ISO/TS 19159-3:2018
(Main)Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data — Part 3: SAR/InSAR
Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery sensors and data — Part 3: SAR/InSAR
This document defines the calibration of SAR/InSAR sensors and validation of SAR/InSAR calibration information. This document addresses earth based remote sensing. The specified sensors include airborne and spaceborne SAR/InSAR sensors. This document also addresses the metadata related to calibration and validation.
Information géographique — Calibration et validation de capteurs de télédétection — Partie 3: SAR/InSAR
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19159-3
First edition
2018-05
Geographic information — Calibration
and validation of remote sensing
imagery sensors and data —
Part 3:
SAR/InSAR
Information géographique — Calibration et validation de capteurs de
télédétection —
Partie 3: SAR/InSAR
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and conventions . 8
4.1 Symbols . 8
4.2 Abbreviated terms .10
4.3 Conventions .10
5 Conformance .11
6 General SAR sensor calibration model .11
6.1 Introduction .11
6.2 Top-level model .12
6.3 Radar system .14
6.4 Antenna system .15
6.5 Antenna phase centre .16
6.6 SAR signal processing .17
6.7 Atmospheric propagation and earth motion .18
6.8 SAR calibration field .20
6.8.1 Introduction .20
6.8.2 CA_SARCalibrationField .22
6.8.3 CA_SARCalibrationNaturalField .22
6.8.4 CA_SARCalibrationManmadeField .22
6.8.5 CA_SARCalibrationEquipment .22
6.8.6 CA_CornerReflectorAndTransponder .22
6.8.7 CA_GroundReceiver .23
6.8.8 CA_ScatteringMatrix .23
6.9 SAR validation .23
6.10 SAR Requirement .24
7 InSAR sensor calibration model .24
7.1 General .24
7.2 CA_InSARSensor.25
7.3 InSAR Requirement .27
8 PolSAR sensor calibration model .27
8.1 General .27
8.2 CA_PolSARSensor .28
8.3 PolSAR requirement .29
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .30
Annex B (normative) Data dictionary .31
Annex C (informative) SAR geometric calibration use case .46
Annex D (informative) SAR radiometric calibration use case .50
Bibliography .53
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19159 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Imaging sensors are one of the major data sources for geographic information.
The image data captures spatial and spectral measurements and has numerous applications ranging
from road/town planning to geological mapping. Typical spatial outcomes of the production process
are vector maps, digital elevation models, and 3-dimensional city models.
In each case the quality of the end products fully depends on the quality of the measuring instruments
that have originally sensed the data. The quality of measuring instruments is determined and
documented by calibration.
Calibration is often a costly and time consuming process. Therefore, a number of different strategies
are in place that combine longer time intervals between subsequent calibrations with simplified
intermediate calibration procedures that bridge the time gap and still guarantee a traceable level of
quality.
This document standardizes the calibration of remote sensing imagery sensors and the validation of the
calibration information and procedures. It does not address the validation of the data and the derived
products.
Many types of imagery sensors exist for remote sensing tasks. Apart from the different technologies the
need for a standardization of the various sensor types has a different priority. In order to meet those
requirements ISO/TS 19159 has been split into several parts. ISO/TS 19159-1 addresses the optical
sensors. ISO/TS 19159-2 addresses the airborne lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors. ISO/
TS 19159-3 (this document) covers synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR (InSAR).
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E)
Geographic information — Calibration and validation of
remote sensing imagery sensors and data —
Part 3:
SAR/InSAR
1 Scope
This document defines the calibration of SAR/InSAR sensors and validation of SAR/InSAR calibration
information.
This document addresses earth based remote sensing. The specified sensors include airborne and
spaceborne SAR/InSAR sensors.
This document also addresses the metadata related to calibration and validation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO/TS 19130:2010, Geographic information — Imagery sensor models for geopositioning
ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, Geographic information — Imagery sensor models for geopositioning — Part 2: SAR,
InSAR, lidar and sonar
ISO 19157, Geographic information — Data quality
ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery
sensors and data — Part 1: Optical sensors
ISO/TS 19159-2, Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery
sensors — Part 2: Lidar
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
—
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 19159-3
First edition
2018-05
Geographic information — Calibration
and validation of remote sensing
imagery sensors and data —
Part 3:
SAR/InSAR
Information géographique — Calibration et validation de capteurs de
télédétection —
Partie 3: SAR/InSAR
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols, abbreviated terms and conventions . 8
4.1 Symbols . 8
4.2 Abbreviated terms .10
4.3 Conventions .10
5 Conformance .11
6 General SAR sensor calibration model .11
6.1 Introduction .11
6.2 Top-level model .12
6.3 Radar system .14
6.4 Antenna system .15
6.5 Antenna phase centre .16
6.6 SAR signal processing .17
6.7 Atmospheric propagation and earth motion .18
6.8 SAR calibration field .20
6.8.1 Introduction .20
6.8.2 CA_SARCalibrationField .22
6.8.3 CA_SARCalibrationNaturalField .22
6.8.4 CA_SARCalibrationManmadeField .22
6.8.5 CA_SARCalibrationEquipment .22
6.8.6 CA_CornerReflectorAndTransponder .22
6.8.7 CA_GroundReceiver .23
6.8.8 CA_ScatteringMatrix .23
6.9 SAR validation .23
6.10 SAR Requirement .24
7 InSAR sensor calibration model .24
7.1 General .24
7.2 CA_InSARSensor.25
7.3 InSAR Requirement .27
8 PolSAR sensor calibration model .27
8.1 General .27
8.2 CA_PolSARSensor .28
8.3 PolSAR requirement .29
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .30
Annex B (normative) Data dictionary .31
Annex C (informative) SAR geometric calibration use case .46
Annex D (informative) SAR radiometric calibration use case .50
Bibliography .53
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
A list of all parts in the ISO 19159 series can be found on the ISO website.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Imaging sensors are one of the major data sources for geographic information.
The image data captures spatial and spectral measurements and has numerous applications ranging
from road/town planning to geological mapping. Typical spatial outcomes of the production process
are vector maps, digital elevation models, and 3-dimensional city models.
In each case the quality of the end products fully depends on the quality of the measuring instruments
that have originally sensed the data. The quality of measuring instruments is determined and
documented by calibration.
Calibration is often a costly and time consuming process. Therefore, a number of different strategies
are in place that combine longer time intervals between subsequent calibrations with simplified
intermediate calibration procedures that bridge the time gap and still guarantee a traceable level of
quality.
This document standardizes the calibration of remote sensing imagery sensors and the validation of the
calibration information and procedures. It does not address the validation of the data and the derived
products.
Many types of imagery sensors exist for remote sensing tasks. Apart from the different technologies the
need for a standardization of the various sensor types has a different priority. In order to meet those
requirements ISO/TS 19159 has been split into several parts. ISO/TS 19159-1 addresses the optical
sensors. ISO/TS 19159-2 addresses the airborne lidar (light detection and ranging) sensors. ISO/
TS 19159-3 (this document) covers synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and interferometric SAR (InSAR).
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 19159-3:2018(E)
Geographic information — Calibration and validation of
remote sensing imagery sensors and data —
Part 3:
SAR/InSAR
1 Scope
This document defines the calibration of SAR/InSAR sensors and validation of SAR/InSAR calibration
information.
This document addresses earth based remote sensing. The specified sensors include airborne and
spaceborne SAR/InSAR sensors.
This document also addresses the metadata related to calibration and validation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19103, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO/TS 19130:2010, Geographic information — Imagery sensor models for geopositioning
ISO/TS 19130-2:2014, Geographic information — Imagery sensor models for geopositioning — Part 2: SAR,
InSAR, lidar and sonar
ISO 19157, Geographic information — Data quality
ISO/TS 19159-1:2014, Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery
sensors and data — Part 1: Optical sensors
ISO/TS 19159-2, Geographic information — Calibration and validation of remote sensing imagery
sensors — Part 2: Lidar
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
—
...
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