figure 5 in ISO/IEC 13490-2. If the reference is preceded by “table ”, the reference is to a table. For example, table 2/5 refers
to table 5 in ISO/IEC 13490-2.
3 Conformance
3.1 Conformance of a medium
A medium shall be in conformance with ISO/IEC 13490 when it conforms to a Standard for recording (see U5.13) and all
information recorded on it conforms to the specifications of ISO/IEC 13490, ISO/IEC 13346-2 and ISOLIEC 13346-5, or to
ISO/IEC 13490 and ISO/IEC 13346-2. A Statement of conformance shall identify the Parts of ISO/IEC 13346, and the levels
of medium interchange (see R2/10 and 2/16) to which the contents of the medium conform.
3.2 Conformance of an information processing System
An information processing System shall be in conformance with ISO/IEC 13490 if it meets the requirements specified in
ISO/IEC 13490, ISO/IEC 13346-2 and ISOLIEC 13346-5, or in ISO/IEC 13490 and ISO/IEC 13346-2 either for an
originating System (see R2/12, 2/18 and R5/11) or for a receiving System (see R2/13, 2/19 and R5/12) or for both types of
System. A Statement of conformance shall identify the Parts of ISO/IEC 13346 and the levels of the requirements for the
Parts of ISO/IEC 13346 and ISO/IEC 13490 which tan be met by the System.
4 Normative references
The following Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO/IEC 13490. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and
Parties to agreements based on this part of ISOLIEC 13490 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International
Standards.
ISO/IEC 13490-1: 1995(E) OISO/IEC
- ISO 7-bit coded Character set for information interchange.
ISO/IEC 646: 199 1, Information technology
ISOAEC 2022: 1994, Information technology - Character code structure and extension techniques.
Control functions for coded Character Sets.
ISO/IEC 6429: 1992, Information technology -
ISO 8859- 1: 1987, Information processing - 8-bit Single-byte coded graphic Character sets - Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1.
ISO 9660: 1988, Information processing - Volume and file structure of CD-ROM for information interchange.
Portable Operating System Inter$ace (POSIX) - Part 1: System
ISOIIEC 9945- 1: 1990, Information technology -
Application Program InterJace (API) [C Language].
- Data interchange on read-only 120 mm Optical data disks (CD-ROM).
ISO/IEC 10149: 1995, Information technology
Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (WS) - Part 1.
ISO/IEC 10646- 1: 1993, Information technology -
Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.
ISO/IEC 13346-2: 1995, Information technology - Volume and file structure of write-once and rewritable media using
- Part 2: Volume and boot block recognition.
non-sequential recording for information interchange
ISOIIEC 13346-5: 1995, Information technology - Volume and file structure of write-once and rewritable media using
non-sequential recording for information interchange -Part 5: Record structure.
Volume andfile structure of read-only and write-once compact disk media
ISOIIEC 13490-2: 1995, Information technology -
for information interchange - Part 2: Volume and file structure.
ISOIIEC 13800 ”, Information technology - Procedure for the registration of identifiers and attributes for volume and file
structure.
IEC 908: 1987, Compact disc digital audio System.
5 Definitions
For the purposes of ISO/IEC 13490, the following definitions apply.
‘) To be published
ISOLIEC 13490-1: 1995 (E)
OISOIIEC
5.1 application: A program that processes the contents of a file, and may also process selected attribute data relating to the
file or to the volume(s) on which the file is recorded.
5.2 byte: A string of eight binary digits operated upon as a unit. If the Standard for recording (See M.13) specifies that the
Container for the recording of a byte has more than eight bits, a byte shall be recorded in the least significant eight bits of the
to ZERO.
Container with the remainine bits of the Container set
53 l CD-ROM: A read-only compact disk (see 115.5).
54 0 CD-WO: A write-once compact disk (see U5.5) that conforms to a Standard for recording (see U5.13).
55 . compact disk: An Optical disk that is recorded according to IEC 908 and ISO/IEC 10149.
56 l descriptor: A structure containing descriptive information about a volume or a file.
57 . file: A collection of information.
58 0 implementation: A set of processes which enable an information processing System to behave as an originating System,
System.
or as a receiving System, or as both types of
5.9 originating System: An information processing System which tan create a set of files on a volume set for the purpose
of data interchange with another System.
5.10 receiving System: An information processing System which tan read a set of files from a volume set which has been
created by another System for the purpose of data interchange.
5.11 record: A sequence of bytes treated as a unit of information.
5.12 sector: The data field of an addressable part of the medium that tan be accessed independently of other addressable
parts of the medium as specified in the Standard for recording (see U5.13).
5.13 Standard for recording: A Standard that specifies the recording method and the addressing method for the
information recorded on a medium. Annex A of ISO/IEC 13490-2 specifies the restrictions on a Standard for recording that are
relevant for ISO/IEC 13490.
The Standard for recording used in conjunction with ISO/IEC 13490 is subject to agreement between the originator and
recipient of the medium.
5.14 User: A person or other entity (for example, an application) that Causes the invocation of the Services provided by an
implementation.
5.15 vohme: A sector address space as specified in the Standard for recording (see M.13).
NOTE 3 - A medium usually has a Single set of sector addresses, and is therefore a Single volume. A medium may have a separate set of addresses for each
side of the medium, and is therefore two volumes.
5.16 volume set: A collection of one or more volumes with identical volume set identification.
6 Notation
The following notation is used in ISO/IEC 13490.
6.1 Numerital notation
6.1.1 Decimal notation
Numbers in decimal notation are represented by decimal digits.
6.1.2 Hexadecimal notation
Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented as a sequence of one or more hexadecimal digits prefixed by ‘W ’:
0123456789ABCDEF
hexadecimal digit
decimal value 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
ISO/IEC 13490-1: 1995 (E) OISO/IEC
6.2 Bit fields
Certain fields containing an integral value, or Parts of Felds containing an integral value, are intended to be interpreted as an
array of bits. This array of bits shall be referred to as a bit field.
Bit positions within an n bit field are numbered such that the least significant bit is numbered 0 and the most significant bit is
numbered n-l.
6.3 Descriptor formats
Descriptor formats shall be specified by a table specifying the location, length, name and contents of each field. The
intermetation of each field shall be given in the prose associated with the table.
Table 1 - Example descriptor format
Byte Position Length in bytes Name Conte&
0 4 Data Length (=D-L) Uint32 (1/7.1.5)
4 32 Application Identifier regid (1/7.4)
36 4 Reserved #OO bytes
40 2 Intl6 (1/7.1.4) =57
Type
42 DL Implementation Use bytes
-
*
[D-L+421 Padding #OO bytes
The descriptor specified by table l/l has six fields:
- The Data Length field shall
...