ISO 22097:2023
(Main)Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation products — Determination of thermal performance
Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation products — Determination of thermal performance
This document describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and calculation methods to determine the thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This document supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods. This document applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the emissivity of the facing. It does not, and cannot, give an in-use or design value of thermal performance, but provides standardized information from which these can be determined.
Isolation thermique des bâtiments — Produits isolants réfléchissants — Détermination de la performance thermique
Le présent document décrit un ensemble de modes opératoires pour l’utilisation de méthodes existantes d’essai et de calcul normalisées par le CEN et l’ISO pour déterminer la performance thermique des produits isolants réfléchissants. Le présent document vient à l’appui des méthodes d’essai CEN et ISO existantes, mais il n’est pas destiné à les remplacer. Le présent document s’applique à tout produit d’isolation thermique dont une partie des propriétés thermiques déclarées est liée à la présence d’une ou plusieurs surfaces réfléchissantes ou à faible émissivité, ainsi qu’à toute lame d’air associée. Il ne remplace pas les modes opératoires existants pour la détermination de la performance thermique des produits déjà couverts par une norme de produit harmonisée existante lorsque la valeur déclarée de ces produits n’inclut pas spécifiquement des propriétés déclarées imputables à l’émissivité des parements. Il ne spécifie, et ne peut spécifier, aucune valeur d’utilisation ou de calcul de la performance thermique, mais il fournit des informations normalisées permettant de déterminer ces valeurs.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22097
First edition
2023-06
Thermal insulation for buildings —
Reflective insulation products
— Determination of thermal
performance
Isolation thermique des bâtiments — Produits isolants réfléchissants
— Détermination de la performance thermique
Reference number
ISO 22097:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
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Email: copyright@iso.org
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Published in Switzerland
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols and units . 2
4 Description of product types . 3
4.1 Product classification . 3
4.2 Product Type 1 . 3
4.3 Product Type 2 . 4
4.4 Product Type 3 . 4
4.5 Product Type 4 . 5
5 Methods of assessment . .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Thickness measurement . 6
5.3 Test specimens. 6
5.3.1 Size and number of specimens . 6
5.3.2 Conditioning and specimen preparation . 6
5.4 Determination of thermal resistance — Outline . 7
5.5 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 1 . 7
5.5.1 Test thicknesses . 7
5.5.2 Product thickness greater than 20 mm . 7
5.5.3 Product thickness less than or equal to 20 mm . 8
5.5.4 For all thicknesses and nominal thermal resistances . 8
5.6 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 2 . 8
5.6.1 General . 8
5.6.2 Product Type 2 with surface indentations less than 2 mm in depth . 8
5.6.3 Product Type 2 with surface indentations greater than or equal to 2 mm,
but less than 5 mm in depth . 8
5.6.4 Product Type 2 with surface indentations 5 mm in depth or greater . 8
5.6.5 For either all thicknesses or nominal thermal resistances, or both . 9
5.7 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 3 (Method C) . 9
5.7.1 Principle . 9
5.7.2 Determination of the need for specimen conditioning . 9
5.7.3 Air cavity and specimen installation . 9
5.7.4 Hot box test conditions .12
5.7.5 Allowance for heat transfer around the specimen (edge surround) .12
5.7.6 Calculating the core thermal resistance of the product . 14
5.8 Determination of the thermal performance of product Type 4 . 14
5.9 Emissivity . 15
5.9.1 General .15
5.9.2 Measurement of emissivity . 15
6 Uncertainty .16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Thickness measurements . 16
6.3 Use of thermocouples on thin samples in a guarded hot plate or in heat flow meter
measurement . 16
6.4 Use of dummy insulation specimens . 16
6.5 Derivation of the core resistance of a Type 3 product from hot box measurements . 16
7 Expression of results .17
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
7.1 Results derived from hot plate and emissivity measurements (products Type 1
and 2) . 17
7.2 Results derived from hot box and emissivity measurements (product Types 1, 2
and 3) . 17
7.3 Results derived from emissivity measurements only (product Type 4) . 18
8 Report .18
Annex A (normative) Decision making flow chart for identification of product types .19
Annex B (normative) Selection of test methodology for product type 1 when using a hot
plate method.20
Annex C (normative) Selection of the measurement technique for Product Type 2 .21
Annex D (normative) Measurement of emissivity using a thermal infra-red apparatus .22
Annex E (normative) “Dummy specimen” technique for the heat flow meter apparatus .28
Bibliography .30
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy
use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 3, Thermal insultation products, components and systems,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
Introduction
Reflective (low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength) surfaces are utilized in a number of ways to
enhance the thermal performance of insulating products. Their role is to reduce the heat transfer by
thermal radiation in some parts of the system. This is achieved because low emissivity surfaces reduce
the radiant heat transferred through a product that is wholly or partially transparent to infra-red
radiation (e.g. very low-density fibrous insulation). They also reduce the radiant heat transfer across
any air gap or gaps that are present in the system. In some cases, air gaps can be an intrinsic part of the
structure and in other cases the insulation can be installed in such a way as to deliberately create an air
gap between the reflective surfaces and the structure.
When correctly installed in buildings, the thermal performance of reflective insulation products can be
influenced quite significantly by such air gaps, hence the value of thermal performance reported from
any of the test procedures should also be accompanied by a statement indicating the presence of, and
sizes of, any adjacent air spaces. For maximum versatility and reduced confusion, the measured values
from any test should be given as the combination of the thermal resistance of the “core” of the product
together with the measured value of the emissivity of the surfaces. This does not preclude the provision
of values indicating the total thermal resistance of a product and one or two airspaces (where relevant)
as additional information, provided full details of the product and the air spaces are included. Some
reflective insulation products have poorly defined thickness due to the nature of the materials and the
manufacture. Care is thus needed to define either the nominal thickness or the test thickness, or both.
When installed in buildings, the final thickness depends upon the degree of handling and fixing, which
is not addressed in this document. The purpose of this document is to provide harmonized procedures
to give reproducible measured thermal performance values that can be readily compared with other
thermal insulation products.
Since all conventional thermal insulation products declare their thermal performance on the basis of
the value to be expected over a reasonable working life, this is also addressed in a limited manner in
this document in the assessment of emissivity of the surface(s) of reflective insulation. In the absence
of any quantified and certified data on the aged performance of a facing over a normal lifetime for a
building material, the ageing of the low emissivity surface is assessed by use of an accelerated ageing
procedure.
How the thermal properties of insulation materials that utilize reflective surfaces are determined
depends on the form in which they are sold and how they are intended to be used. This document
describes a number of different approaches which can be utilized and specifies which approach to
use for the different types of product. Where a product is already subject to a product specification
that describes procedures for the measurement of the aged 90/90 fractile thermal conductivity
or thermal resistance of the core insulation material, the following guidance should only be used to
determine the component of its thermal performance that depends on the emissivity of its external
faces. However, the measured value is only the first step, giving comparative performance values under
specified conditions, and the design value can give more information for use by the designer in specific
applications, especially under different climatic conditions.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22097:2023(E)
Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation
products — Determination of thermal performance
1 Scope
This document describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and
calculation methods to determine the thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This
document supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods.
This document applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed
thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together
with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of
the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard
where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the
emissivity of the facing. It does not, and cannot, give an in-use or design value of thermal performance,
but provides standardized information from which these can be determined.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM: 1995)
EN 1946-2, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 2: Measurements by guarded hot
plate method
EN 1946-3, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 3: Measurements by heat flow meter
method
EN 1946-4, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 4: Measurements by hot box methods
ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance —
Calculation methods
ISO 7345, Thermal performance of buildings and building components — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Guarded hot plate apparatus
ISO 8990, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties —
Calibrated and guarded hot box
ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary
ISO 9288, Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation — Vocabulary
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
ISO 10456:2007, Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values
and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values
EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Dry and moist products of medium and low
thermal resistance
EN 12667, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Products of high and medium thermal
resistance
ISO 29466:2022, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of thickness
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9288, ISO 9229 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
indentation
concave depression in the surface of the facing (foil), such that shallow air pockets are created when the
surface is in contact with a smooth flat plate
3.1.2
core thermal resistance
thermal resistance of the product from face to face at the tested thickness, excluding the contribution of
any low emissivity (3.1.3) outer surface or any air space(s) adjacent to the product
3.1.3
emissivity
ratio of the energy radiated by a surface relative to the energy radiated by a blackbody at the same
temperature
Note 1 to entry: It is a measure of a material's ability to radiate heat.
3.1.4
reflective surface
low emissivity surface
surface, which has a low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength within the temperature range found
in building elements
3.1.5
reflective insulation
insulation product, which has one or both external face(s) comprising a reflective (low emissivity)
surface
3.2 Symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units apply.
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
Symbol Quantity Unit
P perimeter m
2
R thermal resistance m K/W
U sensor signal V
ε emissivity —
λ thermal conductivity W/(m K)
ϕ heat flow rate W
ψ linear thermal transmittance W/(m K)
ΔΘ temperature difference K
Symbol Quantity
L low
H high
e edge
sur surround
90/90 90 % fractile with a confidence level of 90 %
4 Description of product types
4.1 Product classification
Clause 4 describes the various generic product types to which this document refers. Product type is
defined solely for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate test method (product type number does
not refer to a generic species of product). Together with 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the flow charts in Annexes A, B
and C shall be followed in assigning a given product to a product type.
In 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the product type is determined by reference to its compressibility or otherwise to
achieve flat parallel surfaces. This implies the removal of measurable air gaps between the specimen
and the hot and cold plates of the test apparatus whilst not unduly reducing the overall thickness of
the specimen to be tested. The thickness shall be determined using the procedures in 5.2 and shall, if
less than the nominal thickness, be the thickness subsequently used for the measurement of the core
thermal resistance and given in the test report. Otherwise, the nominal thickness shall be used.
4.2 Product Type 1
A product shall be classified as Type 1 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between, and in full contact with, the hot
and cold plates of the apparatus. Such Type 1 products can be so constrained without significantly
compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure
in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. This is usually achieved when its surfaces are predominantly
smooth and flat with no discernible depth of pattern or indentation.
EXAMPLE Including (but not limited to) multi-foil insulation product which is stitched or seamed only at
the edges and substantially flat with parallel faces (see also the limitation in Clause 1) and some other insulation
materials with aluminium foil facing on each side (see Figure 1).
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
Key
1 insulation core
2 low emissivity surface or surfaces
Figure 1 — Example of insulation material with reflective facing on each side
4.3 Product Type 2
A product shall be classified as Type 2 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between the test apparatus hot and cold
plates without significantly compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness
measured using the procedure in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. In addition, the surface or surfaces
may not be flat and smooth and can have indentations of less than 5 mm depth. The indentations
shall be measured using the pin and plate described in ISO 29466:2022, Clause B.1, or an alternative
method with at least the same level of accuracy. The pin shall be placed in the lowest point of any
indentation but shall not pierce the surface.
If the indentations are 5 mm or greater, it shall be classified as product Type 3.
EXAMPLE Including, but not limited to, some types of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces (see
Figure 2).
Key
1 air filled plastic bubbles
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 2 — Example of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces
4.4 Product Type 3
A product shall be classified as Type 3 when:
— it has irregular thickness geometry and does not have flat parallel faces; or
— it cannot be installed between the hot and cold plates of the apparatus using the lesser of the nominal
thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure in Clause 5 to produce flat and parallel
faces, free of air spaces.
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
A small degree of compression may be permitted to eliminate air gaps, but not exceeding 10 % of the
thickness, or 5 mm, whichever is the greater in mm.
NOTE 1 Its surfaces might or might not have indentations, the depth of which is not limited to any specific
value.
NOTE 2 It can include stitching or seams. A typical example would be the stitched multi-foil reflective
insulation products or sealed “pockets” or “pillows” made from reflective foil sheets, as shown in Figure 3.
Key
1 air filled plastic bubbles
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 3 — Example of stitched multi-foil insulation
4.5 Product Type 4
Product Type 4 is a thin film or sheet, less than 2 mm thickness, using single or in multiple layers, which
makes use of a low emissivity surface to increase the thermal resistance of adjacent or enclosed air
space(s), but which has no significant thermal resistance of its own (see Figure 4).
a) 2-layer foil system b) 3-layer foil system
Key
1, 2, 3 foil layers
Figure 4 — Example of multiple layers of product Type 4 under flooring
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ISO 22097:2023(E)
5 Methods of assessment
5.1 General
In addition to the general requirements for testing thermal performance in accordance with EN 12664,
EN 12667 and ISO 8990, the specific requirements for mounting of specimens given in 5.4 to 5.8 shall
also be followed. The measurement of thermal performance of reflective insulation products Type 1,
Type 2 and Type 3 shall require the measurement of the thickness of the specimens.
Thickness measurement shall be in accordance with 5.2.
The test conditions should be chosen to represent the intended market (temperate or tropical),
according to ISO 10456:2007, Table 1, and the relevant conditions for testing for determination of a
declared value shall be stipulated in the relevant product technical specification. Unless stipulated
elsewhere, thermal testing should use a mean temperature of either 10 °C or 23 °C. By default, this
document uses 10 °C as the reference condition.
5.2 Thickness measurement
With the exception of thin si
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 22097
Première édition
2023-06
Isolation thermique des bâtiments —
Produits isolants réfléchissants —
Détermination de la performance
thermique
Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation products —
Determination of thermal performance
Numéro de référence
ISO 22097:2023(F)
© ISO 2023
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
© ISO 2023
Tous droits réservés. Sauf prescription différente ou nécessité dans le contexte de sa mise en œuvre, aucune partie de cette
publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
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être demandée à l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou au comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
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Publié en Suisse
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .v
Introduction . vi
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives .1
3 Termes, définitions et symboles . 2
3.1 Termes et définitions . 2
3.2 Symboles et unités . 3
4 Description des types de produits .3
4.1 Classification des produits . 3
4.2 Produit de type 1 . 4
4.3 Produit de type 2 . 4
4.4 Produit de type 3 . 5
4.5 Produit de type 4 . 5
5 Méthodes d’évaluation . 6
5.1 Généralités . 6
5.2 Mesure de l’épaisseur . 6
5.3 Éprouvettes . 7
5.3.1 Dimensions et nombre d’éprouvettes . 7
5.3.2 Conditionnement et préparation des éprouvettes . 7
5.4 Détermination de la résistance thermique – Vue d’ensemble . 7
5.5 Détermination de la résistance thermique interne d’un produit de type 1 . 8
5.5.1 Épaisseurs d’essai . 8
5.5.2 Épaisseur de produit supérieure à 20 mm . 8
5.5.3 Épaisseur de produit inférieure ou égale à 20 mm . 8
5.5.4 Pour toutes les épaisseurs et résistances thermiques nominales . 8
5.6 Détermination de la résistance thermique interne d’un produit de type 2 . 9
5.6.1 Généralités . 9
5.6.2 Produit de type 2 avec empreintes superficielles de profondeur inférieure
à 2 mm . 9
5.6.3 Produit de type 2 avec empreintes superficielles de profondeur supérieure
ou égale à 2 mm, mais inférieure à 5 mm . 9
5.6.4 Produit de type 2 avec empreintes superficielles de profondeur supérieure
ou égale à 5 mm . 9
5.6.5 Pour toutes les épaisseurs ou résistances thermiques nominales, ou les deux . 9
5.7 Détermination de la résistance thermique interne d’un produit de type 3
(méthode C) . 9
5.7.1 Principe. 9
5.7.2 Détermination de la nécessité d’un conditionnement des éprouvettes . 9
5.7.3 Cavité d’air et installation des éprouvettes . 10
5.7.4 Conditions d’essai à la boîte chaude . 13
5.7.5 Prise en compte du transfert de chaleur autour de l’éprouvette (effet de
bord) . 13
5.7.6 Calcul de la résistance thermique interne du produit .15
5.8 Détermination de la performance thermique d’un produit de type 4 .15
5.9 Émissivité . 16
5.9.1 Généralités . 16
5.9.2 Mesure de l’émissivité . 16
6 Incertitude .17
6.1 Généralités . 17
6.2 Mesures d’épaisseur. 17
6.3 Utilisation de thermocouples sur des échantillons minces lors d’une mesure par
la méthode de la plaque chaude gardée ou par la méthode fluxmétrique . 17
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
6.4 Utilisation d’éprouvettes d’isolation factices . 17
6.5 Détermination de la résistance thermique interne d’un produit de type 3 à partir
de mesures à la boîte chaude . 17
7 Expression des résultats .18
7.1 Résultats découlant des mesures à la plaque chaude et des mesures d’émissivité
(produits de types 1 et 2) . 18
7.2 Résultats découlant des mesures à la boîte chaude et des mesures d’émissivité
(produits de types 1, 2 et 3) . 18
7.3 Résultats découlant des mesures d’émissivité uniquement (produit de type 4) . 19
8 Rapport .19
Annexe A (normative) Organigramme décisionnel concernant l’identification des types
de produits .20
Annexe B (normative) Choix de la méthodologie d’essai pour un produit de type 1 lorsque
la méthode à la plaque chaude est utilisée.21
Annexe C (normative) Choix de la technique de mesure pour un produit de type 2 .22
Annexe D (normative) Mesure de l’émissivité à l’aide d’un appareil à rayonnement
infrarouge thermique . .23
Annexe E (normative) Technique des «éprouvettes factices» pour l’appareil fluxmétrique .29
Bibliographie .31
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document
a été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2
(voir www.iso.org/directives).
L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www.iso.org/brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion
de l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles
techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www.iso.org/iso/fr/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 163, Performance thermique et
utilisation de l’énergie en environnement bâti, sous-comité SC 3, Produits, composants et systèmes
d’isolation thermique en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 89, Performance thermique des
bâtiments et des composants du bâtiment, du Comité européen de normalisation (CEN), conformément à
l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord de Vienne).
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes
se trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
Introduction
Les surfaces réfléchissantes (à faible émissivité à la longueur d’onde appropriée) sont utilisées de
plusieurs manières différentes pour améliorer la performance thermique des produits d’isolation.
Leur rôle est de réduire le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement thermique dans certaines parties
du système. Cet objectif est atteint parce que les surfaces à faible émissivité réduisent le transfert
de chaleur par rayonnement au travers d’un produit totalement ou partiellement transparent au
rayonnement infrarouge (isolant fibreux de très faible densité, par exemple). Elles réduisent également
le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement dans tout espace d’air présent dans le système. Dans certains
cas, les espaces d’air peuvent faire partie intégrante de la structure et, dans d’autres cas, l’isolation peut
être installée de manière à créer délibérément un espace d’air entre les surfaces réfléchissantes et la
structure.
Lorsque de tels espaces d’air sont correctement mis en œuvre dans les bâtiments, ils peuvent influer
de manière assez significative sur la performance thermique des produits isolants réfléchissants et,
de ce fait, il convient également d’accompagner la valeur de performance thermique reportée à l’issue
de l’un des modes opératoires d’essai, d’une déclaration indiquant la présence de toute lame d’air
adjacente, ainsi que ses dimensions. Pour une flexibilité maximale et pour éviter toute confusion, il
est recommandé d’indiquer les valeurs mesurées lors d’un essai en combinant la résistance thermique
du «cœur» du produit et la valeur d’émissivité mesurée des surfaces. Cette recommandation n’exclut
pas l’affichage de valeurs indiquant la résistance thermique totale d’un produit et d’une ou deux lames
d’air (le cas échéant) à titre d’information supplémentaire, sous réserve que le produit et les lames d’air
soient entièrement détaillés. L’épaisseur de certains produits isolants réfléchissants est mal définie en
raison de la nature des matériaux et du procédé de fabrication de ces produits. Il est donc nécessaire de
définir l’épaisseur nominale, l’épaisseur d’essai, ou les deux, avec le plus grand soin. Après l’installation
dans les bâtiments, l’épaisseur finale dépend du degré de manipulation et de fixation, paramètre qui
n’est pas traité dans le présent document. L’objectif du présent document est de fournir des modes
opératoires harmonisés permettant d’obtenir des valeurs reproductibles de la performance thermique
mesurée, qui peuvent être facilement comparées à celles des autres produits d’isolation thermique.
Dans la mesure où la performance thermique de tous les produits d’isolation classiques est déclarée
sur la base de la valeur prévue pour une durée de vie en service raisonnable, ce point est traité de façon
limitée dans le présent document, dans le cadre de l’évaluation de l’émissivité de la ou des surfaces de
l’isolant réfléchissant. En l’absence de données quantifiées et certifiées sur la performance à long terme
d’un parement pendant la durée de vie normale d’un matériau de construction, le vieillissement de la
surface à faible émissivité est évalué par un mode opératoire de vieillissement accéléré.
La manière dont les propriétés thermiques des matériaux isolants utilisant des surfaces réfléchissantes
sont déterminées dépend de la forme sous laquelle ils sont commercialisés et de la façon dont ils sont
destinés à être utilisés. Le présent document décrit un certain nombre d’approches différentes pouvant
être utilisées et spécifie l’approche à utiliser pour les différents types de produits. Si un produit fait déjà
l’objet d’une spécification décrivant les modes opératoires pour la mesure de la conductivité thermique
ou de la résistance thermique à long terme du matériau constituant l’isolation interne du produit,
correspondant au fractile de 90 % avec un niveau de confiance de 90 %, il convient d’utiliser le présent
document d’orientation uniquement pour déterminer la composante de sa performance thermique qui
dépend de l’émissivité de ses faces externes. Toutefois, la valeur mesurée n’est que la première étape,
donnant des valeurs de performance comparatives dans des conditions spécifiées, et la valeur de calcul
peut fournir plus d’informations utiles au concepteur dans des conditions spécifiques, notamment dans
des conditions climatiques différentes.
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 22097:2023(F)
Isolation thermique des bâtiments — Produits isolants
réfléchissants — Détermination de la performance
thermique
1 Domaine d’application
Le présent document décrit un ensemble de modes opératoires pour l’utilisation de méthodes existantes
d’essai et de calcul normalisées par le CEN et l’ISO pour déterminer la performance thermique des
produits isolants réfléchissants. Le présent document vient à l’appui des méthodes d’essai CEN et ISO
existantes, mais il n’est pas destiné à les remplacer.
Le présent document s’applique à tout produit d’isolation thermique dont une partie des propriétés
thermiques déclarées est liée à la présence d’une ou plusieurs surfaces réfléchissantes ou à faible
émissivité, ainsi qu’à toute lame d’air associée. Il ne remplace pas les modes opératoires existants
pour la détermination de la performance thermique des produits déjà couverts par une norme de
produit harmonisée existante lorsque la valeur déclarée de ces produits n’inclut pas spécifiquement
des propriétés déclarées imputables à l’émissivité des parements. Il ne spécifie, et ne peut spécifier,
aucune valeur d’utilisation ou de calcul de la performance thermique, mais il fournit des informations
normalisées permettant de déterminer ces valeurs.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s’applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Incertitude de mesure — Partie 3: Guide pour l’expression de l’incertitude de mesure
(GUM: 1995).
EN 1946-2, Performance thermique des produits et composants pour le bâtiment — Critères particuliers
pour l’évaluation des laboratoires mesurant les propriétés de transmission thermique — Partie 2: Mesurages
selon la méthode de la plaque chaude gardée
EN 1946-3, Performance thermique des produits et composants pour le bâtiment — Critères particuliers
pour l’évaluation des laboratoires mesurant les propriétés de transmission thermique — Partie 3: Mesurages
selon la méthode fluxmétrique
EN 1946-4, Performance thermique des produits et composants pour le bâtiment — Critères particuliers
pour l’évaluation des laboratoires mesurant les propriétés de transmission thermique — Partie 4: Mesurages
selon les méthodes de la boîte chaude
ISO 6946, Composants et parois de bâtiments — Résistance thermique et coefficient de transmission
thermique — Méthodes de calcul
ISO 7345, Performance thermique des bâtiments et des matériaux pour le bâtiment — Grandeurs physiques
et définitions
ISO 8301, Isolation thermique — Détermination de la résistance thermique et des propriétés connexes en
régime stationnaire — Méthode fluxmétrique
ISO 8302, Isolation thermique — Détermination de la résistance thermique et des propriétés connexes en
régime stationnaire — Méthode de la plaque chaude gardée
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
ISO 8990, Isolation thermique — Détermination des propriétés de transmission thermique en régime
stationnaire — Méthodes à la boîte chaude gardée et calibrée
ISO 9229, Isolation thermique — Vocabulaire
ISO 9288, Isolation thermique — Transfert de chaleur par rayonnement — Vocabulaire
ISO 10456:2007, Matériaux et produits pour le bâtiment — Propriétés hygrothermiques — Valeurs utiles
tabulées et procédures pour la détermination des valeurs thermiques déclarées et utiles
EN 12664, Performance thermique des matériaux et produits pour le bâtiment — Détermination de la
résistance thermique par la méthode de la plaque chaude gardée et la méthode fluxmétrique — Produits
secs et humides de moyenne et basse résistance thermique
EN 12667, Performance thermique des matériaux et produits pour le bâtiment — Détermination de la
résistance thermique par la méthode de la plaque chaude gardée et la méthode fluxmétrique — Produits de
haute et moyenne résistance thermique
ISO 29466:2022, Produits isolants thermiques destinés aux applications du bâtiment — Détermination de
l'épaisseur
3 Termes, définitions et symboles
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et les définitions de l’ISO 7345, l’ISO 9288 et l’ISO 9229,
ainsi que les suivants, s’appliquent.
L’ISO et l’IEC tiennent à jour des bases de données terminologiques destinées à être utilisées en
normalisation, consultables aux adresses suivantes:
— ISO Online browsing platform: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .iso .org/ obp;
— IEC Electropedia: disponible à l’adresse https:// www .electropedia .org/ .
3.1 Termes et définitions
3.1.1
empreinte
cavité concave dans la surface du parement (feuille), entraînant l’apparition de poches d’air peu
profondes lorsque la surface est en contact avec une plaque plane et lisse
3.1.2
résistance thermique interne
résistance thermique d’une face à l’autre du produit à l’épaisseur soumise à essai, à l’exclusion de la
contribution de toute surface extérieure à faible émissivité (3.1.3) ou de toute lame d’air adjacente au
produit
3.1.3
émissivité
rapport de l’énergie rayonnée par une surface à l’énergie rayonnée par un corps noir à la même
température
Note 1 à l'article: Il s’agit d’une mesure de l’aptitude d’un matériau à rayonner la chaleur.
3.1.4
surface réfléchissante
surface à faible émissivité
surface ayant une faible émissivité à la longueur d’onde appropriée dans la plage des températures
rencontrées dans les éléments de construction
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
3.1.5
isolant réfléchissant
produit d’isolation dont l’une ou les deux faces externes comprennent une surface réfléchissante
(à faible émissivité)
3.2 Symboles et unités
Pour les besoins du présent document, les symboles et unités suivants s’appliquent:
Symbole Grandeur Unité
P périmètre m
2
R résistance thermique m K/W
U signal de capteur V
ε émissivité —
λ conductivité thermique W/(m K)
ϕ flux thermique W
ψ coefficient de transmission thermique linéique W/(m K)
ΔΘ différence de température K
Symbole Grandeur
L faible
H élevé
e bord
sur support périphérique
90/90 fractile de 90 % avec un niveau de confiance de 90 %
4 Description des types de produits
4.1 Classification des produits
L’Article 4 décrit les divers types de produits génériques auxquels le présent document fait référence.
Le type de produit est uniquement défini dans le but de choisir la méthode d’essai la plus appropriée
(le numéro de type de produit ne se rapporte pas à une espèce générique de produit). Conjointement à
4.2, 4.3 et 4.4, les organigrammes de l’Annexe A, de l’Annexe B et de l’Annexe C doivent être respectés
pour affecter un produit donné à un type de produit.
Le type de produit est déterminé en 4.2, 4.3 et 4.4 par référence à sa compressibilité ou autre aptitude à
produire des surfaces planes et parallèles. Cela implique l’élimination des espaces d’air mesurables entre
l’éprouvette et les plaques chaude et froide de l’appareillage d’essai, sans réduire indûment l’épaisseur
globale de l’éprouvette devant être soumise à essai. L’épaisseur doit être déterminée en utilisant les
modes opératoires du 5.2 et doit, si elle est inférieure à l’épaisseur nominale, correspondre à l’épaisseur
qui sera ensuite utilisée pour la mesure de la résistance thermique interne. Cette épaisseur doit être
mentionnée dans le rapport d’essai. Sinon, l’épaisseur nominale doit être utilisée.
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ISO 22097:2023(F)
4.2 Produit de type 1
Un produit doit être classé de type 1 lorsqu’il:
— présente une géométrie régulière avec des faces parallèles; ou
— est compressible de sorte que le produit puisse être inséré entre, et venir parfaitement en
contact avec, les plaques chaude et froide de l’appareillage. Ces produits de type 1 peuvent être
ainsi contraints sans comprimer le produit de manière significative en dessous de son épaisseur
nominale ou de l’épaisseur mesurée selon le mode opératoire de l’Article 5, la plus petite épaisseur
étant retenue. Cela est généralement obtenu lorsque ses surfaces sont sensiblement lisses et planes,
sans empreinte ou motif apparent en profondeur.
EXEMPLE Ce type de produit inclut (mais sans s’y limiter) les produits d’isolation à films multiples cousus
qui sont piqués ou cousus uniquement au niveau des bords et présentant des faces pratiquement planes et
parallèles (voir également la limitation spécifiée à l’Article 1), ainsi que plusieurs autres matériaux isolants avec
parement en feuille d’aluminium sur chaque face (voir Figure 1).
Légende
1 âme isolante
2 surface ou surfaces à faible émissivité
Figure 1 — Exemple de matériau isolant avec parement réfléchissant sur chaque face
4.3 Produit de type 2
Un produit doit être classé de type 2 lorsqu’il:
— présente une géométrie régulière avec des faces parallèles; ou
— est compressible de sorte que le produit puisse être inséré entre les plaques chaude et froide de
l’appareillage d’essai, sans comprimer le produit de manière significative en dessous de son épaisseur
nominale ou de l’épaisseur mesurée selon le mode opératoire de l’Article 5, la plus petite épaisseur
étant retenue. De plus, la ou les surfaces peuvent ne pas être plane
...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22097
ISO/TC 163/SC 3
Thermal insulation for buildings —
Secretariat: SCC
Reflective insulation products
Voting begins on:
2023-02-28 — Determination of thermal
performance
Voting terminates on:
2023-04-25
Isolation thermique des bâtiments — Produits d’isolation
réfléchissants — Détermination de la performance thermique
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 22097
ISO/TC 163/SC 3
Thermal insulation for buildings —
Secretariat: SCC
Reflective insulation products
Voting begins on:
— Determination of thermal
performance
Voting terminates on:
Isolation thermique des bâtiments — Produits d’isolation
réfléchissants — Détermination de la performance thermique
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
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DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols and units . 2
4 Description of product types . 3
4.1 Product classification . 3
4.2 Product Type 1 . 3
4.3 Product Type 2 . 4
4.4 Product Type 3 . 4
4.5 Product Type 4 . 5
5 Methods of assessment . .5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Thickness measurement . 6
5.3 Test specimens. 6
5.3.1 Size and number of specimens . 6
5.3.2 Conditioning and specimen preparation . 6
5.4 Determination of thermal resistance — Outline . 6
5.5 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 1 . 7
5.5.1 Test thicknesses . 7
5.5.2 Product thickness greater than 20 mm . 7
5.5.3 Product thickness less than or equal to 20 mm . 8
5.5.4 For all thicknesses and nominal thermal resistances . 8
5.6 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 2 . 8
5.6.1 General . 8
5.6.2 Product Type 2 with surface indentations less than 2 mm in depth . 8
5.6.3 Product Type 2 with surface indentations greater than or equal to 2 mm,
but less than 5 mm in depth . 8
5.6.4 Product Type 2 with surface indentations 5 mm in depth or greater . 8
5.6.5 For either all thicknesses or nominal thermal resistances, or both . 9
5.7 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 3 (Method C) . 9
5.7.1 Principle . 9
5.7.2 Determination of the need for specimen conditioning . 9
5.7.3 Air cavity and specimen installation . 9
5.7.4 Hot box test conditions .12
5.7.5 Allowance for heat transfer around the specimen (edge surround) .12
5.7.6 Calculating the core thermal resistance of the product . 14
5.8 Determination of the thermal performance of product Type 4 . 14
5.9 Emissivity . 15
5.9.1 General .15
5.9.2 Measurement of emissivity . 15
6 Uncertainty .16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Thickness measurements . 16
6.3 Use of thermocouples on thin samples in a guarded hot plate or in heat flow meter
measurement . 16
6.4 Use of dummy insulation specimens . 16
6.5 Derivation of the core resistance of a Type 3 product from hot box measurements . 16
7 Expression of results .17
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
7.1 Results derived from hot plate and emissivity measurements (products Type 1
and 2) . 17
7.2 Results derived from hot box and emissivity measurements (product Types 1, 2
and 3) . 17
7.3 Results derived from emissivity measurements only (product Type 4) . 18
8 Report .18
Annex A (normative) Decision making flow chart for identification of product types .19
Annex B (normative) Selection of test methodology for product type 1 when using a hot
plate method.20
Annex C (normative) Selection of the measurement technique for Product Type 2 .21
Annex D (normative) Measurement of emissivity using a thermal infra-red apparatus .22
Annex E (normative) “Dummy specimen” technique for the heat flow meter apparatus .28
Bibliography .30
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy
use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 3, Thermal insultation products, components and systems,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Introduction
Reflective (low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength) surfaces are utilized in a number of ways to
enhance the thermal performance of insulating products. Their role is to reduce the heat transfer by
thermal radiation in some parts of the system. This is achieved because low emissivity surfaces reduce
the radiant heat transferred through a product that is wholly or partially transparent to infra-red
radiation (e.g. very low-density fibrous insulation). They also reduce the radiant heat transfer across
any air gap or gaps that are present in the system. In some cases, air gaps can be an intrinsic part of the
structure and in other cases the insulation can be installed in such a way as to deliberately create an air
gap between the reflective surfaces and the structure.
When correctly installed in buildings, the thermal performance of reflective insulation products can be
influenced quite significantly by such air gaps, hence the value of thermal performance reported from
any of the test procedures should also be accompanied by a statement indicating the presence of, and
sizes of, any adjacent air spaces. For maximum versatility and reduced confusion, the measured values
from any test should be given as the combination of the thermal resistance of the “core” of the product
together with the measured value of the emissivity of the surfaces. This does not preclude the provision
of values indicating the total thermal resistance of a product and one or two airspaces (where relevant)
as additional information, provided full details of the product and the air spaces are included. Some
reflective insulation products have poorly defined thickness due to the nature of the materials and the
manufacture. Care is thus needed to define either the nominal thickness or the test thickness, or both.
When installed in buildings, the final thickness depends upon the degree of handling and fixing, which
is not addressed in this document. The purpose of this document is to provide harmonized procedures
to give reproducible measured thermal performance values that can be readily compared with other
thermal insulation products.
Since all conventional thermal insulation products declare their thermal performance on the basis of
the value to be expected over a reasonable working life, this is also addressed in a limited manner in
this document in the assessment of emissivity of the surface(s) of reflective insulation. In the absence
of any quantified and certified data on the aged performance of a facing over a normal lifetime for a
building material, the ageing of the low emissivity surface is assessed by use of an accelerated ageing
procedure.
How the thermal properties of insulation materials that utilize reflective surfaces are determined
depends on the form in which they are sold and how they are intended to be used. This document
describes a number of different approaches which can be utilized and specifies which approach to
use for the different types of product. Where a product is already subject to a product specification
that describes procedures for the measurement of the aged 90/90 fractile thermal conductivity
or thermal resistance of the core insulation material, the following guidance should only be used to
determine the component of its thermal performance that depends on the emissivity of its external
faces. However, the measured value is only the first step, giving comparative performance values under
specified conditions, and the design value can give more information for use by the designer in specific
applications, especially under different climatic conditions.
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation
products — Determination of thermal performance
1 Scope
This document describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and
calculation methods to determine the thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This
document supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods.
This document applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed
thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together
with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of
the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard
where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the
emissivity of the facing. It does not, and cannot, give an in-use or design value of thermal performance,
but provides standardized information from which these can be determined.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 983, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM: 1995)
EN 19462, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 2: Measurements by guarded hot
plate method
EN 19463, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 3: Measurements by heat flow meter
method
EN 19464, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 4: Measurements by hot box methods
ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance —
Calculation methods
ISO 7345, Thermal performance of buildings and building components — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Guarded hot plate apparatus
ISO 8990, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties —
Calibrated and guarded hot box
ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary
ISO 9288, Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation — Vocabulary
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
ISO 10456:2007, Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values
and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values
EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Dry and moist products of medium and low
thermal resistance
EN 12667, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Products of high and medium thermal
resistance
ISO 29466:2022, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of thickness
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9288, ISO 9229 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
indentation
concave depression in the surface of the facing (foil), such that shallow air pockets are created when the
surface is in contact with a smooth flat plate
3.1.2
core thermal resistance
thermal resistance of the product from face to face at the tested thickness, excluding the contribution of
any low emissivity (3.1.3) outer surface or any air space(s) adjacent to the product
3.1.3
emissivity
ratio of the energy radiated by a surface relative to the energy radiated by a blackbody at the same
temperature
Note 1 to entry: It is a measure of a material's ability to radiate heat.
3.1.4
reflective surface
low emissivity surface
surface, which has a low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength within the temperature range found
in building elements
3.1.5
reflective insulation
insulation product, which has one or both external face(s) comprising a reflective (low emissivity)
surface
3.2 Symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units apply.
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Symbol Quantity Unit
P perimeter m
2
R thermal resistance m K/W
U sensor signal V
ε emissivity —
λ thermal conductivity W/(m K)
ϕ heat flow rate W
ψ linear thermal transmittance W/(m K)
ΔΘ temperature difference K
Symbol Quantity
L low
H high
e edge
sur surround
90/90 90 % fractile with a confidence level of 90 %
4 Description of product types
4.1 Product classification
Clause 4 describes the various generic product types to which this document refers. Product type is
defined solely for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate test method (product type number does
not refer to a generic species of product). Together with 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the flow charts in Annexes A, B
and C shall be followed in assigning a given product to a product type.
In 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the product type is determined by reference to its compressibility or otherwise to
achieve flat parallel surfaces. This implies the removal of measurable air gaps between the specimen
and the hot and cold plates of the test apparatus whilst not unduly reducing the overall thickness of
the specimen to be tested. The thickness shall be determined using the procedures in 5.2 and shall, if
less than the nominal thickness, be the thickness subsequently used for the measurement of the core
thermal resistance and given in the test report. Otherwise, the nominal thickness shall be used.
4.2 Product Type 1
A product shall be classified as Type 1 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between, and in full contact with, the hot
and cold plates of the apparatus. Such Type 1 products can be so constrained without significantly
compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure
in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. This is usually achieved when its surfaces are predominantly
smooth and flat with no discernible depth of pattern or indentation.
EXAMPLE Including (but not limited to) multi-foil insulation product which is stitched or seamed only at
the edges and substantially flat with parallel faces (see also the limitation in Clause 1) and some other insulation
materials with aluminium foil facing on each side (see Figure 1).
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Key
1 insulation core
2 low emissivity surface or surfaces
Figure 1 — Example of insulation material with reflective facing on each side
4.3 Product Type 2
A product shall be classified as Type 2 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between the test apparatus hot and cold
plates without significantly compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness
measured using the procedure in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. In addition, the surface or surfaces
may not be flat and smooth and can have indentations of less than 5 mm depth. The indentations
shall be measured using the pin and plate described in ISO 29466:2022, Clause B.1, or an alternative
method with at least the same level of accuracy. The pin shall be placed in the lowest point of any
indentation but shall not pierce the surface.
If the indentations are 5 mm or greater, it shall be classified as product Type 3.
EXAMPLE Including, but not limited to, some types of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces (see
Figure 2).
Key
1 air filled plastic bubbles
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 2 — Example of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces
4.4 Product Type 3
A product shall be classified as Type 3 when:
— it has irregular thickness geometry and does not have flat parallel faces; or
— it cannot be installed between the hot and cold plates of the apparatus using the lesser of the nominal
thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure in Clause 5 to produce flat and parallel
faces, free of air spaces.
4
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
A small degree of compression may be permitted to eliminate air gaps, but not exceeding 10 % of the
thickness, or 5 mm, whichever is the greater in mm.
NOTE 1 Its surfaces might or might not have indentations, the depth of which is not limited to any specific
value.
NOTE 2 It can include stitching or seams. A typical example would be the stitched multi-foil reflective
insulation products or sealed “pockets” or “pillows” made from reflective foil sheets, as shown in Figure 3.
Key
1 air filled plastic bubbles
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 3 — Exa
...
ISO/FDIS 22097
ISO/TC 163/SC 3
Secretariat: SCC
Deleted: Date: 2022-11-24¶
ISO/DIS 22097:2019(E)¶
Date: 2023-02-14
Deleted: SIS
Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation products
— Determination of thermal performance
Isolation thermique des bâtiments — Produits d’isolation réfléchissants — Détermination de la
Deleted: Wärmedämmstoffe für Gebäude —
Reflektierende Wärmedämm-Produkte — Bestimmung
performance thermique
der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften¶
FDIS stage
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Deleted: ICS:¶
...
Published in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Field Code Changed
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use
in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 3, Thermal insultation products, components and systems, in
collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89,
Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Introduction
Reflective (low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength) surfaces are utilized in a number of ways to
enhance the thermal performance of insulating products. Their role is to reduce the heat transfer by
thermal radiation in some parts of the system. This is achieved because low emissivity surfaces reduce
the radiant heat transferred through a product that is wholly or partially transparent to infra-red
radiation (e.g. very low-density fibrous insulation). They also reduce the radiant heat transfer across any
air gap or gaps that are present in the system. In some cases, air gaps can be an intrinsic part of the
structure and in other cases the insulation can be installed in such a way as to deliberately create an air
gap between the reflective surfaces and the structure.
When correctly installed in buildings, the thermal performance of reflective insulation products can be
influenced quite significantly by such air gaps, hence the value of thermal performance reported from any
of the test procedures should also be accompanied by a statement indicating the presence of, and sizes
of, any adjacent air spaces. For maximum versatility and reduced confusion, the measured values from
any test should be given as the combination of the thermal resistance of the “core” of the product together
with the measured value of the emissivity of the surfaces. This does not preclude the provision of values
indicating the total thermal resistance of a product and one or two airspaces (where relevant) as
additional information, provided full details of the product and the air spaces are included. Some
reflective insulation products have poorly defined thickness due to the nature of the materials and the
manufacture. Care is thus needed to define either the nominal thickness or the test thickness, or both.
Deleted: and/
When installed in buildings, the final thickness depends upon the degree of handling and fixing, which is
Deleted: will depend
not addressed in this document. The purpose of this document is to provide harmonized procedures to
Deleted: –
give reproducible measured thermal performance values that can be readily compared with other
Deleted: cannot be
thermal insulation products.
Since all conventional thermal insulation products declare their thermal performance on the basis of the
value to be expected over a reasonable working life, this is also addressed in a limited manner in this
document in the assessment of emissivity of the surface(s) of reflective insulation. In the absence of any
quantified and certified data on the aged performance of a facing over a normal lifetime for a building
material, the ageing of the low emissivity surface is assessed by use of an accelerated ageing procedure.
How the thermal properties of insulation materials that utilize reflective surfaces are determined
depends on the form in which they are sold and how they are intended to be used. This document Deleted: will depend
describes a number of different approaches which can be utilized and specifies which approach to use for
the different types of product. Where a product is already subject to a product specification that describes
procedures for the measurement of the aged 90/90 fractile thermal conductivity or thermal resistance of
the core insulation material, the following guidance should only be used to determine the component of
its thermal performance that depends on the emissivity of its external faces. However, the measured Deleted: it should be remembered that
value is only the first step, giving comparative performance values under specified conditions, and the
design value can give more information for use by the designer in specific applications, especially under
different climatic conditions.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation products
— Determination of thermal performance
1 Scope
This document describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and
calculation methods to determine the thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This
document supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods.
This document applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed thermal
properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together with any
associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of the thermal
performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard where the
declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the emissivity of
the facing. It does not, and cannot, give an in-use or design value of thermal performance, but provides
standardized information from which these can be determined.
Deleted: may
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
Deleted: EN ISO 29466, Thermal insulating products for
building applications — Determination of thickness¶
measurement (GUM:1995)
EN 1946-1, Thermal performance of building products and
components — Specific criteria for the assessment of
EN 1946-2, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 1:
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 2: Measurements by guarded hot
Common criteria¶
plate method
EN 1946-
EN 1946-3, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the Deleted: -
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 3: Measurements by heat flow meter
method
EN 1946-4, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the Deleted: -
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 4: Measurements by hot box methods
ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance —
Calculation methods
ISO 7345, Thermal performance of buildings and building components — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Guarded hot plate apparatus
ISO 8990, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties —
Calibrated and guarded hot box
ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary
ISO 9288, Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation — Vocabulary
ISO 10456:2007, Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values
and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Deleted:
EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
Deleted: DIS
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Dry and moist products of medium and low
Deleted: 2019
thermal resistance
EN 12667, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Products of high and medium thermal
resistance
ISO 29466:2022, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of thickness Deleted: 6946, Building components and building
elements —…
3 Terms, definitions and symbols Deleted: resistance and thermal transmittance —
Calculation method ¶
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9288, ISO 9229 and
definitions ¶
the following apply.
ISO 8990, Thermal insulation
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
Deleted: steady-state thermal transmission properties —
Calibrated and guarded hot box
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Deleted: ISO 9229, Thermal Insulation — Vocabulary ¶
ISO 9288, Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— Physical quantities and definitions ¶
ISO 10456, Building materials and products —
3.1 Terms and definitions
Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values and
procedures for determining declared and design thermal
values ¶
3.1.1
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-
indentation
state thermal resistance and related properties — Heat
concave depression in the surface of the facing (foil), such that shallow air pockets are created when the
flow meter apparatus¶
surface is in contact with a smooth flat plate
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-
state thermal resistance and related properties — Guarded
hot plate apparatus¶
3.1.2
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part
core thermal resistance
3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
thermal resistance of the product from face to face at the tested thickness, excluding the contribution of
(GUM:1995)¶
any low emissivity (3.1.3) outer surface or any air space(s) adjacent to the product
Deleted: ,
Deleted: and units
3.1.3
emissivity
Deleted: terminological
ratio of the energy radiated by a surface relative to the energy radiated by a blackbody at the same
Deleted: —
temperature
Deleted: —
Note 1 to entry: It is a measure of a material's ability to radiate heat.
Deleted: )
Deleted: (3.1.3)
3.1.4
reflective surface
low emissivity surface
surface, which has a low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength within the temperature range found
in building elements
3.1.5
reflective insulation
insulation product, which has one or both external face(s) comprising a reflective (low emissivity) surface
3.2 Symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units apply.
Symbol Quantity Unit
Inserted Cells
P perimeter m
2
R thermal resistance m K/W
U sensor signal V
ε emissivity —
2 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Deleted: DIS
Deleted: 2019
Symbol Quantity Unit
Inserted Cells
λ thermal conductivity W/(m K)
ϕ heat flow rate W
ψ linear thermal transmittance W/(m K)
ΔΘ temperature difference K
Symbol Quantity
Inserted Cells
L low
H high
e edge
sur surround
90/90 90 % fractile with a confidence level of 90 %
4 Description of product types
4.1 Product classification
Clause 4 describes the various generic product types to which this document refers. Product type is Deleted: Clause 4
defined solely for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate test method (product type number does
not refer to a generic species of product). Together with 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the flow charts in Annexes A, B Deleted: 4.2, 4.3
and C shall be followed in assigning a given product to a product type.
Deleted: 4.4,
In 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the product type is determined by reference to its compressibility or otherwise to Deleted: Annexes A, B
achieve flat parallel surfaces. This implies the removal of measurable air gaps between the specimen and
Deleted: C
the hot and cold plates of the test apparatus whilst not unduly reducing the overall thickness of the
Deleted: 4.2, 4.3
specimen to be tested. The thickness shall be determined using the procedures in 5.2 and shall, if less
Deleted: 4.4,
than the nominal thickness, be the thickness subsequently used for the measurement of the core thermal
resistance and given in the test report. Otherwise, the nominal thickness shall be used. Deleted: 5.2
4.2 Product Type 1
A product shall be classified as Type 1 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
Deleted: —
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between, and in full contact with, the hot and
Deleted: —
cold plates of the apparatus. Such Type 1 products can be so constrained without significantly
compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure
in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. This is usually achieved when its surfaces are predominantly Deleted: Clause 5,
smooth and flat with no discernible depth of pattern or indentation.
EXAMPLE Including (but not limited to) multi-foil insulation product which is stitched or seamed only at the
edges and substantially flat with parallel faces (see also the limitation in Clause 1) and some other insulation
Deleted: Clause 1)
materials with aluminium foil facing on each side (see Figure 1).
Deleted: Figure 1),
Deleted:
Key
1 insulation core
2 low emissivity surface or surfaces
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Deleted:
Figure 1 — Example of insulation material with reflective facing on each side
Deleted: DIS
Deleted: 2019
4.3 Product Type 2
A product shall be classified as Type 2 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
Deleted: —
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between the test apparatus hot and cold plates
Deleted: —
without significantly compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness measured
using the procedure in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. In addition, the surface or surfaces may not Deleted: Clause 5,
be flat and smooth and can have indentations of less than 5 mm depth. The indentations shall be
measured using the pin and plate described in ISO 29466:2022, Clause B.1, or an alternative method
with at least the same level of accuracy. The pin shall be placed in the lowest point of any indentation
but shall not pierce the surface.
If the indentations are 5 mm or greater, it shall be classified as product Type 3.
EXAMPLE Including, but not limited to, some types of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces (see
Figure 2).
Deleted: Figure 2).
Deleted:
Key
1 air filled plastic bubbles
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 2 — Example of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces
4.4 Product Type 3
A product shall be classified as Type 3 when:
— it has irregular thickness geometry and does not have flat parallel faces; or
Deleted: —
— it cannot be installed between the hot and cold plates of the apparatus using the lesser of the nominal
Deleted: —
thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure in Clause 5 to produce flat and parallel faces,
Deleted: Clause 5
free of air spaces.
A small degree of compression may be permitted to eliminate air gaps, but not exceeding 10 % of the
Deleted: —
thickness, or 5 mm, whichever is the greater in mm.
NOTE 1 Its surfaces might or might not have indentations, the depth of which is not limited to any specific value.
NOTE 2 It can include stitching or seams. A typical example would be the stitched multi-foil reflective insulation
products or sealed “pockets” or “pillows” made from reflective foil sheets, as shown in Figure 3.
Deleted: Figure 3.
Deleted:
Key
4 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Deleted: DIS
1 air filled plastic bubbles
Deleted: 2019
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 3 — Example of stitched multi-foil insulation
4.5 Product Type 4
Product Type 4 is a thin film or sheet, less than 2 mm thickness, using single or in multiple layers, which
makes use of a low emissivity surface to increase the thermal resistance of adjacent or enclosed air
space(s), but which has no significant thermal resistance of its own (see Figure 4). Deleted: Figure 4).
Deleted:
a) 2-layer foil system b) 3-layer foil system¶
Key¶
a) 2-layer foil system b) 3-layer foil system
Deleted: 1, 2, 3
Key
Deleted: Foil layers
1, 2, 3 foil layers
Figure 4 — Example of multiple layers of product Type 4 under flooring
5 Methods of assessment
5.1 General
In addition to the general requirements for testing thermal performance in accordance with EN 12664,
EN 12667 and ISO 8990, the specific requirements for mounting of specimens given in 5.4 to 5.8 shall Deleted: 5.4
also be followed. The measurement of thermal performance of reflective insulation products Type 1, Type
Deleted: 5.8
2 and Type 3 shall require the measurement of the thickness of the specimens.
Thickness measurement shall be in accordance with 5.2. Deleted: 5.2.
The test conditions should be chosen to represent the intended market (temperate or tropical), according
to ISO 10456:2007, Table 1, and the relevant conditions for testing for determination of a declared value
shall be stipulated in the relevant product technical specification. Unless stipulated elsewhere, thermal
testing should use a mean temperature of either 10 °C or 23 °C. By default, this document uses 10 °C as
the reference condition.
5.2 Thickness measurement
With the exception of thin single layer films or sheets, the thickness of all types of product which are in
excess of a 2 mm nominal declared thickness shall be determined according to ISO 29466 using the
1
procedures in the relevant product technical specification, e.g. prEN 16863 or ISO 21239 . For all other Deleted: such as
reflective products or in the absence of a product technical specification, the thickness shall be
Deleted: DIS
determined in accordance with ISO 29466 using the lowest weight of plate permitted by the test method
that substantially eliminates any air gaps as per the compressibility criteria in Clause 4.
Deleted: Clause 4.
EXAMPLE The minimum weight of plate may be reduced from 50 Pa to 25 Pa.
Deleted: :
1
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 21239.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Deleted:
The method of assessment for thickness and the values used for testing shall be given in the test report.
Deleted: DIS
The thickness of thin films and sheets with a nominal, declared thickness of < 2 mm may not be measured.
Deleted: 2019
5.3 Test specimens Deleted: test
5.3.1 Size and number of specimens
The specimen size shall be appropriate to the apparatus being used. In the absence of harmonised
product specifications for any product type and to permit statistical calculation of the thermal
performance, a minimum of three samples shall be tested, taken from at least three different production
batches wherever possible, but shall be representative of the mean value of weight per unit area of the
product under test. Where a harmonized product specification exists, the rules from that standard should
be followed.
5.3.2 Conditioning and specimen preparation
Except for the measurement of emissivity, where special conditioning requirements exist, all test
specimens shall be stored for at least 6 h at (23 ± 5) °C. In cases of dispute, they shall be stored at
Deleted: six hours
(23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity (RH) for the time specified in any relevant harmonized
Deleted: ±
product standard, or for a minimum of 6 h.
Deleted: ±
NOTE 5.7.2 specifies the procedure to be followed to determine the conditioning of specimens to be used in
Deleted: ±
hot box measurements where the emissivity of the facing can be subject to ageing.
Deleted: six hours
In the case of products supplied in compressed form, the material shall be allowed to recover fully before
Deleted: 5.7.2
conditioning for the test. This shall be for a minimum of 6 h or longer if recommended by the
Deleted: could
manufacturer. In cases of dispute, the procedure specified in ISO 29466:2022, Annex A shall be followed.
Deleted: six hours
5.4 Determination of thermal resistance — Outline
Deleted: –
Four different methods (A, B, C and D) are defined in this document. Some methods are more appropriate
than others for different forms of reflective insulation materials, as described in Clause 4. The actual Deleted: which have been
measured performance using each method gives comparable performance values.
Deleted: Clause 4.
Of the four methods, three, (A, B, C) provide a measurement of thermal resistance as follows:
— Method A
Deleted: •
Guarded hot plate apparatus shall meet the requirements of ISO 8302, EN 1946-2, EN 12664 and
EN 12667;
— Method B
Deleted: •
Heat flow meter apparatus shall meet the requirements of ISO 8301, EN 1946-3, EN 12664 and
EN 12667;
— Method C
Deleted: •
Hot box apparatus shall meet the requirements of ISO 8990 and EN 1946-4
— Method D
Deleted: •
A fourth method provides for measurement of surface emissivity and calculation of airspace thermal
resistance.
The method relevant for each product type shall be performed in accordance with 5.5 to 5.8. The correct
Deleted: Clause 5.5
process for each product type shall be identified through the use of the flow charts in Annex A, Annex B
Deleted: Clause 5.8.
and Annex C. The surface of the material shall be assessed as given in Clause 4 to determine the
Deleted: Annex A, Annex B
appropriate product type and test method, which shall be specified in the test report.
Deleted: Annex C.
Deleted: Clause 4
6 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Deleted: DIS
5.5 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 1
Deleted: 2019
5.5.1 Test thicknesses
The test thickness shall be the nominal thickness of the product, or the thickness measured in accordance
with 5.2, whichever is the lesser. Deleted: 5.2,
5.5.2 Product thickness greater than 20 mm
2
5.5.2.1 Thermal resistance expected to be greater than 0,5 m ·K/W
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus; or
Deleted: •
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus.
Deleted: •
2
5.5.2.2 Thermal resistance expected to be 0,5 m ·K/W or less
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus; or
Deleted: •
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus.
Deleted: •
In each case, thermocouples shall be attached to the specimen surface (using the procedures specified in
EN 12664).
5.5.3 Product thickness less than or equal to 20 mm
2
5.5.3.1 Thermal resistance expected to be greater than 0,5 m ·K/W
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus using thermocouples embedded in the hot and
Deleted: •
cold plates; or
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus using the “dummy specimen” technique given in
Deleted: •
Annex E.
Deleted: Annex E.
2
5.5.3.2 Thermal resistance expected to be 0,5 m ·K/W or less
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus using thermocouples attached to the specimen
Deleted: •
surface (the procedures specified in EN 12664 shall be used); or
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus using the “dummy specimen” technique given in
Deleted: •
Annex E.
Deleted: Annex E.
If thermocouples are to be fixed to aluminium or other metal foil, the bare thermocouple wire shall be
electrically isolated from the foil by a strip of thin adhesive tape.
5.5.4 For all thicknesses and nominal thermal resistances
As an alternative to the options described in 5.5.1 and 5.5.2 above, any Type 1 product may also be Deleted: 5.5.1
measured using the procedure described as Method C in 5.7.
Deleted: 5.5.2
5.6 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 2
Deleted: 5.7.
5.6.1 General
The test thickness shall be the nominal thickness of the product or the thickness measured in accordance
with 5.2, whichever is the lesser.
Deleted: 5.2,
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 7
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ISO/FDIS 22097:2023(E)
Deleted:
5.6.2 Product Type 2 with surface indentations less than 2 mm in depth
Deleted: DIS
Deleted: 2019
Treat as product Type 1 (see 5.5 to select appropriate methodology depending upon thickness and
expected thermal resistance). Deleted: 5.5
5.6.3 Product Type 2 with surface indentations greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than
5 mm in depth
Use Method A or Method B using a guarded hot plate apparatus or heat flow meter apparatus using
thermocouples attached to the specimen surface. The procedures specified in EN 12664, ISO 8301 and
ISO 8302 shall be used.
To prepare the specimens, fill any indentations with aqueous gel and cover with a thin layer of low
conductivity film such as polyethylene. Then treat specimen as product Type 1 to measure core thermal
resistance (see 5.5 to select appropriate methodology). Use Method A or Method B using a guarded hot
Deleted: Clause 5.5
plate apparatus or heat flow meter apparatus using thermocouples attached to the specimen surface
(using the procedures specified in EN 12664).
5.6.4 Product Type 2 with surface indentations 5 mm in depth or greater
Where the surface indentations are 5 mm in depth or greater, the product shall be treated as if it were
product Type 3 (see 5.7). Deleted: 5.7).
5.6.5 For either all thicknesses or nominal thermal resistances, or both
Deleted: and/
As an alternative to the options described in 5.6.1 to 5.6.3, any Type 2 product may also be measured
Deleted: 5.6.1
using the procedure described as Method C in 5.7.
Deleted:
...
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