ISO 7404-3:1994
(Main)Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite — Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite — Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition
Cancels and replaces the first edition (1984). Specifies a method of determining the proportions of the maceral groups (and the minerals if desired) in coals. Concerned only with determinations made on polished particulate blocks using reflected white light. Not concerned with the determination of the proportions of naturally occurring maceral associations.
Méthodes d'analyse pétrographique des charbons bitumineux et de l'anthracite — Partie 3: Détermination de la composition en groupes de macéraux
Metode petrografskih analiz bituminoznega premoga in antracita - 3. del: Določanje skupin maceralij
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ISO
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD 7404-3
Second edition
1994-10-01
Methods for the petrographic analysis of
and anthracite -
bituminous coal
Part 3:
nining maceral group
Method of deterr
composition
Mkthodes d ’analyse petrographique des charbons bitumineux et de
/ ‘an thracite -
Partie 3: Determination de Ia composition en groupes de mackraux
Reference number
ISO 7404-3:1994(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 7404-3: 1994(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 7404-3 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
(ISO 7404-3:1984), which has been technically revised.
ISO 7404 consists of the following Parts , under the general title Methods
for the pe trographic analysis of bitumino us coal and anthracite:
- Part 1: Vocabulary
- Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples
- Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition
- Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition
- Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite
Annex A of this part of ISO 7404 is for information only.
0 ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
63 ISO
ISO 7404=3:1994(ET)
Introduction
Petrographic analyses have been recognized internationally as important
in the context of the genesis, vertical and lateral Variation, continuity,
metamorphism and usage of coal. The International Committee for Coal
and Organic Petrology (ICCP) has made recommendations concerning no-
menclature and analytical methods and has published an extensive hand-
book describing in detail the characteristics of a wide range of coals. The
text of this part of ISO 7404 agrees substantially with the text of the
handbook and incorporates many useful comments made by members of
the ICCP and by member bodies of ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
Petrographic analyses of a Single coal provide information about the rank,
the maceral and microlithotype compositions and the distribution of min-
erals in the coal. The reflectance of vitrinite is a useful measure of coal
rank and the distribution of the reflectance of vitrinite in a coal blend, to-
gether with a maceral group analysis, tan provide information about some
important Chemical and technological properties of the blend.
ISO 7404 is concerned with the methods of petrographic analysis cur-
rently employed in characterizing bituminous coal and anthracite in the
context of their technological use. lt establishes a System for petrographic
analysis and comprises five Parts, as follows:
Part 1: Vocabulary.
Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples.
Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition.
Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition.
Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite.
. For information on the nomenclature and analysis of brown coals and
lignites, reference should be made to the International Handbook of Coal
Petrograph+ll published by the ICCP.
Macerals are microscopically recognizable organic constituents of coal,
and tan be grouped together into three maceral groups: vitrinite, liptinite
and inertinite.
Maceral groups and their subdivisions are listed in ISO 7404-1. The prop-
erties of a given coal are determined by the proportions and associations
of the macerals and minerals present and by the rank of the coal. The
method of determining maceral group composition described in this part
of ISO 7404 applies only to determinations made in reflected white light.
Further analysis by other techniques, such as fluorescence microscopy,
tan be used to assist in maceral identification.
. . .
Ill
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
0 ISO
ISO 7404-3: 1994(E)
In addition to the macerals, it is possible to identify certain minerals in coal
and these may either be determined as separate categories or be ignored.
As some of the minerals cannot be satisfactorily identified under the
microscope, an estimate of the total mineral matter content may be ob-
tained from the ash.
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 7404-3: 1994(E)
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous
coal and anthracite -
Part 3:
Method of determining maceral group composition
maintain registers of currently valid International
1 Scope
Standards.
This part of ISO 7404 specifies a method of deter-
ISO 7404-13 994, Methods for the petrographic
mining the proportions of the maceral groups (and the
analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 1:
minerals if desired) in coals. lt is concerned only with
Vocabulary.
determinations made on polished particulate blocks
using reflected white light. If needed, the proportions
ISO 7404-2:1985, Methods for the petrographic
of the individual macerals may be determined by the
analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 2:
same procedure. lt is not concerned with the deter-
Method of preparing coal samples.
mination of the proportions of naturally occurring
maceral associations (i.e. microlithotypes, see
ISO 7404-4:1988, Methods for the petrographic
I so 7404-4).
analysis o f bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 4:
Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite
and minerite composition.
2 Normative references
ISO 7404-5:1994, Methods for the petrographic
analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 5:
The following Standards contain provisions which,
the
Method of determining microscopically
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
reflectance of vitrinite.
of this part of ISO 7404. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject
to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this
3 Definitions
part of ISO 7404 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the For the purposes of this part of ISO 7404, the defi-
Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO nitions given in ISO 7404-1 apply.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 7404-3: 1994(E) 0 ISO
4 Principle
7 Preparation of coal Sample
A representative Sample of coal is used to prepare a
Prepare and polish a particulate block as described in
particulate block as described in ISO 7404-2. This is
ISO 7404-2.
examined using a reflected light microscope and the
maceral groups are identified under an immersion
medium by their relative reflectance, colour, size and
8 Procedure
morphology. Their propottions are determined by a
Point count procedure.
Adjust the microscope (6.1) for Köhler illumination.
Set up the levelled particulate block on the Stage,
5 Material
place the immersion medium (clause 5) on the sur-
face of the block, focus and observe the image in the
Immersion medium, having a suitable refractive
microscope. Identify the material lying under the
index and compatible with the microscope objective.
intersection of the crosslines and carry out the Point
NOTE 1 It is recommended that an oil with a refractive
count procedure as follows.
index of 1,518 0 as specified in ISO 7404-5 be used, es-
pecially if the reflectance of the macerals
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
01-februar-1998
0HWRGHSHWURJUDIVNLKDQDOL]ELWXPLQR]QHJDSUHPRJDLQDQWUDFLWDGHO
'RORþDQMHVNXSLQPDFHUDOLM
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite -- Part 3: Method
of determining maceral group composition
Méthodes d'analyse pétrographique des charbons bitumineux et de l'anthracite -- Partie
3: Détermination de la composition en groupes de macéraux
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 7404-3:1994
ICS:
73.040 Premogi Coals
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
ISO
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD 7404-3
Second edition
1994-10-01
Methods for the petrographic analysis of
and anthracite -
bituminous coal
Part 3:
nining maceral group
Method of deterr
composition
Mkthodes d ’analyse petrographique des charbons bitumineux et de
/ ‘an thracite -
Partie 3: Determination de Ia composition en groupes de mackraux
Reference number
ISO 7404-3:1994(E)
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
ISO 7404-3: 1994(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 7404-3 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
(ISO 7404-3:1984), which has been technically revised.
ISO 7404 consists of the following Parts , under the general title Methods
for the pe trographic analysis of bitumino us coal and anthracite:
- Part 1: Vocabulary
- Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples
- Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition
- Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition
- Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite
Annex A of this part of ISO 7404 is for information only.
0 ISO 1994
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
63 ISO
ISO 7404=3:1994(ET)
Introduction
Petrographic analyses have been recognized internationally as important
in the context of the genesis, vertical and lateral Variation, continuity,
metamorphism and usage of coal. The International Committee for Coal
and Organic Petrology (ICCP) has made recommendations concerning no-
menclature and analytical methods and has published an extensive hand-
book describing in detail the characteristics of a wide range of coals. The
text of this part of ISO 7404 agrees substantially with the text of the
handbook and incorporates many useful comments made by members of
the ICCP and by member bodies of ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels.
Petrographic analyses of a Single coal provide information about the rank,
the maceral and microlithotype compositions and the distribution of min-
erals in the coal. The reflectance of vitrinite is a useful measure of coal
rank and the distribution of the reflectance of vitrinite in a coal blend, to-
gether with a maceral group analysis, tan provide information about some
important Chemical and technological properties of the blend.
ISO 7404 is concerned with the methods of petrographic analysis cur-
rently employed in characterizing bituminous coal and anthracite in the
context of their technological use. lt establishes a System for petrographic
analysis and comprises five Parts, as follows:
Part 1: Vocabulary.
Part 2: Method of preparing coal samples.
Part 3: Method of determining maceral group composition.
Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and
minerite composition.
Part 5: Method of determining microscopically the reflectance of
vitrinite.
. For information on the nomenclature and analysis of brown coals and
lignites, reference should be made to the International Handbook of Coal
Petrograph+ll published by the ICCP.
Macerals are microscopically recognizable organic constituents of coal,
and tan be grouped together into three maceral groups: vitrinite, liptinite
and inertinite.
Maceral groups and their subdivisions are listed in ISO 7404-1. The prop-
erties of a given coal are determined by the proportions and associations
of the macerals and minerals present and by the rank of the coal. The
method of determining maceral group composition described in this part
of ISO 7404 applies only to determinations made in reflected white light.
Further analysis by other techniques, such as fluorescence microscopy,
tan be used to assist in maceral identification.
. . .
Ill
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
0 ISO
ISO 7404-3: 1994(E)
In addition to the macerals, it is possible to identify certain minerals in coal
and these may either be determined as separate categories or be ignored.
As some of the minerals cannot be satisfactorily identified under the
microscope, an estimate of the total mineral matter content may be ob-
tained from the ash.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 7404-3: 1994(E)
Methods for the petrographic analysis of bituminous
coal and anthracite -
Part 3:
Method of determining maceral group composition
maintain registers of currently valid International
1 Scope
Standards.
This part of ISO 7404 specifies a method of deter-
ISO 7404-13 994, Methods for the petrographic
mining the proportions of the maceral groups (and the
analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 1:
minerals if desired) in coals. lt is concerned only with
Vocabulary.
determinations made on polished particulate blocks
using reflected white light. If needed, the proportions
ISO 7404-2:1985, Methods for the petrographic
of the individual macerals may be determined by the
analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 2:
same procedure. lt is not concerned with the deter-
Method of preparing coal samples.
mination of the proportions of naturally occurring
maceral associations (i.e. microlithotypes, see
ISO 7404-4:1988, Methods for the petrographic
I so 7404-4).
analysis o f bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 4:
Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite
and minerite composition.
2 Normative references
ISO 7404-5:1994, Methods for the petrographic
analysis of bituminous coal and anthracite - Part 5:
The following Standards contain provisions which,
the
Method of determining microscopically
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
reflectance of vitrinite.
of this part of ISO 7404. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject
to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this
3 Definitions
part of ISO 7404 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the For the purposes of this part of ISO 7404, the defi-
Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO nitions given in ISO 7404-1 apply.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 7404-3:1998
ISO 7404-3: 1994(E) 0 ISO
4 Principle
7 Preparation of coal Sample
A representative Sample of coal is used to prepare a
Prepare and polish a particulate block as described in
particulate block as described in ISO 7404-2. This is
ISO 7404-2.
examined using a reflected light microscope and the
maceral groups are identified under an immersion
medium by their relative reflectance, colour, size and
8 Procedure
morphology. Their propottions are determined by a
Point count procedure.
Adj
...
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