ISO 7240-15:2014

Fire detection and alarm systems - Part 15: Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors

ISO 7240-15:2014 specifies requirements, test methods, and performance criteria for point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors, incorporating in one mechanical enclosure at least one smoke sensor and at least one other sensor which responds to heat, and in which the signal(s) of the smoke sensor(s) is (are) combined with the signal(s) of the heat sensor(s). The performance of a single sensor within the detector covered by ISO 7240-15:2014 cannot be sufficient for conformity to other parts of ISO 7240 for the single sensor detector. Certain types of detectors can contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation protection differ from country to country and they are not therefore specified in this standard. However, such detectors are expected to conform to the national requirements and be in line with the recommendations of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For the testing of other types of detectors, or detectors working on different principles, ISO 7240-15:2014 can be used only for guidance. Detectors with special characteristics, developed for specific risks, are not covered in ISO 7240-15:2014.

Systèmes de détection et d'alarme d'incendie — Partie 15: Détecteurs linéaires de fumée utilisant une transmission par faisceaux lumineux

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Jun-2014
• ICS: 13.220.20 - Fire protection
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 3 - Fire detection and alarm systems
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 10-Mar-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 7240-15:2004 - Fire detection and alarm systems - Part 15: Point type fire detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization sensors in combination with a heat sensor
• Effective Date: 10-Nov-2012

Overview - ISO 7240-15:2014 (Fire detection and alarm systems)

ISO 7240-15:2014 defines requirements, test methods and performance criteria for point-type fire detectors that combine smoke and heat sensors in a single enclosure. The standard covers detectors in which at least one smoke sensor and at least one heat-responsive sensor are present and the signals are combined to determine alarm conditions. It clarifies scope limits (single-sensor performance alone does not imply conformity to other ISO 7240 parts) and notes national radiation rules for detectors that may contain radioactive materials.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Combined smoke + heat detection: Specification for multi-sensor point detectors where smoke and heat sensor signals are integrated to improve detection reliability and reduce false alarms.
• Performance criteria and test methods: Detailed tests for smoke and heat response, fire sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility of responses.
• Environmental and mechanical durability: Tests include dry/cold/damp heat endurance, corrosion (SO2), shock, impact, vibration, and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).
• Operational robustness: Requirements for on-site and manufacturer adjustments, protection against ingress of foreign bodies, monitoring of detachable detectors, and software-controlled detector considerations.
• Marking, data and reporting: Requirements for marking, data provision and test reports to support installation and conformity assessment.
• Special notes: New in this edition - smoke sensors using scattered or transmitted light must be marked with one of two nominal response threshold bands; additional requirements for detectors with more than one smoke sensor. Detectors developed for specific risks or working on different principles are outside this part and may use it only as guidance.
• Radiation / regulatory compliance: Detectors containing radioactive materials must meet national radiation-protection requirements and align with NEA/OECD recommendations.

Practical applications and who uses it

ISO 7240-15 is used by:

• Detector manufacturers developing or certifying multi-sensor smoke/heat point detectors.
• Test laboratories and conformity assessors conducting standardized performance, environmental and EMC testing.
• System designers and specifiers choosing detectors for buildings where false alarm resistance and broad fire-type coverage are required.
• Installers, authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) and consultants referencing harmonized requirements for product selection, installation guidance and compliance.
• Procurement teams and facility managers seeking detectors with demonstrated robustness to environmental and mechanical stressors.

Keywords: ISO 7240-15:2014, fire detection, alarm systems, point-type detectors, smoke and heat sensors, multi-sensor detectors, test methods, performance criteria.

Related standards

• ISO 7240-1 (General and definitions)
• ISO 7240-5 (Point-type heat detectors)
• ISO 7240-7 (Point-type smoke detectors)
• ISO 7240-14 (Design, installation, commissioning and service)
• ISO 209 (Aluminium composition)

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7240-15
Second edition
2014-07-01
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 15:
Point-type fire detectors using smoke
and heat sensors
Systèmes de détection et d’alarme d’incendie —
Partie 15: Détecteurs linéaires de fumée utilisant une transmission
par faisceaux lumineux
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Requirements . 2
4.1 Compliance . 2
4.2 Design considerations. 2
4.3 Smoke-response value of detectors using scattered or transmitted light . 2
4.4 Individual alarm indication . 3
4.5 Indication of other conditions . 3
4.6 Connection of ancillary devices . 3
4.7 Monitoring of detachable detectors . 3
4.8 Manufacturer’s adjustments . 3
4.9 On-site adjustment of response behaviour . 3
4.10 Response to slowly developing fires . 4
4.11 Protection against ingress of foreign bodies . 4
4.12 Software-controlled detectors . 4
5 Tests . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Repeatability of smoke response . 9
5.3 Directional dependence of smoke response .10
5.4 Directional dependence of heat response .11
5.5 Reproducibility of smoke response .11
5.6 Reproducibility of heat response .12
5.7 Lower limit of heat response .12
5.8 Air movement.13
5.9 Dazzling .14
5.10 Variation in supply parameters (voltage) .14
5.11 Dry heat (operational) .15
5.12 Cold (operational) .16
5.13 Damp heat, cyclic (operational) .17
5.14 Damp heat, steady-state (endurance) .18
5.15 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance) .19
5.16 Shock (operational) .20
5.17 Impact (operational) .21
5.18 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational) .22
5.19 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) .24
5.20 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).25
5.21 Detectors with more than one smoke sensor — Optional test . .25
5.22 Fire sensitivity .26
6 Test report .28
7 Marking .28
8 Data .29
Annex A (normative) Compensation for detector drift .30
Annex B (normative) Smoke tunnel for smoke-response value measurements .35
Annex C (normative) Heat tunnel for heat-response value measurements .40
Annex D (normative) Apparatus for the dazzling test .41
Annex E (normative) Apparatus for the impact test .42
Annex F (normative) Fire test room .44
Annex G (normative) Open cellulosic (wood) fire (TF1) .46
Annex H (normative) Smouldering (pyrolysis) wood fire (TF2) .48
Annex I (normative) Glowing smouldering cotton fire (TF3) .51
Annex J (normative) Flaming plastics (polyurethane) fire (TF4) .53
Annex K (normative) Flaming liquid (n-heptane) fire (TF5) .56
Annex L (normative) Low-temperature black-smoke liquid (decalin) fire (TF8) .58
Annex M (informative) Construction of the measuring ionization chamber .60
Annex N (informative) Construction of the heat tunnel .63
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7240-15:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 7240 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire detection and alarm systems:
— Part 1: General and definitions
— Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
— Part 3: Audible alarm devices
— Part 4: Power supply equipment
— Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
— Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-chemical cells
— Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
— Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
— Part 9: Test fires for fire detectors [Technical Specification]
— Part 10: Point-type flame detectors
— Part 11: Manual call points
— Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
— Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
— Part 14: Design, installation, commissioning and service of fire detection and fire alarm systems in and
around buildings
— Part 15: Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors
— Part 16: Sound system control and indicating equipment
— Part 17: Short-circuit isolators
— Part 18: Input/output devices
— Part 19: Design, installation, commissioning and service of sound systems for emergency purposes
— Part 20: Aspirating smoke detectors
— Part 21: Routing equipment
— Part 22: Smoke-detection equipment for ducts
— Part 23: Visual alarm devices
— Part 24: Sound-system loudspeakers
— Part 25: Components using radio transmission paths
— Part 27: Point-type fire detectors using a scattered-light, transmitted-light or ionization smoke sensor,
an electrochemical-cell carbon-monoxide sensor and a heat sensor
— Part 28: Fire protection control equipment
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 29: Video fire detectors
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This part of ISO 7240 is prepared by ISO/TC 21/SC 3, the secretariat of which is held by SA, and is based
on ISO 7240-15:2004.
Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors are general purpose fire detectors for installation
in and around buildings. Multi-sensor detectors respond to a broad range of fires and can be designed to
achieve high stability against deceptive phenomena that can result in unwanted alarms.
A fire detection and alarm system is required to function satisfactorily not only in the event of fire,
but also during and after exposure to conditions it is likely to meet in practice, including corrosion,
vibration, direct impact, indirect shock and electromagnetic interference. Specific tests are intended to
assess the performance of detectors under such conditions.
This edition introduces a requirement that smoke sensors that operate on the principle of scattered
or transmitted light to be marked with one of two possible nominal response threshold bands. The
availability of two of response threshold bands provides installation designers with a detector selection
choice to further reduce the risk of unwanted alarms in installations where unfavourable environmental
conditions are present.
This edition introduces additional requirements for smoke detectors with more than one smoke sensor.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 15:
Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7240 specifies requirements, test methods, and performance criteria for point-type fire
detectors using smoke and heat sensors, incorporating in one mechanical enclosure at least one smoke
sensor and at least one other sensor which responds to heat, and in which the signal(s) of the smoke
sensor(s) is (are) combined with the signal(s) of the heat sensor(s).
The performance of a single sensor within the detector covered by this part of ISO 7240 cannot be
sufficient for conformity to other parts of ISO 7240 for the single sensor detector.
Certain types of detectors can contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation
protection differ from country to country and they are not therefore specified in this standard.
However, such detectors are expected to conform to the national requirements and be in line with the
recommendations of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation
1)
and Development (OECD) .
For the testing of other types of detectors, or detectors working on different principles, this part of
ISO 7240 can be used only for guidance. Detectors with special characteristics, developed for specific
risks, are not covered in this part of ISO 7240.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 209, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition
ISO 7240-1, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 1: General and definitions
ISO 7240-5:2012, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
ISO 7240-7, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light,
transmitted light or ionization
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests. Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests. Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing — Part 2-27: Tests. Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testingPart 2-30: Tests. Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
1) OECD, Recommendations for ionization smoke detectors in implementation of radiation protection standards.
Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
IEC 60068-2-42, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests. Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and
connections
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
EN 50130-4, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard: Immunity
requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7240-1 apply.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
FDCIE fire detection control and indicating equipment
4 Requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this part of ISO 7240, the detector shall meet the following requirements.
a) Clause 4, which shall be verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment, shall be tested in
accordance with Clause 5 and shall meet the requirements of the tests.
b) Clauses 7 and 8, which shall be verified by visual inspection.
4.2 Design considerations
Detectors shall be so designed that the signal(s) from the smoke sensor(s), combined with the signal(s)
from the heat sensor(s), release an alarm signal.
NOTE In some cases, an alarm signal can result from only one element, but the overall fire performance is
dependent on signals from more than one sensor being combined in some form of signal processing.
4.3 Smoke-response value of detectors using scattered or transmitted light
Detectors using scattered or transmitted light shall conform to one of the two response threshold value
bands specified in Table 1 and the corresponding end-of-test conditions for the test fires specified in
5.22.
Table 1 — Smoke-response value for detectors using scattered or transmitted light
Smoke-response Test fires end-of-test conditions
value in smoke tunnel
TF1 TF2 TF3 TF4 TF5 TF8
(aerosol)
dB/m dB/m dB/m dimensionless dimensionless dB/m
dB/m
1 0,05 < m < 0,3 m = 2 m = 2 m = 2 y = 6 y = 6 m = 1,7
2 0,2 < m < 0,6 m = 2 m = 2 m = 2 y = 6,5 y = 7,5 m = 1,7
NOTE The smaller the m value, the higher the sensitivity of the detectors.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

4.4 Individual alarm indication
Each detector shall be provided with an integral red visual indicator, by which the individual detector
releasing an alarm can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. Where other conditions of the
detector can be visually indicated, they shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm condition, except
when the detector is switched into a service mode. For detachable detectors, the indicator can be integral
with the base or the detector head.
NOTE The alarm condition is reset manually at the FDCIE.
The visual indicator shall be visible from a distance of 6 m in ambient light intensity up to 500 lx at an
angle of up to
a) 5° from the axis of the detector in any direction, and
b) 45° from the axis of the detector in at least one direction.
4.5 Indication of other conditions
Where the detector visually indicates other status conditions, they shall be clearly distinguishable from
the alarm indication.
4.6 Connection of ancillary devices
Where the detector provides for connections to ancillary devices (e.g. remote indicators, control relays),
open- or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector.
4.7 Monitoring of detachable detectors
For detachable detectors, a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system to detect the
removal of the head from the base, in order to give a fault signal (e.g. the FDCIE).
4.8 Manufacturer’s adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer’s settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a
special code or tool), or by breaking or removing a seal.
4.9 On-site adjustment of response behaviour
4.9.1 If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the response value of the detector, then
a) for all of the settings at which the manufacturer claims compliance, the detector shall comply with
the requirements of this part of ISO 7240, and access to the adjustment means shall be possible only
by the use of a code or special tool or by removing the detector from its base or mounting, and
b) any setting or settings at which the manufacturer does not claim compliance with this part of
ISO 7240 shall be accessible only by the use of a code or special tool, and it shall be clearly marked
on the detector or in the associated data that if these setting or settings are used, the detector does
not comply with this part of ISO 7240.
4.9.2 Adjustments can be carried out at the detector or at the FDCIE.
4.9.3 Where means are provided (remotely or internally) to switch off signals from a sensing element
or to change the sensitivity of the detector so that it no longer meets the requirements of this part of
ISO 7240, this change in status shall be made available to the FDCIE.
4.10 Response to slowly developing fires
4.10.1 The provision of “drift compensation” (e.g. to compensate for sensor drift due to the build-up of
dirt in the detector) shall not lead to a significant reduction in the sensitivity of the detector to slowly
developing fires (see Annex A).
4.10.2 Since it is not practical to make tests with very slow increases in smoke density, an assessment
of the response of the detector to slow increases in smoke density shall be made by analysis of the
circuit/software and/or physical tests and simulations.
4.10.3 The detector shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this subclause if this assessment shows
the following.
a) For any rate of increase in smoke density, R, which is greater than 25 % of the initial uncompensated
smoke response value of the detector, A , per hour, the time for the detector to give an alarm does
sr,u
not exceed 1,6 × (A /R) by more than 100 s.
sr,u
b) That the range of total compensation, C , is limited such that C < 0,6 A throughout this range, and
t t sr,u
that the fully compensated smoke response value of the detector, A , does not exceed its initial
sr,c
value by a factor greater than 1,6.
4.11 Protection against ingress of foreign bodies
4.11.1 The detector shall be so designed that a sphere of diameter larger than (1,3 ± 0,05) mm cannot
pass into the smoke measuring chamber.
NOTE This requirement is intended to restrict the access of insects into the smoke measuring chamber of
the detector. It is known that this requirement is not sufficient to prevent the access of all insects, however, it is
considered that extreme restrictions on the size of access holes can introduce the danger of clogging by dust, etc.
It might therefore be necessary to take other precautions against false alarms due to the entry of small insects.
4.11.2 For detectors that do not have physical protection against ingress of foreign bodies, the resistance
of the detector against the adverse effect of such ingress shall be proven by the manufacturer.
4.12 Software-controlled detectors
4.12.1 General requirements
The requirements of 4.12.2, 4.12.3, and 4.12.4 shall be met for detectors that rely on software control in
order to fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
4.12.2 Software documentation
4.12.2.1 The manufacturer shall prepare documentation which gives an overview of the software design.
This documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this
part of ISO 7240 and shall include at least the following:
a) Functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or structogram), including
1) a brief description of the modules and the functions that they perform,
2) the way in which the modules interact,
3) the overall hierarchy of the program,
4) the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the detector, and
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

5) the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing;
b) Description of those areas of memory used for the various purposes (e.g. the program, site-specific
data, and running data);
c) Designation by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
4.12.2.2 The manufacturer shall prepare detailed design documentation. This shall be available for
inspection in a manner that respects the manufacturer’s rights of confidentiality. It shall comprise at least
the following:
a) an overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
b) a description of each module of the program, containing at least
1) the name of the module,
2) a description of the tasks performed, and
3) a description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the
checking for valid data;
c) Full source code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (e.g. ASCII-code), including all
global and local variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the program flow
to be recognized;
d) Details of any software tools used in the design and implementation phase (CASE-Tools, compilers,
etc.).
NOTE This detailed documentation can be reviewed at the manufacturers’ premises.
4.12.3 Software design
In order to ensure the reliability of the detector, the following requirements for software design apply.
a) The software shall have a modular structure.
b) The design of the interfaces for manually and automatically generated data shall not permit invalid
data to cause error in the program operation.
c) The software shall be designed to avoid the occurrence of deadlock of the program flow.
4.12.4 Storage of programs and data
4.12.4.1 The program necessary to comply with this part of ISO 7240 and any present data, such as
manufacturer’s settings, shall be held in non-volatile memory. Writing to areas of memory containing this
program and data shall be possible only by the use of some special tool or code, and shall not be possible
during normal operation of the detector.
4.12.4.2 Site-specific data shall be held in memory which will retain data for at least two weeks without
external power to the detector, unless provision is made for the automatic renewal of such data following
loss of power, within 1 h of power being restored.
5 Tests
5.1 General
5.1.1 Atmospheric conditions for tests
5.1.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in a test procedure, conduct the testing after the test specimen has
been allowed to stabilize in the standard atmospheric conditions for testing as specified in IEC 60068-1
as follows:
— temperature: 15 °C to 35 °C;
— relative humidity: 25 % to 75 %;
— air pressure: 86 kPa to 106 kPa.
5.1.1.2 The temperature and humidity shall be substantially constant for each environmental test
where the standard atmospheric conditions are applied.
5.1.2 Mounting arrangements
Mount the specimen by its normal means of attachment in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions. If these instructions describe more than one method of mounting, then the method
considered to be most unfavourable for each test shall be chosen.
5.1.3 Operating conditions for tests
5.1.3.1 If a test method requires a specimen to be operational, then connect the specimen to suitable
supply and monitoring equipment having the characteristics required by the manufacturer’s data. Unless
otherwise specified in the test method, set the supply parameters applied to the specimen within the
manufacturer’s specified range(s) and maintain them substantially constant throughout the tests. The
value chosen for each parameter shall normally be the nominal value, or the mean of the specified range.
If a test procedure requires a specimen to be monitored to detect any alarm or fault signals, then connect
the specimen to any necessary ancillary devices (e.g. through wiring to an end-of-line device for non-
addressable detectors) to allow a fault signal to be recognized.
5.1.3.2 The details of the supply and monitoring equipment and the alarm criteria used shall be given
in the test report (Clause 6).
5.1.4 Tolerances
5.1.4.1 Unless otherwise stated, the tolerances for the environmental test parameters shall be as given
in the basic reference standards for the test (e.g. the relevant part of IEC 60068).
5.1.4.2 If a specific tolerance or deviation limit is not specified in a requirement or test procedure, then
a tolerance of ±5 % shall be applied.
5.1.5 Measurement of the smoke-response value
5.1.5.1 Install the specimen for which the smoke-response value, A , is to be measured in a smoke
sr
tunnel, described in Annex B, in its normal operating position, by its normal means of attachment. The
orientation of the specimen, relative to the direction of air flow, shall be the least sensitive orientation as
determined in the directional dependence of smoke response test (5.3), unless otherwise specified in the
test procedure.
6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

5.1.5.2 Before commencing each measurement, purge the smoke tunnel with clean air to ensure that
the tunnel and the specimen are free from the test aerosol.
5.1.5.3 The air velocity in the proximity of the specimen shall be (0,2 ± 0,04) m/s unless otherwise
specified in the test procedure.
5.1.5.4 Unless otherwise specified in the test procedure, the air temperature in the tunnel shall be
(23 ± 5) °C and shall not vary by more than 5 K and not faster than 0,2 K/min for all the measurements on
a specimen.
5.1.5.5 Connect the specimen to its supply and monitoring equipment as described in 5.1.3, and allow
it to stabilize for at least 15 min, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
5.1.5.6 Introduce the test aerosol as specified in B.3 into the tunnel at such a rate that the increase of
aerosol density is as follows:
— for detectors using scattered or transmitted light, in decibels per metre per min:
m
0,,015≤≤01
t
where
m is the aerosol density in dB/m;
t is the time in min.
— for detectors using ionization, per minute:
y
00,,50≤≤ 3
t
where
y is a dimensionless variable;
t is the time in min.
NOTE These ranges are intended to allow the selection of a convenient rate, depending upon the sensitivity
of the detector, to get a response in a reasonable time.
5.1.5.7 The initially selected rate of increase in aerosol density shall be similar for all measurements on
a particular detector type.
5.1.5.8 Record the aerosol density (m or y) at the moment the specimen gives an alarm. This shall be
taken as the smoke-response value.
5.1.6 Measurement of the heat-response value
5.1.6.1 Install the specimen for which the heat-response value is to be measured in a heat tunnel, as
specified in Annex C, in its normal operating position, by its normal means of attachment. The orientation
of the specimen, relative to the direction of air flow, shall be the least sensitive one as determined in the
directional dependence of heat response test (5.4), unless otherwise specified in the test procedure.
5.1.6.2 Connect the specimen to its supply and monitoring equipment as specified in 5.1.3, and allow it
to stabilize for at least 15 min, unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.
5.1.6.3 Before the test, stabilize the temperature of the air stream and the specimen at (25 ± 2) °C. The
air flow shall be maintained at a constant mass flow equivalent to a velocity of (0,8 ± 0,1) m/s at 25 °C.
5.1.6.4 Raise the air temperature until the heat sensor produces a signal (this might be a fire signal), as
specified by the manufacturer. The rate of rise of the air temperature and the associated tolerances shall
correspond to one of the values, except for 0,2 K/min, 1 K/min and 30 K/min, as specified in ISO 7240-5.
The choice of the rate within the range of 3 K/min to 20 K/min shall be specified by the manufacturer.
5.1.6.5 For this purposes of this test, the manufacturer can supply specimens with special outputs or
specially modified software to indicate when the air temperature has caused an internal threshold to be
reached. However, it is essential that the output signal be routed through the amplification path of the
detector.
5.1.6.6 Record the temperature at which this signal is produced, T (s). This shall be taken as the heat-
response value.
5.1.7 Provision for tests
5.1.7.1 Provide the following for testing in compliance with this part of ISO 7240:
— for detachable detectors: 23 detector heads and bases;
— for non-detachable detectors: 23 specimens;
— the data specified in Clause 7 and Clause 8.
5.1.7.2 The specimens submitted shall be deemed representative of the manufacturer’s normal
production with regard to their construction and calibration. This implies that the mean smoke-response
value of the specimens as measured in the reproducibility of smoke response test (5.5) should also
represent the production mean, and that the deviation limits specified for the reproducibility test should
also be applicable to the manufacturer’s production.
5.1.8 Test schedule
Test the specimens as specified in Table 2. After the reproducibility of smoke response test (5.5), number
the four specimens with the least sensitive smoke response (i.e. those with the highest smoke response
value) 18 to 23. Number the others 1 to 17 arbitrarily.
Table 2 — Test schedule
Test Subclause Specimen no(s). to be tested
Repeatability of smoke response 5.2 one chosen arbitrarily
Directional dependence of smoke response 5.3 one chosen arbitrarily
Directional dependence of heat response 5.4 one chosen arbitrarily
Reproducibility of smoke response 5.5 all specimens
a
This test applies only to detectors using a scattered or transmitted light principle of operation.
b
In the interests of test economy, it is permitted to use the same specimen for more than one EMC test. In that case,
intermediate functional test(s) on the specimen(s) used for more than one test can be deleted, and the full functional test
conducted at the end of the sequence of tests. However, it should be noted that in the event of a failure, it cannot be possible
to identify which test exposure caused the failure.
c
This test defines measurement and assessment changes that apply to other tests if the detector has more than one
smoke sensor
8 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

Table 2 (continued)
Test Subclause Specimen no(s). to be tested
Reproducibility of heat response 5.6 all specimens
Lower limit of heat response 5.7 1
Air movement 5.8 2
a
Dazzling 5.9 3
Variation of supply parameters 5.10 3
Dry heat (operational) 5.11 4
Cold (operational) 5.12 5
Damp heat, cyclic (operational) 5.13 6
Damp heat, steady state (endurance) 5.14 7
Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance) 5.15 8
Shock (operational) 5.16 9
Impact (operational) 5.17 10
Vibration, sinusoidal (operational) 5.18 11
Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) 5.19 11
b
Electrostatic discharge (operational) 5.20 12
b
Radiated electromagnetic fields (operational) 5.20 13
Conducted disturbances induced by electromagnetic fields
b
5.20 14
(operational)
b
Fast transient bursts (operational) 5.20 15
b
Slow high energy voltage surge (operational) 5.20 16
c
Detectors with more than one smoke sensor – Optional test 5.21 17
Fire sensitivity 5.22 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
a
This test applies only to detectors using a scattered or transmitted light principle of operation.
b
In the interests of test economy, it is permitted to use the same specimen for more than one EMC test. In that case,
intermediate functional test(s) on the specimen(s) used for more than one test can be deleted, and the full functional test
conducted at the end of the sequence of tests. However, it should be noted that in the event of a failure, it cannot be possible
to identify which test exposure caused the failure.
c
This test defines measurement and assessment changes that apply to other tests if the detector has more than one
smoke sensor
5.1.9 Test report
The test results shall be reported in accordance with Clause 6.
5.2 Repeatability of smoke response
5.2.1 Object of test
To show that the detector has stable behaviour with respect to its sensitivity even after a number of
alarm conditions.
5.2.2 Test procedure
5.2.2.1 Mount the specimen in accordance with 5.1.2 and connect it to supply and monitoring equipment
in accordance with 5.1.3.
5.2.2.2 Measure the smoke-response value of the specimen six times as specified in 5.1.5. The
orientation of the specimen relative to the direction of air flow is arbitrary, but it shall be the same for all
six measurements.
5.2.2.3 Designate the maximum of the measured smoke-response values as y or m and the
max max
minimum value as y or m .
min min
5.2.3 Requirements
5.2.3.1 The ratio of the smoke-response values y : y or m : m shall be not greater than 1,6.
max min max min
5.2.3.2 The lower smoke-response value y shall be not less than 0,2.
min
5.2.3.3 The lower smoke-response value, m , shall be not less than
min
— 0,05 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,05 < m < 0,3, or
— 0,2 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,2 < m < 0,6.
5.2.3.4 The higher smoke-response value, m shall be not greater than
max,
— 0,3 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,05 < m < 0,3, or
— 0,6 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,2 < m < 0,6.
5.3 Directional dependence of smoke response
5.3.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the detector is not unduly dependent on the direction of air flow around
the detector.
5.3.2 Test procedure
5.3.2.1 Mount the specimen in accordance with 5.1.2 and connect it to supply and monitoring equipment
in accordance with 5.1.3.
5.3.2.2 Measure the smoke-response value of the specimen eight times as specified in 5.1.5, the
specimen being rotated 45° about its vertical axis between each measurement, so that the measurements
are taken at eight different orientations relative to the direction of air flow.
5.3.2.3 Designate the maximum of the measured smoke-response values as y or m and the
max max
minimum value as y or m .
min min
5.3.2.4 Record the orientations for which the maximum and minimum smoke-response values were
measured.
5.3.3 Requirements
5.3.3.1 The ratio of the smoke-response values y : y or m : m shall be not greater than 1,6.
max min max min
5.3.3.2 The lower smoke-response value y shall be not less than 0,2.
min
5.3.3.3 The lower smoke-response value, m , shall be not less than
min
10 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

— 0,05 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,05 < m < 0,3, or
— 0,2 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,2 < m < 0,6.
5.3.3.4 The higher smoke-response value, m shall be not greater than
max,
— 0,3 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,05 < m < 0,3, or
— 0,6 dB/m for detectors with a declared smoke-response value band of 0,2 < m < 0,6.
5.4 Directional dependence of heat response
5.4.1 Object of test
To show that the sensitivity of the detector is not unduly dependent on the direction of air flow around
the detector.
5.4.2 Test procedure
5.4.2.1 Mount the specimen in accordance with 5.1.2 and connect it to supply and monitoring equipment
in accordance with 5.1.3.
5.4.2.2 Stabilize the specimen at 25 °C before each measurement.
5.4.2.3 Measure the heat-response value of the specimen eight times as
...