ISO/TS 13396:2021
(Main)Road vehicles — Sled test method to enable the evaluation of side impact protection of child restraint systems — Essential parameters
Road vehicles — Sled test method to enable the evaluation of side impact protection of child restraint systems — Essential parameters
This document comprises a set of essential input parameters that can be used to develop or evaluate side impact test procedures for child restraint systems. Although children are undoubtedly involved in side impact collisions of differing configurations and severities, these input parameters are, in general, associated with the impact test scenario in UN Regulation No. 95 (lateral collision protection of vehicles). This vehicle type-approval regulation comprises a full-scale crash test in which the stationary test vehicle is struck at right angles by a mobile deformable barrier travelling at 50 km/h. This test scenario is the basis for most of ISO’s previous work on side impact testing for child restraint systems. NOTE Countries and regions that do not recognise UN regulations can evaluate vehicles under different conditions and can apply input parameters that reflect the vehicle crash tests in their own regulatory jurisdictions.
Véhicules routiers — Méthode d'essai sur chariot pour permettre l'évaluation de la protection en choc latéral des dispositifs de retenue pour enfants — Paramètres essentiels
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 13396
First edition
2021-09
Road vehicles — Sled test method to
enable the evaluation of side impact
protection of child restraint systems
— Essential parameters
Véhicules routiers — Méthode d'essai sur chariot pour permettre
l'évaluation de la protection en choc latéral des dispositifs de retenue
pour enfants — Paramètres essentiels
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Accident statistics review . 1
5 Input parameters for side impact test procedure.10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Body regions to be protected .10
5.3 Occupant kinematics .10
5.4 Test characteristics .11
5.4.1 General.11
5.4.2 Intrusion velocity .11
5.4.3 Intrusion depth .17
5.4.4 Struck car acceleration range and struck car delta-v .18
5.4.5 Geometry requirements .21
5.4.6 Intrusion surface properties .21
5.5 Anchorages .21
5.6 Validation .22
5.7 Field of application .22
6 Summary .22
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22 Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36,
Safety and impact testing.
This document cancels and replaces ISO/PAS 13396:2009, which has been technically revised.
The main changes compared to ISO/PAS 13396 are as follows:
— accident statistics data have been further reviewed;
— input parameter data related to intrusion have been reviewed and supplemented with new data;
— based on the new and supplementary data presented, a judgement is made whether the ISO/PAS 13396
parameter recommendations are still valid.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
In 2008, the United Nations (UN) GRSP Informal Working Group on Child Restraint Systems (CRS) sent
a request to ISO asking ISO's CRS working group to support their work on defining a side impact test
procedure for CRS type approval based on state-of-the-art research and experience. It was specifically
requested to define the essential parameters of a simplified test method, to ensure that a CRS has a
sufficient capacity to contain the child and to absorb energy in the case of side impact exposure.
1)
In response, a Publicly Available Specification was developed, published as ISO/PAS 13396:2009 . This
comprised a series of essential parameters that a side impact test procedure should seek to replicate.
Much of the technical content was derived from a previous Technical Report, ISO/TR 14646:2007, with
updated information where available.
In conjunction with a systematic review of ISO/PAS 13396:2009, it was decided to verify its applicability
in relation to more recent accident data and the vehicle technology development.
This document reflects the review of ISO/PAS 13396:2009 considering the relevant accident data
updates available and the in-depth vehicle data.
Since this document is a check of the applicability of the ISO/PAS 13396 data (on which the CRS side
impact method in UN Regulation No. 129 is based), the ISO/PAS 13396 parameter recommendations are
included together with the supplementary information, to judge whether an update of the parameter
recommendations should be made.
1) Cancelled and replaced by this document (ISO/TS 13396:2021).
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 13396:2021(E)
Road vehicles — Sled test method to enable the evaluation
of side impact protection of child restraint systems —
Essential parameters
1 Scope
This document comprises a set of essential input parameters that can be used to develop or evaluate
side impact test procedures for child restraint systems.
Although children are undoubtedly involved in side impact collisions of differing configurations
and severities, these input parameters are, in general, associated with the impact test scenario in
UN Regulation No. 95 (lateral collision protection of vehicles). This vehicle type-approval regulation
comprises a full-scale crash test in which the stationary test vehicle is struck at right angles by a mobile
deformable barrier travelling at 50 km/h. This test scenario is the basis for most of ISO’s previous work
on side impact testing for child restraint systems.
NOTE Countries and regions that do not recognise UN regulations can evaluate vehicles under different
conditions and can apply input parameters that reflect the vehicle crash tests in their own regulatory
jurisdictions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Accident statistics review
ISO has been studying injuries to children in side impact collisions since the mid 1990's. Early in that
[3]
period, the risk of serious injury in a side impact was greater compared with other impact directions .
[4]
Furthermore, the risk was greater on the struck side of the car . The European Enhanced Vehicle
safety Committee (EEVC) recommended that increasing protection of the head should be the priority,
following a wide-ranging review of European collision databases (EEVC, 2006). EEVC also reported
that intrusion was an important parameter and influence on the injury severity level. These findings,
along with other studies from the time, informed ISO’s work on a side impact test procedure for child
restraints.
Since that time, the vehicle fleet has undergone significant changes, primarily in response to new
regulatory and consumer test procedures. The side stiffness of cars has increased and although they
are now also being struck by cars with increased frontal stiffness, it is possible that the boundary
conditions for child restraint systems and injury outcomes for children in side impact collisions have
changed.
Unfortunately, the literature on child restraint system performance in side impact is sparse and is
limited to countries with on-going, in-depth collision studies. In the United Kingdom, data from the
Cooperative Crash Injury Study (CCIS) (1998-2010) and the Road Accident In-depth Study (RAIDS)
(2012-2017) show a high proportion of children in child restraints with no or minor (MAIS1) injury in
side impact; 79 %and 98 %respectively (see Figure 1). The newer, RAIDS data, appear to have fewer
injuries, but both samples are relatively small. Therefore, any differences are unlikely to be statistically
significant and neither sample may be nationally representative of the study period.
a) RAIDS data (2012-2017)
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
b) CCIS data (1998-2010)
Key
X restraint type no injury
Y proportion of child occupants MAIS1
1 adult seat belt MAIS2
2 CRS MAIS3+ (survived)
3 restrained, not specified fatal
4 unrestrained
Figure 1 — Distribution of injury severity by restraint type (Reference [6])
The German In-depth Accident Study (GIDAS) also shows a high proportion of children in child restraints
receiving no or minor injury in side impact (see Figure 2). In this instance, the sample size is larger than
the UK RAIDS and CCIS samples but covers a single period of 20 years (1999-2019). Although, it was
possible for the authors to break down the data by child restraint type and proximity to the striking
vehicle, this also resulted in relatively small numbers. Struck side impacts had the lowest proportion
of children with no injury for each child restraint type; however, the majority of injuries were minor
(MAIS1).
a) Struck side
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
-------------------
...
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 13396
First edition
2021-09
Road vehicles — Sled test method to
enable the evaluation of side impact
protection of child restraint systems
— Essential parameters
Véhicules routiers — Méthode d'essai sur chariot pour permettre
l'évaluation de la protection en choc latéral des dispositifs de retenue
pour enfants — Paramètres essentiels
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Accident statistics review . 1
5 Input parameters for side impact test procedure.10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Body regions to be protected .10
5.3 Occupant kinematics .10
5.4 Test characteristics .11
5.4.1 General.11
5.4.2 Intrusion velocity .11
5.4.3 Intrusion depth .17
5.4.4 Struck car acceleration range and struck car delta-v .18
5.4.5 Geometry requirements .21
5.4.6 Intrusion surface properties .21
5.5 Anchorages .21
5.6 Validation .22
5.7 Field of application .22
6 Summary .22
Bibliography .24
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22 Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36,
Safety and impact testing.
This document cancels and replaces ISO/PAS 13396:2009, which has been technically revised.
The main changes compared to ISO/PAS 13396 are as follows:
— accident statistics data have been further reviewed;
— input parameter data related to intrusion have been reviewed and supplemented with new data;
— based on the new and supplementary data presented, a judgement is made whether the ISO/PAS 13396
parameter recommendations are still valid.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Introduction
In 2008, the United Nations (UN) GRSP Informal Working Group on Child Restraint Systems (CRS) sent
a request to ISO asking ISO's CRS working group to support their work on defining a side impact test
procedure for CRS type approval based on state-of-the-art research and experience. It was specifically
requested to define the essential parameters of a simplified test method, to ensure that a CRS has a
sufficient capacity to contain the child and to absorb energy in the case of side impact exposure.
1)
In response, a Publicly Available Specification was developed, published as ISO/PAS 13396:2009 . This
comprised a series of essential parameters that a side impact test procedure should seek to replicate.
Much of the technical content was derived from a previous Technical Report, ISO/TR 14646:2007, with
updated information where available.
In conjunction with a systematic review of ISO/PAS 13396:2009, it was decided to verify its applicability
in relation to more recent accident data and the vehicle technology development.
This document reflects the review of ISO/PAS 13396:2009 considering the relevant accident data
updates available and the in-depth vehicle data.
Since this document is a check of the applicability of the ISO/PAS 13396 data (on which the CRS side
impact method in UN Regulation No. 129 is based), the ISO/PAS 13396 parameter recommendations are
included together with the supplementary information, to judge whether an update of the parameter
recommendations should be made.
1) Cancelled and replaced by this document (ISO/TS 13396:2021).
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 13396:2021(E)
Road vehicles — Sled test method to enable the evaluation
of side impact protection of child restraint systems —
Essential parameters
1 Scope
This document comprises a set of essential input parameters that can be used to develop or evaluate
side impact test procedures for child restraint systems.
Although children are undoubtedly involved in side impact collisions of differing configurations
and severities, these input parameters are, in general, associated with the impact test scenario in
UN Regulation No. 95 (lateral collision protection of vehicles). This vehicle type-approval regulation
comprises a full-scale crash test in which the stationary test vehicle is struck at right angles by a mobile
deformable barrier travelling at 50 km/h. This test scenario is the basis for most of ISO’s previous work
on side impact testing for child restraint systems.
NOTE Countries and regions that do not recognise UN regulations can evaluate vehicles under different
conditions and can apply input parameters that reflect the vehicle crash tests in their own regulatory
jurisdictions.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Accident statistics review
ISO has been studying injuries to children in side impact collisions since the mid 1990's. Early in that
[3]
period, the risk of serious injury in a side impact was greater compared with other impact directions .
[4]
Furthermore, the risk was greater on the struck side of the car . The European Enhanced Vehicle
safety Committee (EEVC) recommended that increasing protection of the head should be the priority,
following a wide-ranging review of European collision databases (EEVC, 2006). EEVC also reported
that intrusion was an important parameter and influence on the injury severity level. These findings,
along with other studies from the time, informed ISO’s work on a side impact test procedure for child
restraints.
Since that time, the vehicle fleet has undergone significant changes, primarily in response to new
regulatory and consumer test procedures. The side stiffness of cars has increased and although they
are now also being struck by cars with increased frontal stiffness, it is possible that the boundary
conditions for child restraint systems and injury outcomes for children in side impact collisions have
changed.
Unfortunately, the literature on child restraint system performance in side impact is sparse and is
limited to countries with on-going, in-depth collision studies. In the United Kingdom, data from the
Cooperative Crash Injury Study (CCIS) (1998-2010) and the Road Accident In-depth Study (RAIDS)
(2012-2017) show a high proportion of children in child restraints with no or minor (MAIS1) injury in
side impact; 79 %and 98 %respectively (see Figure 1). The newer, RAIDS data, appear to have fewer
injuries, but both samples are relatively small. Therefore, any differences are unlikely to be statistically
significant and neither sample may be nationally representative of the study period.
a) RAIDS data (2012-2017)
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
b) CCIS data (1998-2010)
Key
X restraint type no injury
Y proportion of child occupants MAIS1
1 adult seat belt MAIS2
2 CRS MAIS3+ (survived)
3 restrained, not specified fatal
4 unrestrained
Figure 1 — Distribution of injury severity by restraint type (Reference [6])
The German In-depth Accident Study (GIDAS) also shows a high proportion of children in child restraints
receiving no or minor injury in side impact (see Figure 2). In this instance, the sample size is larger than
the UK RAIDS and CCIS samples but covers a single period of 20 years (1999-2019). Although, it was
possible for the authors to break down the data by child restraint type and proximity to the striking
vehicle, this also resulted in relatively small numbers. Struck side impacts had the lowest proportion
of children with no injury for each child restraint type; however, the majority of injuries were minor
(MAIS1).
a) Struck side
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
-------------------
...
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