ISO 7240-15:2014
(Main)Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 15: Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors
Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 15: Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors
ISO 7240-15:2014 specifies requirements, test methods, and performance criteria for point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors, incorporating in one mechanical enclosure at least one smoke sensor and at least one other sensor which responds to heat, and in which the signal(s) of the smoke sensor(s) is (are) combined with the signal(s) of the heat sensor(s). The performance of a single sensor within the detector covered by ISO 7240-15:2014 cannot be sufficient for conformity to other parts of ISO 7240 for the single sensor detector. Certain types of detectors can contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation protection differ from country to country and they are not therefore specified in this standard. However, such detectors are expected to conform to the national requirements and be in line with the recommendations of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). For the testing of other types of detectors, or detectors working on different principles, ISO 7240-15:2014 can be used only for guidance. Detectors with special characteristics, developed for specific risks, are not covered in ISO 7240-15:2014.
Systèmes de détection et d'alarme d'incendie — Partie 15: Détecteurs linéaires de fumée utilisant une transmission par faisceaux lumineux
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7240-15
Second edition
2014-07-01
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 15:
Point-type fire detectors using smoke
and heat sensors
Systèmes de détection et d’alarme d’incendie —
Partie 15: Détecteurs linéaires de fumée utilisant une transmission
par faisceaux lumineux
Reference number
ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Requirements . 2
4.1 Compliance . 2
4.2 Design considerations. 2
4.3 Smoke-response value of detectors using scattered or transmitted light . 2
4.4 Individual alarm indication . 3
4.5 Indication of other conditions . 3
4.6 Connection of ancillary devices . 3
4.7 Monitoring of detachable detectors . 3
4.8 Manufacturer’s adjustments . 3
4.9 On-site adjustment of response behaviour . 3
4.10 Response to slowly developing fires . 4
4.11 Protection against ingress of foreign bodies . 4
4.12 Software-controlled detectors . 4
5 Tests . 6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Repeatability of smoke response . 9
5.3 Directional dependence of smoke response .10
5.4 Directional dependence of heat response .11
5.5 Reproducibility of smoke response .11
5.6 Reproducibility of heat response .12
5.7 Lower limit of heat response .12
5.8 Air movement.13
5.9 Dazzling .14
5.10 Variation in supply parameters (voltage) .14
5.11 Dry heat (operational) .15
5.12 Cold (operational) .16
5.13 Damp heat, cyclic (operational) .17
5.14 Damp heat, steady-state (endurance) .18
5.15 Sulfur dioxide (SO ) corrosion (endurance) .19
2
5.16 Shock (operational) .20
5.17 Impact (operational) .21
5.18 Vibration, sinusoidal (operational) .22
5.19 Vibration, sinusoidal (endurance) .24
5.20 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).25
5.21 Detectors with more than one smoke sensor — Optional test . .25
5.22 Fire sensitivity .26
6 Test report .28
7 Marking .28
8 Data .29
Annex A (normative) Compensation for detector drift .30
Annex B (normative) Smoke tunnel for smoke-response value measurements .35
Annex C (normative) Heat tunnel for heat-response value measurements .40
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
Annex D (normative) Apparatus for the dazzling test .41
Annex E (normative) Apparatus for the impact test .42
Annex F (normative) Fire test room .44
Annex G (normative) Open cellulosic (wood) fire (TF1) .46
Annex H (normative) Smouldering (pyrolysis) wood fire (TF2) .48
Annex I (normative) Glowing smouldering cotton fire (TF3) .51
Annex J (normative) Flaming plastics (polyurethane) fire (TF4) .53
Annex K (normative) Flaming liquid (n-heptane) fire (TF5) .56
Annex L (normative) Low-temperature black-smoke liquid (decalin) fire (TF8) .58
Annex M (informative) Construction of the measuring ionization chamber .60
Annex N (informative) Construction of the heat tunnel .63
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 3, Fire detection and alarm systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 7240-15:2004), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 7240 consists of the following parts, under the general title Fire detection and alarm systems:
— Part 1: General and definitions
— Part 2: Control and indicating equipment
— Part 3: Audible alarm devices
— Part 4: Power supply equipment
— Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
— Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using electro-chemical cells
— Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or ionization
— Part 8: Carbon monoxide fire detectors using an electro-chemical cell in combination with a heat sensor
— Part 9: Test fires for fire detectors [Technical Specification]
— Part 10: Point-type flame detectors
— Part 11: Manual call points
— Part 12: Line type smoke detectors using a transmitted optical beam
— Part 13: Compatibility assessment of system components
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
— Part 14: Design, installation, commissioning and service of fire detection and fire alarm systems in and
around buildings
— Part 15: Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors
— Part 16: Sound system control and indicating equipment
— Part 17: Short-circuit isolators
— Part 18: Input/output devices
— Part 19: Design, installation, commissioning and service of sound systems for emergency purposes
— Part 20: Aspirating smoke detectors
— Part 21: Routing equipment
— Part 22: Smoke-detection equipment for ducts
— Part 23: Visual alarm devices
— Part 24: Sound-system loudspeakers
— Part 25: Components using radio transmission paths
— Part 27: Point-type fire detectors using a scattered-light, transmitted-light or ionization smoke sensor,
an electrochemical-cell carbon-monoxide sensor and a heat sensor
— Part 28: Fire protection control equipment
The following part is under preparation:
— Part 29: Video fire detectors
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO 7240 is prepared by ISO/TC 21/SC 3, the secretariat of which is held by SA, and is based
on ISO 7240-15:2004.
Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors are general purpose fire detectors for installation
in and around buildings. Multi-sensor detectors respond to a broad range of fires and can be designed to
achieve high stability against deceptive phenomena that can result in unwanted alarms.
A fire detection and alarm system is required to function satisfactorily not only in the event of fire,
but also during and after exposure to conditions it is likely to meet in practice, including corrosion,
vibration, direct impact, indirect shock and electromagnetic interference. Specific tests are intended to
assess the performance of detectors under such conditions.
This edition introduces a requirement that smoke sensors that operate on the principle of scattered
or transmitted light to be marked with one of two possible nominal response threshold bands. The
availability of two of response threshold bands provides installation designers with a detector selection
choice to further reduce the risk of unwanted alarms in installations where unfavourable environmental
conditions are present.
This edition introduces additional requirements for smoke detectors with more than one smoke sensor.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
Fire detection and alarm systems —
Part 15:
Point-type fire detectors using smoke and heat sensors
1 Scope
This part of ISO 7240 specifies requirements, test methods, and performance criteria for point-type fire
detectors using smoke and heat sensors, incorporating in one mechanical enclosure at least one smoke
sensor and at least one other sensor which responds to heat, and in which the signal(s) of the smoke
sensor(s) is (are) combined with the signal(s) of the heat sensor(s).
The performance of a single sensor within the detector covered by this part of ISO 7240 cannot be
sufficient for conformity to other parts of ISO 7240 for the single sensor detector.
Certain types of detectors can contain radioactive materials. The national requirements for radiation
protection differ from country to country and they are not therefore specified in this standard.
However, such detectors are expected to conform to the national requirements and be in line with the
recommendations of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation
1)
and Development (OECD) .
For the testing of other types of detectors, or detectors working on different principles, this part of
ISO 7240 can be used only for guidance. Detectors with special characteristics, developed for specific
risks, are not covered in this part of ISO 7240.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 209, Aluminium and aluminium alloys — Chemical composition
ISO 7240-1, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 1: General and definitions
ISO 7240-5:2012, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 5: Point-type heat detectors
ISO 7240-7, Fire detection and alarm systems — Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light,
transmitted light or ionization
IEC 60068-1, Environmental testing — Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing — Part 2-1: Tests. Tests A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing — Part 2-2: Tests. Tests B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-6, Environmental testing — Part 2-6: Tests. Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal)
IEC 60068-2-27, Environmental testing — Part 2-27: Tests. Test Ea and guidance: Shock
IEC 60068-2-30, Environmental testingPart 2-30: Tests. Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
1) OECD, Recommendations for ionization smoke detectors in implementation of radiation protection standards.
Nuclear Energy Agency, Organisation for economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
IEC 60068-2-42, Environmental testing — Part 2-42: Tests. Test Kc: Sulphur dioxide test for contacts and
connections
IEC 60068-2-78, Environmental testing — Part 2-78: Tests — Test Cab: Damp heat, steady state
EN 50130-4, Alarm systems — Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility — Product family standard: Immunity
requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm systems
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7240-1 apply.
3.2 Abbreviated terms
FDCIE fire detection control and indicating equipment
4 Requirements
4.1 Compliance
In order to comply with this part of ISO 7240, the detector shall meet the following requirements.
a) Clause 4, which shall be verified by visual inspection or engineering assessment, shall be tested in
accordance with Clause 5 and shall meet the requirements of the tests.
b) Clauses 7 and 8, which shall be verified by visual inspection.
4.2 Design considerations
Detectors shall be so designed that the signal(s) from the smoke sensor(s), combined with the signal(s)
from the heat sensor(s), release an alarm signal.
NOTE In some cases, an alarm signal can result from only one element, but the overall fire performance is
dependent on signals from more than one sensor being combined in some form of signal processing.
4.3 Smoke-response value of detectors using scattered or transmitted light
Detectors using scattered or transmitted light shall conform to one of the two response threshold value
bands specified in Table 1 and the corresponding end-of-test conditions for the test fires specified in
5.22.
Table 1 — Smoke-response value for detectors using scattered or transmitted light
Smoke-response Test fires end-of-test conditions
value in smoke tunnel
TF1 TF2 TF3 TF4 TF5 TF8
(aerosol)
dB/m dB/m dB/m dimensionless dimensionless dB/m
dB/m
1 0,05 < m < 0,3 m = 2 m = 2 m = 2 y = 6 y = 6 m = 1,7
2 0,2 < m < 0,6 m = 2 m = 2 m = 2 y = 6,5 y = 7,5 m = 1,7
NOTE The smaller the m value, the higher the sensitivity of the detectors.
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
4.4 Individual alarm indication
Each detector shall be provided with an integral red visual indicator, by which the individual detector
releasing an alarm can be identified, until the alarm condition is reset. Where other conditions of the
detector can be visually indicated, they shall be clearly distinguishable from the alarm condition, except
when the detector is switched into a service mode. For detachable detectors, the indicator can be integral
with the base or the detector head.
NOTE The alarm condition is reset manually at the FDCIE.
The visual indicator shall be visible from a distance of 6 m in ambient light intensity up to 500 lx at an
angle of up to
a) 5° from the axis of the detector in any direction, and
b) 45° from the axis of the detector in at least one direction.
4.5 Indication of other conditions
Where the detector visually indicates other status conditions, they shall be clearly distinguishable from
the alarm indication.
4.6 Connection of ancillary devices
Where the detector provides for connections to ancillary devices (e.g. remote indicators, control relays),
open- or short-circuit failures of these connections shall not prevent the correct operation of the detector.
4.7 Monitoring of detachable detectors
For detachable detectors, a means shall be provided for a remote monitoring system to detect the
removal of the head from the base, in order to give a fault signal (e.g. the FDCIE).
4.8 Manufacturer’s adjustments
It shall not be possible to change the manufacturer’s settings except by special means (e.g. the use of a
special code or tool), or by breaking or removing a seal.
4.9 On-site adjustment of response behaviour
4.9.1 If there is provision for on-site adjustment of the response value of the detector, then
a) for all of the settings at which the manufacturer claims compliance, the detector shall comply with
the requirements of this part of ISO 7240, and access to the adjustment means shall be possible only
by the use of a code or special tool or by removing the detector from its base or mounting, and
b) any setting or settings at which the manufacturer does not claim compliance with this part of
ISO 7240 shall be accessible only by the use of a code or special tool, and it shall be clearly marked
on the detector or in the associated data that if these setting or settings are used, the detector does
not comply with this part of ISO 7240.
4.9.2 Adjustments can be carried out at the detector or at the FDCIE.
4.9.3 Where means are provided (remotely or internally) to switch off signals from a sensing element
or to change the sensitivity of the detector so that it no longer meets the requirements of this part of
ISO 7240, this change in status shall be made available to the FDCIE.
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
4.10 Response to slowly developing fires
4.10.1 The provision of “drift compensation” (e.g. to compensate for sensor drift due to the build-up of
dirt in the detector) shall not lead to a significant reduction in the sensitivity of the detector to slowly
developing fires (see Annex A).
4.10.2 Since it is not practical to make tests with very slow increases in smoke density, an assessment
of the response of the detector to slow increases in smoke density shall be made by analysis of the
circuit/software and/or physical tests and simulations.
4.10.3 The detector shall be deemed to meet the requirements of this subclause if this assessment shows
the following.
a) For any rate of increase in smoke density, R, which is greater than 25 % of the initial uncompensated
smoke response value of the detector, A , per hour, the time for the detector to give an alarm does
sr,u
not exceed 1,6 × (A /R) by more than 100 s.
sr,u
b) That the range of total compensation, C , is limited such that C < 0,6 A throughout this range, and
t t sr,u
that the fully compensated smoke response value of the detector, A , does not exceed its initial
sr,c
value by a factor greater than 1,6.
4.11 Protection against ingress of foreign bodies
4.11.1 The detector shall be so designed that a sphere of diameter larger than (1,3 ± 0,05) mm cannot
pass into the smoke measuring chamber.
NOTE This requirement is intended to restrict the access of insects into the smoke measuring chamber of
the detector. It is known that this requirement is not sufficient to prevent the access of all insects, however, it is
considered that extreme restrictions on the size of access holes can introduce the danger of clogging by dust, etc.
It might therefore be necessary to take other precautions against false alarms due to the entry of small insects.
4.11.2 For detectors that do not have physical protection against ingress of foreign bodies, the resistance
of the detector against the adverse effect of such ingress shall be proven by the manufacturer.
4.12 Software-controlled detectors
4.12.1 General requirements
The requirements of 4.12.2, 4.12.3, and 4.12.4 shall be met for detectors that rely on software control in
order to fulfil the requirements of this part of ISO 7240.
4.12.2 Software documentation
4.12.2.1 The manufacturer shall prepare documentation which gives an overview of the software design.
This documentation shall be in sufficient detail for the design to be inspected for compliance with this
part of ISO 7240 and shall include at least the following:
a) Functional description of the main program flow (e.g. as a flow diagram or structogram), including
1) a brief description of the modules and the functions that they perform,
2) the way in which the modules interact,
3) the overall hierarchy of the program,
4) the way in which the software interacts with the hardware of the detector, and
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ISO 7240-15:2014(E)
5) the way in which the modules are called, including any interrupt processing;
b) Description of those areas of memory used for the various purposes (e.g. the program, site-specific
data, and running data);
c) Designation by which the software and its version can be uniquely identified.
4.12.2.2 The manufacturer shall prepare detailed design documentation. This shall be available for
inspection in a manner that respects the manufacturer’s rights of confidentiality. It shall comprise at least
the following:
a) an overview of the whole system configuration, including all software and hardware components;
b) a description of each module of the program, containing at least
1) the name of the module,
2) a description of the tasks performed, and
3) a description of the interfaces, including the type of data transfer, the valid data range and the
checking for valid data;
c) Full source code listings, as hard copy or in machine-readable form (e.g. ASCII-code), including all
global and local variables, constants and labels used, and sufficient comment for the pr
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