ISO/FDIS 5312

Civil small and light unmanned aircraft (UA) — Sharp injury to human body by rotor blades — Evaluation and test method

Aéronefs sans pilote (UA) civils petits et légers — Coupure sur le corps humain par des pales de rotor — Évaluation et méthode d'essai

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 16 - Unmanned aircraft systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 16/WG 5 - Testing and evaluation
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 03-Aug-2023
• Completion Date: 03-Aug-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

2023-02-08
ISO/DISFDIS 5312:2022(E)
ISO TC20/SC16/WG5/TC 20/SC 16
Secretariat: ANSI
Date: 2023-07-19
Civil small and light unmanned aircraft (UA) — Sharp injury to
human body by rotor blades — Evaluation and test method of
rotor blade sharp injury to human body for civil lightweight and
small UA
FDIS stage
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DISFDIS 5312:20222023(E)
© ISO 20222023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax: [phone]
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DISFDIS 5312:20222023(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Sharp injury scale . 2
5 Requirements for sharp damage . 2
6 Evaluation requirement . 4
6.1 Test purpose . 4
6.2 Test conditions . 4
6.2.1 Technical documents . 4
6.2.2 Test equipment and instruments . 4
6.3 Test site . 5
6.4 Test environment . 5
6.5 Test staff . 5
6.6 Test interruption and resumption . 5
6.7 Test evaluation report . 5
7 Evaluation content . 6
8 Evaluation tests . 6
8.1 Test principle . 6
8.2 Test preparation . 8
8.2.1 Test checklist . 8
8.2.2 Test installation . 8
8.3 Test procedures . 8
8.4 Post-test inspection . 9
9 Result evaluation . 9
9.1 Result validity . 9
9.2 Injury scale . 9
Bibliography . 10

© ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DISFDIS 5312:20222023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documentsdocument should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance
with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawnISO draws attention to the possibility that some of the elementsimplementation of this
document may beinvolve the subjectuse of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence,
validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of
this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information,
which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the
development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations
received (see ).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DISFDIS 5312:20222023(E)
Introduction
The global civil unmanned aircraft (UA) industry is developing rapidly and its application market is vast.
In particular, the amount of low-altitude, slow-speed, lightsmall and smalllight UA increases significantly,
becoming the majority of civil UA. At present, the civil small and light and small UA include multicopter
UA, fixed-wing UA and helicopter UA. The multicopter UA are widely used due to the simplicity, highly
intelligent flight control system, and high stability. Considering uncontrollable factors, such as the
reliability of UA and operational issues, collisions are inevitable in some circumstances. The safety of
people in public place is critical.
Blunt and sharp injuries are caused by the collision between a UA and human body. The blunt injury is
caused by the impact of a UA at a speed, while the sharp injury refers to the laceration and puncture to
human body caused by high-speed rotating blades of a UA. Due to the lightweight and high-
manoeuvrability of the small and light UA, the sharp injury caused by the high-speed rotating blades can
be more serious as a safety threat to human body comparing to the blunt injury.
Previous tests have shown that the sharp injury caused by the rotor blades of small and light and small
UA is related to the rotational speed, blades size, blade material and impact speed. However, there is still
no standard or guidance available to specify the key techniques, such as the selection of impact
environment and equipment, the test method coupling the rotational speed of blades and flight speed of
UA, the evaluation criteria for tests. Without an appropriate method to evaluate and verify the safety of
UA rotor blades, it is not conducive to the safety management and safety assessment of small and light
and small UA market. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a standard to specify the test and
evaluation methods for sharp injury to human body caused by UA rotor blades.
This document specifies requirements for the safety test method for the laceration and puncture caused
by the civil small and light and small UA, including test principles, test methods, test equipment, test
specimens, test items, test procedures, result evaluation, etc. In addition, the establishment of the
standard supports the evaluation of the laceration and puncture caused by the civil small and light and
small UA. The implementation of this document promotes the development of the test technology on the
laceration and puncture caused by the civil small and light and small UA, thereby improving the safety of
the product.
Currently, the test method of laceration and puncture caused by the civil small and light and small UA has
not been standardized. The published International Standards for UA, such as ISO 21384-4, have not
provided the expected guidance for the safety test of the laceration and puncture caused by multicopter
UA at this stage.
The main technical contents of this document are the following:
a) a) the test principles and method of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil
small and light and small multicopter UA;
b) b) the test equipment of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil small and
light and small multicopter UA;
c) c) the test items and procedures of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil
small and light and small multicopter UA;
d) d) the result evaluation method of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil
small and light and small multicopter UA.
© ISO 2022 2023 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
Civil small and light unmanned aircraft (UA) — Sharp injury to
human body by rotor blades — Evaluation and test method of rotor
blade sharp injury to human body for civil lightweight and small UA
1 Scope
This document specifies the evaluation and test method for sharp injury to human body caused by rotor
blades of civil small and light and small unmanned aircraft (UA), including injury scale, requirements,
content, tests, results, etc.
This document is applicable to evaluating and testing the sharp injury to human body caused by rotor
blades of civil lightsmall and smalllight UA (with maximum take-off mass between 0,25 kg to 4 kg, which
are between the scale 2 and 3 categorisedas categorized by ISO 21895), including multicopter UA,
unmanned helicopters and other rotor UA.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21384-4, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
ISO 21895:2020, Categorization and classification of civil unmanned aircraft systems
ISO 21384-4:2020, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21384-4, ISO 21895 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
sharp injury
injury or dysfunction to skin tissue caused by laceration (3.5) or puncture by UA rotor blades
3.2
sharp injury scale
severity of skin injury or dysfunction to skin tissue caused laceration (3.5) or puncture by UA rotor blades
3.3
accumulating loading impact test
test that a UA is driven by an accumulator loading device to impact the target
3.4
bionic skin
substitution with similar physical properties to human skin to be used in sharp injury (3.1(3.1)) t
...

FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 5312
ISO/TC 20/SC 16
Civil small and light unmanned
Secretariat: ANSI
aircraft (UA) — Sharp injury to human
Voting begins on:
2023-08-03 body by rotor blades — Evaluation and
test method
Voting terminates on:
2023-09-28
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 5312
ISO/TC 20/SC 16
Civil small and light unmanned
Secretariat: ANSI
aircraft (UA) — Sharp injury to human
Voting begins on:
body by rotor blades — Evaluation and
test method
Voting terminates on:
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: [phone]
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: [e-mail]
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO­
ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN­
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Sharp injury scale .2
5 Requirements for sharp damage . 2
6 Evaluation requirement . 4
6.1 Test purpose . 4
6.2 Test conditions . 4
6.2.1 Technical documents . 4
6.2.2 Test equipment and instruments . . 4
6.3 Test site . 5
6.4 Test environment . 5
6.5 Test staff . 5
6.6 Test interruption and resumption . 5
6.7 Test evaluation report . 5
7 Evaluation content .6
8 Evaluation tests .6
8.1 Test principle . 6
8.2 Test preparation . 7
8.2.1 Test checklist . 7
8.2.2 Test installation . . 7
8.3 Test procedures . 8
8.4 Post­test inspection . 8
9 Result evaluation . 9
9.1 Result validity . 9
9.2 Injury scale . 9
Bibliography .10
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non­governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles,
Subcommittee SC 16, Unmanned aircraft systems.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
  © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
Introduction
The global civil unmanned aircraft (UA) industry is developing rapidly and its application market is
vast. In particular, the amount of low-altitude, slow-speed, small and light UA increases significantly,
becoming the majority of civil UA. At present, the civil small and light UA include multicopter UA, fixed-
wing UA and helicopter UA. The multicopter UA are widely used due to the simplicity, highly intelligent
flight control system, and high stability. Considering uncontrollable factors, such as the reliability of UA
and operational issues, collisions are inevitable in some circumstances. The safety of people in public
place is critical.
Blunt and sharp injuries are caused by the collision between a UA and human body. The blunt injury is
caused by the impact of a UA at a speed, while the sharp injury refers to the laceration and puncture
to human body caused by high-speed rotating blades of a UA. Due to the lightweight and high-
manoeuvrability of the small and light UA, the sharp injury caused by the high-speed rotating blades
can be more serious as a safety threat to human body comparing to the blunt injury.
Previous tests have shown that the sharp injury caused by the rotor blades of small and light UA is
related to the rotational speed, blades size, blade material and impact speed. However, there is still
no standard or guidance available to specify the key techniques, such as the selection of impact
environment and equipment, the test method coupling the rotational speed of blades and flight speed
of UA, the evaluation criteria for tests. Without an appropriate method to evaluate and verify the safety
of UA rotor blades, it is not conducive to the safety management and safety assessment of small and
light UA market. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a standard to specify the test and
evaluation methods for sharp injury to human body caused by UA rotor blades.
This document specifies requirements for the safety test method for the laceration and puncture caused
by the civil small and light UA, including test principles, test methods, test equipment, test specimens,
test items, test procedures, result evaluation, etc. In addition, the establishment of the standard
supports the evaluation of the laceration and puncture caused by the civil small and light UA. The
implementation of this document promotes the development of the test technology on the laceration
and puncture caused by the civil small and light UA, thereby improving the safety of the product.
Currently, the test method of laceration and puncture caused by the civil small and light UA has not been
standardized. The published International Standards for UA, such as ISO 21384­4, have not provided
the expected guidance for the safety test of the laceration and puncture caused by multicopter UA at
this stage.
The main technical contents of this document are the following:
a) the test principles and method of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil
small and light multicopter UA;
b) the test equipment of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil small and light
multicopter UA;
c) the test items and procedures of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil
small and light multicopter UA;
d) the result evaluation method of the laceration and puncture caused by the rotor blades of civil
small and light multicopter UA.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 5312:2023(E)
Civil small and light unmanned aircraft (UA) — Sharp
injury to human body by rotor blades — Evaluation and
test method
1 Scope
This document specifies the evaluation and test method for sharp injury to human body caused by rotor
blades of civil small and light unmanned aircraft (UA), including injury scale, requirements, content,
tests, results, etc.
This document is applicable to evaluating and testing the sharp injury to human body caused by
rotor blades of civil small and light UA (with maximum take-off mass between 0,25 kg to 4 kg, which
are between the scale 2 and 3 as categorized by ISO 21895), including multicopter UA, unmanned
helicopters and other rotor UA.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendme
...