ISO/IEC 14496-1:2010
(Main)Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 1: Systems
Information technology — Coding of audio-visual objects — Part 1: Systems
ISO/IEC 14496-1:2010 specifies system level functionalities for the communication of interactive audio-visual scenes, i.e. the coded representation of information related to the management of data streams (synchronization, identification, description and association of stream content).
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels — Partie 1: Systèmes
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 14496-1
Fourth edition
2010-06-01
Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects —
Part 1:
Systems
Technologies de l'information — Codage des objets audiovisuels —
Partie 1: Systèmes
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2010
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ii © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
0 Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Additional references.2
4 Terms and definitions .2
5 Abbreviated terms .10
6 Conventions.11
7 Streaming Framework.11
8 Syntactic Description Language.99
9 Profiles.110
Annex A (informative) Time Base Reconstruction .112
Annex B (informative) Registration procedure .115
Annex C (informative) The QoS Management Model for ISO/IEC 14496 Content.119
Annex D (informative) Conversion Between Time and Date Conventions .120
Annex E (informative) Graphical Representation of Object Descriptor and Sync Layer Syntax.122
Annex F (informative) Elementary Stream Interface.130
Annex G (informative) Upstream Walkthrough.132
Annex H (informative) Scene and Object Description Carrousel.137
Annex I (normative) Usage of ITU-T Recommendation H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC .138
Annex J (informative) Patent statements .141
Bibliography.144
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 14496-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO/IEC 14496-1:2004), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates the Amendments ISO/IEC 14496-1:2004/Amd.1:2005,
ISO/IEC 14496-1:2004/Amd.2:2007, ISO/IEC 14496-1:2004/Amd.3:2007 and Technical Corrigenda
ISO/IEC 14496-1:2004/Cor.1:2006 and ISO/IEC 14496-1:2004/Cor.2:2007.
ISO/IEC 14496 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Coding of
audio-visual objects:
⎯ Part 1: Systems
⎯ Part 2: Visual
⎯ Part 3: Audio
⎯ Part 4: Conformance testing
⎯ Part 5: Reference software
⎯ Part 6: Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework (DMIF)
⎯ Part 7: Optimized reference software for coding of audio-visual objects
⎯ Part 8: Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 contents over IP networks
⎯ Part 9: Reference hardware description
⎯ Part 10: Advanced Video Coding
⎯ Part 11: Scene description and application engine
⎯ Part 12: ISO base media file format
⎯ Part 13: Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) extensions
iv © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved
⎯ Part 14: MP4 file format
⎯ Part 15: Advanced Video Coding (AVC) file format
⎯ Part 16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX)
⎯ Part 17: Streaming text format
⎯ Part 18: Font compression and streaming
⎯ Part 19: Synthesized texture stream
⎯ Part 20: Lightweight Application Scene Representation (LASeR) and Simple Aggregation Format (SAF)
⎯ Part 21: MPEG-J Graphics Framework eXtensions (GFX)
⎯ Part 22: Open Font Format
⎯ Part 23: Symbolic Music Representation
⎯ Part 24: Audio and systems interaction
⎯ Part 25: 3D Graphics Compression Model
⎯ Part 26: Audio conformance
⎯ Part 27: 3D Graphics conformance
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved v
0 Introduction
0.1 Overview
ISO/IEC 14496 specifies a system for the communication of interactive audio-visual scenes. This specification
includes the following elements.
a) The coded representation of natural or synthetic, two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) objects
that can be manifested audibly and/or visually (audio-visual objects) (specified in Parts 2, 3, 10, 11, 16,
19, 20, 23 and 25 of ISO/IEC 14496).
b) The coded representation of the spatio-temporal positioning of audio-visual objects as well as their
behavior in response to interaction (scene description, specified in Parts 11 and 20 of ISO/IEC 14496).
c) The coded representation of information related to the management of data streams (synchronization,
identification, description and association of stream content, specified in this Part and in Part 24 of
ISO/IEC 14496).
d) A generic interface to the data stream delivery layer functionality (specified in Part 6 of ISO/IEC 14496).
e) An application engine for programmatic control of the player: format, delivery of downloadable Java byte
code as well as its execution lifecycle and behavior through APIs (specified in Parts 11 and 21 of
ISO/IEC 14496).
f) A file format to contain the media information of an ISO/IEC 14496 presentation in a flexible, extensible
format to facilitate interchange, management, editing, and presentation of the media specified in Part 12
(ISO File Format), Part 14 (MP4 File Format) and Part 15 (AVC File Format) of ISO/IEC 14496.
g) The coded representation of font data and of information related to the management of text streams and
font data streams (specified in Parts 17, 18 and 22 of ISO/IEC 14496).
The overall operation of a system communicating audio-visual scenes can be paraphrased as follows:
At the sending terminal, the audio-visual scene information is compressed, supplemented with
synchronization information and passed to a delivery layer that multiplexes it into one or more coded binary
streams that are transmitted or stored. At the receiving terminal, these streams are demultiplexed and
decompressed. The audio-visual objects are composed according to the scene description and
synchronization information and presented to the end user. The end user may have the option to interact with
this presentation. Interaction information can be processed locally or transmitted back to the sending terminal.
ISO/IEC 14496 defines the syntax and semantics of the bitstreams that convey such scene information, as
well as the details of their decoding processes.
This part of ISO/IEC 14496 specifies the following tools.
⎯ A terminal model for time and buffer management.
⎯ A coded representation of metadata for the identification, description and logical dependencies of the
elementary streams (object descriptors and other descriptors).
⎯ A coded representation of descriptive audio-visual content information [object content information (OCI)].
⎯ An interface to intellectual property management and protection (IPMP) systems.
⎯ A coded representation of synchronization information (sync layer – SL).
⎯ A multiplexed representation of individual elementary streams in a single stream (M4Mux).
vi © ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved
These various elements are described functionally in this clause and specified in the normative clauses that
follow.
0.2 Architecture
The information representation specified in ISO/IEC 14496 describes the means to create an interactive
audio-visual scene in terms of coded audio-visual information and associated scene description information.
The entity that composes and sends, or receives and presents such a coded representation of an interactive
audio-visual scene is generically referred to as an “audio-visual terminal” or just “terminal”. This terminal may
correspond to a stand-alone application or be part of an application system.
Display and
User
Interaction
Interactive Audiovisual
Scene
Composition and Rendering
Upstream Compression
...
Information
Layer
Scene
Object
AV Object
Description
Descriptor
data
Information
Elementary Streams
Elementary Stream Interface
SL SL SL SL SL SL
...
Sync
Layer
SL
SL-Packetized Streams
DMIF Application Interface
M4Mux M4Mux M4Mux
Delivery
Layer
(PES) (RTP)
AAL2 H223 DAB
MPEG-2 UDP
...
ATM PSTN Mux
TS IP
Multiplexed Streams
Transmission/Storage Medium
Figure 1 — The ISO/IEC 14496 Terminal Architecture
© ISO/IEC 2010 – All rights reserved vii
The basic operations performed by such a receiver terminal are as follows. Information that allows access to
content complying with ISO/IEC 14496 is provided as initial session set up information to the terminal. Part 6
of ISO/IEC 14496 defines the procedures for establishing such session contexts as well as the interface to the
delivery layer that generically abstracts the storage or transport medium. The initial set up information allows,
in a recursive manner, to locate one or more elementary streams that are part of the coded content
representation. Some of these elementary streams may be grouped together using the multiplexing tool
described in ISO/IEC 14496-1.
Elementary streams contain the coded representation of either audio or visual data or scene description
information or user interaction data or text or font data. Elementary streams may as well themselves convey
information to identify streams, to describe logical dependencies between streams, or to describe information
related to the content of the streams. Each elementary stream contains only one type of data.
Elementary streams are decoded using their respective stream-specific decoders. The audio-visual objects
are composed according to the scene description information and presented by the terminal's presentation
device(s). All these processes are synchronized according to the systems decoder model (SDM) using the
synchronization information provided at the synchronization layer.
These basic operations are depicted in Figure 1, and are described in more detail below.
0.3 Terminal Model: Systems Decoder Model
The systems decoder model provides an abstract view of the behavior of a terminal complying with
ISO/IEC 14496-1. Its purpose is to enable a sending terminal to predict how the receiving terminal will behave
in terms of buffer manageme
...
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