ISO 7176-31:2023
(Main)Wheelchairs - Part 31: Lithium-ion battery systems and chargers for powered wheelchairs - Requirements and test methods
Wheelchairs - Part 31: Lithium-ion battery systems and chargers for powered wheelchairs - Requirements and test methods
This document specifies requirements and test methods for lithium-ion batteries and battery systems intended for use in electrically powered wheelchairs, and their charging systems.
Fauteuils roulants — Partie 31: Systèmes de batteries lithium-ion et chargeurs pour fauteuils roulants motorisés — Exigences et méthodes d'essai
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 11-May-2023
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 173/SC 1 - Wheelchairs
- Current Stage
- 6060 - International Standard published
- Start Date
- 12-May-2023
- Due Date
- 08-Nov-2022
- Completion Date
- 12-May-2023
Overview
ISO 7176-31:2023 - "Wheelchairs - Part 31: Lithium-ion battery systems and chargers for powered wheelchairs - Requirements and test methods" specifies safety, performance and test requirements for lithium‑ion cells, battery systems (packs/modules) and charging systems intended for electrically powered wheelchairs. The standard addresses battery performance, fire risk mitigation, battery management system (BMS) functions, charger interfaces and functional requirements, user instructions, labelling and test reporting. It emphasizes thermal runaway, regeneration charging (during deceleration or slopes) and the role of the wheelchair controller as part of the charging/battery system.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope: Requirements and test methods for lithium‑ion batteries and their chargers used in powered wheelchairs.
- Battery safety & performance:
- Batteries shall conform to IEC 62133‑2.
- Fire propagation controls and containment requirements reference IEC 62619:2017.
- Manufacturers must declare cyclic endurance per IEC 61960‑3.
- Thermal runaway and toxic fumes are explicitly recognized hazards.
- Battery Management System (BMS):
- Mandatory functions: cell over‑voltage, cell under‑voltage, battery over‑current, over‑temperature, under‑temperature, and battery status (state of charge/health).
- Recommended functions: cell imbalance protection, cell balancing, and provision of data enabling the controller to limit power (e.g., during regeneration).
- EMC expectations: installation per BMS instructions should meet applicable EMC standards (see ISO 7176‑21, IEC 60601‑1‑2).
- Charging system & connectors:
- Functional and connector requirements are covered (including XLR charger connector variants for battery and wheelchair).
- Charger functional tests, protective measures and insulation/SELV definitions are included.
- Documentation & labelling:
- Instructions for use, battery labelling and detailed test report requirements are specified.
Applications - who uses ISO 7176-31
- Powered wheelchair manufacturers - design validation, safety compliance.
- Battery and BMS manufacturers - product design, functional requirements and test evidence.
- Charger and accessory manufacturers - connector and charger function compliance.
- Test laboratories - performing standardized safety and endurance tests.
- Procurement, regulators and healthcare organizations - assessing product safety and conformity.
Related standards
- ISO 7176 series (e.g., ISO 7176‑8, ISO 7176‑14, ISO 7176‑25:2022)
- IEC 62133‑2, IEC 62619:2017, IEC 61960‑3
- IEC 60335‑2‑29, IEC 60529, IEC 60601‑1‑2
ISO 7176‑31 is a practical reference for ensuring lithium‑ion battery systems and chargers for powered wheelchairs meet internationally harmonized safety and test expectations.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 7176-31:2023 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Wheelchairs - Part 31: Lithium-ion battery systems and chargers for powered wheelchairs - Requirements and test methods". This standard covers: This document specifies requirements and test methods for lithium-ion batteries and battery systems intended for use in electrically powered wheelchairs, and their charging systems.
This document specifies requirements and test methods for lithium-ion batteries and battery systems intended for use in electrically powered wheelchairs, and their charging systems.
ISO 7176-31:2023 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 11.180.10 - Aids and adaptation for moving. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
You can purchase ISO 7176-31:2023 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7176-31
First edition
2023-05
Wheelchairs —
Part 31:
Lithium-ion battery systems and
chargers for powered wheelchairs —
Requirements and test methods
Fauteuils roulants —
Partie 31: Systèmes de batteries lithium-ion et chargeurs pour
fauteuils roulants motorisés — Exigences et méthodes d'essai
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Lithium-ion batteries .3
4.1 Battery performance and safety requirements . 3
4.1.1 General . 3
4.1.2 Fire . 4
4.1.3 Battery cyclic endurance . 4
4.2 Requirements for battery management systems . 4
4.2.1 General . 4
4.2.2 Functional requirements . 5
4.2.3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 5
4.2.4 Climatic tests . 5
5 Requirements for the battery charging system . 6
5.1 Charger connector . 6
5.1.1 General . 6
5.1.2 XLR battery charger connector . 6
5.1.3 XLR wheelchair charger connector . 6
5.2 Battery charger function . 7
5.2.1 Requirements . 7
6 Instructions for use . .8
6.1 Battery charger . 8
6.2 Battery . 8
7 Battery labelling. 9
8 Test report . 9
Bibliography .10
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
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Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173, Assistive products, Subcommittee SC 1,
Wheelchairs.
A list of all parts in the ISO 7176 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document was developed to standardize requirements for use of lithium-ion batteries in
wheelchairs.
Lithium-ion batteries provide performance enhancements relative to batteries with other chemistries,
but operation outside specified limits can pose unacceptable risks. It is important not to overlook
conditions that occur not only when charging using the wheelchair battery charger, but during
operation of the wheelchair, which can charge the battery system when decelerating and/or travelling
down a slope. In many cases, the wheelchair controller can be considered part of the battery system
and charging system combined.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7176-31:2023(E)
Wheelchairs —
Part 31:
Lithium-ion battery systems and chargers for powered
wheelchairs — Requirements and test methods
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take
appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel and the environment prior
to application of this document. Particular care should be taken regarding the possible emission
of toxic fumes resulting from lithium battery fires.
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and test methods for lithium-ion batteries and battery systems
intended for use in electrically powered wheelchairs, and their charging systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7176-8, Wheelchairs — Part 8: Requirements and test methods for static, impact and fatigue strengths
ISO 7176-14, Wheelchairs — Part 14: Power and control systems for electrically powered wheelchairs and
scooters — Requirements and test methods
ISO 7176-25:2022, Wheelchairs — Part 25: Lead-acid batteries and chargers for powered wheelchairs —
Requirements and test methods
IEC 60335-2-29:2016+Amd 1:2019, Household and similar electrical appliances — Safety — Part 2-29:
Particular requirements for battery chargers
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 62133-2, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety
requirements for portable sealed secondary lithium cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in
portable applications - Part 2: Lithium systems
IEC 61960-3, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Secondary
lithium cells and batteries for portable applications - Part 3: Prismatic and cylindrical lithium secondary
cells and batteries made from them
IEC 62619:2017, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety
requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
cell
battery cell
basic manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy,
that consists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals, and that is designed to be
charged electrically
[SOURCE: IEC 62133-2:2017, 3.7]
3.2
battery pack
energy storage device, which is comprised of one or more cells or modules electrically connected
Note 1 to entry: Some battery management functions are, by necessity, integrated into the battery; others may
need to be integrated into the control and drive system.
Note 2 to entry: It may incorporate a protective housing and be provided with terminals or other interconnection
arrangement.
[SOURCE: IEC 62619:2017, 3.10, modified]
3.3
module
battery module
group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without
protective devices (e.g. fuse or PTC) and monitoring circuitry
[SOURCE: IEC 62133-2:2017, 3.9, modified]
3.4
lithium-ion battery
secondary battery with an organic solvent electrolyte and positive and negative electrodes which
utilize an intercalation compound in which lithium is stored
Note 1 to entry: A lithium ion battery does not contain lithium metal.
[SOURCE: IEV 482-05-07, modified]
3.5
battery management system
BMS
electronic system associated with a battery which has functions to maintain safety and prevent damage
3.6
battery system
battery
system which comprises one or more cells, modules or battery packs
Note 1 to entry: The battery system can have cooling or heating units.
[SOURCE: IEC 62619:2017, 3.11, modified]
3.7
cell imbalance
difference between cell conditions that can cause a hazard if allo
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ISO 7176-31:2023は、電動車椅子に使用されるリチウムイオンバッテリーおよびバッテリーシステム、その充電システムに関する要件と試験方法を定めた重要な標準です。この文書は、電動車椅子を使用するユーザーの安全性と信頼性を確保するために不可欠な基準を提供しています。 この標準の強みは、リチウムイオンバッテリーの特性や充電プロセスに対する包括的なアプローチです。具体的には、バッテリーの性能、耐久性、充電効率および安全性に関連する明確な要件を制定しており、製造業者とエンドユーザー双方にとって、信頼できる製品の設計と利用を促進します。また、試験方法が詳細に示されているため、製品評価の一貫性と透明性が向上し、製品の品質管理にも貢献します。 この標準の関連性は、リチウムイオンバッテリー技術が急速に進化している現代において特に高まっています。電動車椅子の利用者に対するニーズが多様化する中で、安全で効率的な充電システムを提供するための基準を設けることは、業界全体の信頼を高める要因となります。このように、ISO 7176-31:2023は、電動車椅子のバッテリー技術における進展を支える重要な枠組みを提供しており、今後の市場成長に寄与することが期待されます。
ISO 7176-31:2023 outlines essential requirements and test methods specifically designed for lithium-ion battery systems and chargers utilized in powered wheelchairs. This standard is critical as it not only addresses safety concerns associated with lithium-ion battery technology but also ensures consistency in battery performance and reliability across powered wheelchair models. One of the primary strengths of ISO 7176-31:2023 lies in its comprehensive approach to battery systems. By defining specific testing protocols, the standard ensures that manufacturers can validate the safety and efficiency of their products, thereby fostering trust among users and healthcare providers. Additionally, the document encompasses various aspects of battery management, including charging efficiency and thermal management, which are pivotal in enhancing the overall performance and lifespan of powered wheelchairs. The relevance of ISO 7176-31:2023 extends beyond manufacturers; it impacts end-users significantly by establishing benchmarks for safety and performance. With the increasing adoption of powered wheelchairs worldwide, stringent requirements for lithium-ion battery systems and chargers help minimize risks associated with battery malfunctions, such as overheating or failure during use. Furthermore, this standard reflects the ongoing innovation within the mobility sector, showcasing the commitment to integrating advanced battery technologies that offer improved energy density and reduced weight. By adhering to the guidelines set forth in ISO 7176-31:2023, manufacturers can ensure a harmonized approach to product development, which benefits not only the industry but also the end-users who rely on powered wheelchairs for mobility. In summary, ISO 7176-31:2023 serves as a pivotal framework for ensuring safety, reliability, and performance in lithium-ion battery systems and chargers for powered wheelchairs, reinforcing the importance of standardized practices in advancing mobility solutions.
La norme ISO 7176-31:2023 est un document essentiel qui définit les exigences et les méthodes d'essai pour les systèmes de batteries lithium-ion et les chargeurs destinés aux fauteuils roulants électriques. Son champ d'application est spécifiquement centré sur la sécurité et la performance des batteries lithium-ion utilisées dans ce type de dispositifs, répondant à un besoin croissant de fiabilité et d'efficacité dans le domaine de la mobilité assistée. Parmi les points forts de cette norme, on trouve une approche rigoureuse axée sur la sécurité, garantissant que les utilisateurs de fauteuils roulants puissent bénéficier de systèmes de batteries qui non seulement fonctionnent efficacement, mais qui sont également conformes à des critères de sécurité élevés. Les exigences précisées sont largement conformes aux meilleures pratiques internationales, ce qui renforce la confiance des utilisateurs et des fabricants. La pertinence de la norme ISO 7176-31:2023 ne peut être sous-estimée dans le contexte de l'évolution rapide des technologies de mobilité. La demande pour des fauteuils roulants équipés de systèmes énergétiques performants et sûrs a augmenté de manière significative, rendant cette norme non seulement opportune, mais également cruciale pour l'avenir des fauteuils roulants électriques. De plus, en intégrant des méthodes d'essai standardisées, elle facilite la comparabilité entre les différentes options disponibles sur le marché, soutenant ainsi les fabricants dans le développement de produits innovants tout en maintenant des normes de qualité élevées. En résumé, la norme ISO 7176-31:2023 constitue un cadre solide pour la mise en œuvre de systèmes de batteries lithium-ion efficaces et sûrs dans les fauteuils roulants électriques, tout en répondant aux exigences croissantes de sécurité et de performance dans ce secteur en pleine expansion.
ISO 7176-31:2023은 전동 휠체어에 사용되는 리튬 이온 배터리 및 배터리 시스템과 충전 시스템에 대한 요구 사항과 시험 방법을 규정합니다. 이 표준의 범위는 전동 휠체어의 안전성과 성능을 보장하기 위해 필요한 기술적 기준을 제공하는 데 중점을 두고 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 포괄적인 테스트 방법을 제시하고 있다는 점입니다. 이를 통해 제조업체는 리튬 이온 배터리 시스템의 품질과 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있으며, 이는 사용자의 안전을 높이는 데 기여합니다. 또한, ISO 7176-31:2023은 국제적으로 통용되는 기준을 마련함으로써, 다양한 국가에서 생산되는 전동 휠체어의 호환성을 확보할 수 있도록 지원합니다. 리튬 이온 배터리 시스템의 발전이 이루어지는 현대의 기술 환경에서, 이 표준은 신뢰성 있는 충전 시스템의 중요성을 강조합니다. 배터리의 성능과 lifespan을 최적화하기 위한 요구 사항은 전동 휠체어 이용자의 안전과 편의성을 증대시키는 데 중요한 역할을 합니다. 결론적으로, ISO 7176-31:2023은 전동 휠체어에 대한 리튬 이온 배터리 시스템과 충전기에 관한 포괄적이고 실용적인 가이드라인을 제공하며, 이는 사용자와 제조업체 모두에게 실질적인 혜택을 제공합니다. 이 표준은 현재 및 미래의 전동 휠체어 설계 및 개발에 필수적인 지침이 될 것입니다.
Die Norm ISO 7176-31:2023 ist ein wichtiges Dokument, das spezifische Anforderungen und Prüfmethoden für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien sowie die Batteriesysteme von elektrischen Rollstühlen und deren Ladesystemen festlegt. Durch die Fokussierung auf Lithium-Ionen-Technologie trägt die Norm dazu bei, die Sicherheit und Effizienz von elektrischen Rollstühlen zu verbessern, was für die Mobilität und Unabhängigkeit der Nutzer von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Ein herausragendes Merkmal der ISO 7176-31:2023 ist die detaillierte Beschreibung der Testmethoden, die dazu beitragen, die Leistung und Zuverlässigkeit von Batterien und deren Ladesystemen zu bewerten. Diese Prüfmethoden ermöglichen eine genaue Einschätzung der Lebensdauer und der Sicherheitsaspekte von Lithium-Ionen-Batteriesystemen, die in powered wheelchairs verwendet werden. Dadurch wird nicht nur die Qualität der Produkte verbessert, sondern es wird auch sichergestellt, dass die Nutzer in ihrer alltäglichen Nutzung auf ihre elektrischen Rollstühle vertrauen können. Die Relevanz dieser Norm erstreckt sich auch auf die verstärkten Anforderungen an Nachhaltigkeit und Sicherheit. Angesichts der zunehmenden Verbreitung von elektrisch betriebenen Rollstühlen, ist die Standardisierung der Batterien und Lader ein Schritt in die richtige Richtung, um die Umweltbelastung zu reduzieren und gleichzeitig die elektrische Mobilität zu fördern. Die ISO 7176-31:2023 setzt einen Maßstab für die Branche, da sie darauf abzielt, qualitativ hochwertige und verlässliche Produkte zu gewährleisten, die den Bedürfnissen der Nutzer optimal entsprechen. Mit den klar definierten Anforderungen zur Sicherheit und Leistung leistet die Norm einen entscheidenden Beitrag zur Verbreitung von Lithium-Ionen-Batterien in der Mobilitätshilfe-Branche und ist somit für Hersteller, Anbieter und Endverbraucher von erheblichem Wert.
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