ISO 18910:2000
(Main)Imaging materials — Photographic film and paper —- Determination of curl
Imaging materials — Photographic film and paper —- Determination of curl
This International Standard specifies methods for determining and quantitatively expressing the curl characteristics of unprocessed and processed photographic film and paper in sheet, roll or strip formats. It specifies three measuring methods: method A involves the determination of curl when the specimen is held in a vertical position, methods B and C with the specimen in a horizontal position. The values for the three methods are not comparable because of the differences in specimen configuration and size. These methods are not intended for use in determining the curl characteristics of photographic materials during processing or drying.
Matériaux pour l'image — Films et papiers photographiques — Détermination de l'incurvation
Upodobitveni materiali - Fotografski film in papir - Ugotavljanje zvijanja
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18910
First edition
2000-05-15
Imaging materials — Photographic film and
paper — Determination of curl
Matériaux pour l'image — Films et papiers photographiques —
Détermination de l'incurvation
Reference number
ISO 18910:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 18910:2000(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2000
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 734 10 79
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 18910:2000(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
1 Scope .1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Sampling and conditioning.3
4 Test method A.3
5 Test method B.4
6 Test method C.7
7 Test report .7
Annex A (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards.9
Bibliography.11
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 18910:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %. of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 18910 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This first edition cancels and replaces the third edition of ISO 4330:1994, of which it constitutes a minor revision.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18910:2000(E)
Imaging materials — Photographic film and paper —
Determination of curl
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for determining and quantitatively expressing the curl characteristics
of unprocessed and processed photographic film and paper in sheet, roll or strip formats.
It specifies three measuring methods: method A involves the determination of curl when the specimen is held in a
vertical position, methods B and C with the specimen in a horizontal position. The values for the three methods are
not comparable because of the differences in specimen configuration and size.
These methods are not intended for use in determining the curl characteristics of photographic materials during
processing or drying.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
curl
departure from physical flatness and characterized with respect to curl direction (L, T, D or C), curl sign (+ or –) and
curl value
This flatness defect is evident by a tendency of film or paper to coil into a cylindrical shape.
2.2
curl direction
means of identifying by letter L, T, D or C the direction of curl about a specific axis of a specimen corresponding to
that of the sample from which it is taken
SeeFigure1.
NOTE
L represents "lengthwise curl" about the axis perpendicular to the length or machine direction of the specimen for rolls
or to the longer specimen dimension for sheets; an alternative approach when the machine direction is not known is
to reference the curl direction to a film notch, if present
T represents "transverse curl" about the axis parallel to the length or machine direction of the specimen
D represents "diagonal curl" about the diagonal of the specimen
C represents "cupping" when all four corners of the specimen are raised and bent towards the centre of the specimen
2.3
curl sign
mathematical sign, + or –, used to indicate the direction of curl which, if toward the emulsion (sensitized) side
(emulsion-in) is plus (+), or if toward the base (emulsion-out) is minus (–)
NOTE Thesignisalwaysplusformaterialssensitizedonbothsurfaces.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 18910:2000(E)
Key
1 Cross-machine direction or widthwise direction
2 Machine direction or lengthwise direction
3 Transverse curl (T curl)
4 Longitudinal curl (L curl)
5 Diagonal curl (D curl)
6 Cupping curl (C curl)
Figure 1 — Curl direction
2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 18910:2000(E)
3 Sampling and conditioning
3.1 Selection of samples
Material intended for curl tests shall be representative of the whole of the samples being tested, exhibit no obvious
physical defects, be handled in the same manner as in actual use, and be treated uniformly.
When different materials are to be compared, they shall have been subjected to the same relative-humidity history
for similar times.
The machine direction shall be indicated, if known, by crayon or ink marking.
3.2 Handling of specimens
Prepare specimens under controlled relative-humidity conditions, and then separate them into groups which are to
be subjected to different atmospheric conditions.
Wear cotton or other suitable gloves or use pincers while handling specimens. Moisture from hands or fingers will
reduce the accuracy of test data. The operator shall take care not to breath on the specimens.
3.3 Conditioning of specimens
Condition specimens at the chosen relative humidity until practical moisture equilibrium has been reached. In most
instances, this time will be about 2 h for photographic films, 1 d for photographic fibrebase papers and 7 d for RC
(resin coated) papers. At relative humidities of 70 % and above, films and papers sometimes undergo an
irreversible change in curl with time. For this reason, the conditioning time must be standardized for comparison
purposes.
Excessive conditioning times may result in a curl decrease due to relaxation effects.
Suspend the specimens freely by means of a hook or a rod through a hole close to the centre of one edge, and
separate enough to prevent contact with each other. Hang square specimens with the axis of curl vertical to avoid
producing distortion. An alternative method of support is to place specimens horizontally on net-covered or screen-
covered racks spaced so that there is free circulation of air.
3.4 Test conditions
o o
A temperature of 23 C � 2 C is specified. Relative humidities of 15 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 85 % are suggested
but are not mandatory. Tests can be conducted in glove boxes or in conditioned rooms; the latter are preferable
since they can provide better humidity control.
The curl value may be influenced by the moisture history of the material. This may be standardized by an initial
preconditioning step at 50 % relative humidity.
4 Test method A
4.1 Field of application
This method is intended mainly for samples of film or paper in sheet form or in rolls which do not show cupping, but
curl in only the L, T or D directions.
4.2 Specimen size
Prepare at least three square specimens, measuring from 50 mm x 50 mm to 100 mm x 100 mm, from each
sample to be tested. Alternatively, circular specimens measuring from 50 mm to 100 mm in diameter can be used.
Indicate the machine direction, if known.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 18910:2000(E)
For analytical purposes, or for specimens that show cupping or varying curl along the length
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 18910:2004
01-december-2004
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ISO 4330:1997
Upodobitveni materiali - Fotografski film in papir - Ugotavljanje zvijanja
Imaging materials - Photographic film and paper - Determination of curl
Matériaux pour l'image - Films et papiers photographiques - Détermination de
l'incurvation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 18910:2000
ICS:
37.040.20 )RWRJUDIVNLSDSLUILOPLLQ Photographic paper, films
IRWRJUDIVNHSORãþH)LOPVNL and cartridges
]YLWNL
SIST ISO 18910:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18910
First edition
2000-05-15
Imaging materials — Photographic film and
paper — Determination of curl
Matériaux pour l'image — Films et papiers photographiques —
Détermination de l'incurvation
Reference number
ISO 18910:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
ISO 18910:2000(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2000
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 � CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 734 10 79
E-mail copyright@iso.ch
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
ISO 18910:2000(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
1 Scope .1
2 Terms and definitions .1
3 Sampling and conditioning.3
4 Test method A.3
5 Test method B.4
6 Test method C.7
7 Test report .7
Annex A (informative) Numbering system for related International Standards.9
Bibliography.11
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
ISO 18910:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 %. of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 18910 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This first edition cancels and replaces the third edition of ISO 4330:1994, of which it constitutes a minor revision.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.
iv © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18910:2000(E)
Imaging materials — Photographic film and paper —
Determination of curl
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for determining and quantitatively expressing the curl characteristics
of unprocessed and processed photographic film and paper in sheet, roll or strip formats.
It specifies three measuring methods: method A involves the determination of curl when the specimen is held in a
vertical position, methods B and C with the specimen in a horizontal position. The values for the three methods are
not comparable because of the differences in specimen configuration and size.
These methods are not intended for use in determining the curl characteristics of photographic materials during
processing or drying.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
curl
departure from physical flatness and characterized with respect to curl direction (L, T, D or C), curl sign (+ or –) and
curl value
This flatness defect is evident by a tendency of film or paper to coil into a cylindrical shape.
2.2
curl direction
means of identifying by letter L, T, D or C the direction of curl about a specific axis of a specimen corresponding to
that of the sample from which it is taken
SeeFigure1.
NOTE
L represents "lengthwise curl" about the axis perpendicular to the length or machine direction of the specimen for rolls
or to the longer specimen dimension for sheets; an alternative approach when the machine direction is not known is
to reference the curl direction to a film notch, if present
T represents "transverse curl" about the axis parallel to the length or machine direction of the specimen
D represents "diagonal curl" about the diagonal of the specimen
C represents "cupping" when all four corners of the specimen are raised and bent towards the centre of the specimen
2.3
curl sign
mathematical sign, + or –, used to indicate the direction of curl which, if toward the emulsion (sensitized) side
(emulsion-in) is plus (+), or if toward the base (emulsion-out) is minus (–)
NOTE Thesignisalwaysplusformaterialssensitizedonbothsurfaces.
© ISO 2000 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
ISO 18910:2000(E)
Key
1 Cross-machine direction or widthwise direction
2 Machine direction or lengthwise direction
3 Transverse curl (T curl)
4 Longitudinal curl (L curl)
5 Diagonal curl (D curl)
6 Cupping curl (C curl)
Figure 1 — Curl direction
2 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ISO 18910:2004
ISO 18910:2000(E)
3 Sampling and conditioning
3.1 Selection of samples
Material intended for curl tests shall be representative of the whole of the samples being tested, exhibit no obvious
physical defects, be handled in the same manner as in actual use, and be treated uniformly.
When different materials are to be compared, they shall have been subjected to the same relative-humidity history
for similar times.
The machine direction shall be indicated, if known, by crayon or ink marking.
3.2 Handling of specimens
Prepare specimens under controlled relative-humidity conditions, and then separate them into groups which are to
be subjected to different atmospheric conditions.
Wear cotton or other suitable gloves or use pincers while handling specimens. Moisture from hands or fingers will
reduce the accuracy of test data. The operator shall take care not to breath on the specimens.
3.3 Conditioning of specimens
Condition specimens at the chosen relative humidity until practical moisture equilibrium has been reached. In most
instances, this time will be about 2 h for photographic films, 1 d for photographic fibrebase papers and 7 d for RC
(resin coated) papers. At relative humidities of 70 % and above, films and papers sometimes undergo an
irreversible change in curl with time. For this reason, the conditioning time must be standardized for comparison
purposes.
Excessive conditioning times may result in a curl decrease due to relaxation effects.
Suspend the specimens freely by means of a hook or a rod through a hole close to the centre of one edge, and
separate enough to prevent contact with each other. Hang square specimens with the axis of curl vertical to avoid
producing distortion. An alternative method of support is to place specimens horizontally on net-covered or screen-
covered racks spaced so that there is free circulation of air.
3.4 Test conditions
o o
A temperature of 23 C � 2 C is specified. Relative humidities of 15 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 85 % are suggested
but are not mandatory. Tests can be conducted in glove boxes or in conditioned rooms; the latter are preferable
since they can provide better humidity control.
The curl value may be influenced by the moisture history of the material. This may be standardized by an initial
preconditioning step at 50 % relative humidity.
4 Test method A
4.1 Field of application
This method is intended mainly for samples of film or paper in sheet form or in rolls which do not show cupping, but
curl in only the L, T or D directions.
4.2 Specimen size
Prepare at
...
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