ISO 37159:2019
(Main)Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation for rapid transit in and between large city zones and their surrounding areas
Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation for rapid transit in and between large city zones and their surrounding areas
This document specifies a procedure to organize smart transportation that enables one-day trips by citizens between cities and in a large city zone, including its surrounding areas, and conveys a large number of people at a high frequency in a short time over distances of up to 1 000 km. Smart transportation aims to promote political and economic work and stimulate business activity by providing citizens with a manner of travel to complete a return trip from their home or place of work to destinations outside their cities on the same day. However, this document does not designate a procedure for constructing smart transportation facilities. NOTE "One-day trip" means travel from an origin to a destination and back to the origin on the same day. The purpose of such travel is out of the scope of this document.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37159
First edition
2019-05
Smart community infrastructures —
Smart transportation for rapid transit
in and between large city zones and
their surrounding areas
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concept of smart transportation for rapid transit . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Applicable city issues . 2
5 Adoption of smart transportation for rapid transit . 3
5.1 Objectives. 3
5.2 Target area . 3
5.3 Applicable transportation modes for smart transportation . 3
5.4 Requirements for smart transportation. 3
5.4.1 General. 3
5.4.2 Customer satisfaction . 3
5.4.3 Safety . 4
5.4.4 Efficiency of operation and services . 4
5.5 Selection of a transportation mode for smart transportation . 5
5.6 Installation of smart transportation . 5
6 Maintenance of the quality of smart transportation for rapid transit .5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Parameters to be observed . 5
6.3 Modification of smart transportation. 5
Annex A (informative) Examples of smart transportation that works as rapid transit services .7
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
A megalopolis is a huge city zone covering a number of large and medium-sized cities, normally including
a national capital, where political and economic functions and business activities are concentrated. The
original megalopolis is the area located on the east coast of the United States, from Boston down to New
York and Washington DC, which is known as BosWash. In Europe, the area covering London, Brussels
and Paris is informally called Blue Banana. In Asia, the zone covering Tokyo and Osaka in Japan is known
as the Tokaido Megalopolis. These three megalopolises have populations of 52 million, 100 million and
67 million, respectively, and include national capitals and commercial and industrial cities, as well as
academic, scientific and educational facilities.
Huge numbers of people travel, including commuting, to and from cities and their surrounding areas
in a megalopolis on a frequent or daily basis. To meet their needs and provide suitable transportation
services, rapid surface transit systems have been developed, including highway buses and trains on
enhanced rail tracks. The effectiveness of each mode of transport depends on the travel distance
and the number of passengers. Highway buses are convenient for travel distances of up to 200 km.
For distances of up to 1 000 km, high-speed rail (HSR) provides easy and rapid transit and has been
developed and introduced in response to demand in these megalopolises, including for the purposes
of inter-city commuting of less than 200 km. HSR uses trains with a large capacity which can reach
speeds of over 200 km/h. Such trains run directly into city centres, removing the need for passengers
to change services, and offer a high frequency of service, all for a relatively low price. This has proved
very popular with residents in these megalopolises, as shown in Annex A.
HSR has been transporting large numbers of people quickly and frequently between cities worldwide
for over 50 years. As of April 2015, HSR conveys 1 600 million people per year on service lines of
29 792 km in a total in 10 countries, utilizing 3 603 train sets. This indicates that HSR is a successful
rapid transit system for people, especially in megalopolises. By installing HSR in megalopolises or on a
route connecting a megalopolis and other cities outside this area, the rapid transit of people can easily
be achieved and managed, resulting in short travel times that facilitate both political and economic
work and promote commercial business. Using such transportation is one solution to a typical city
issue in a megalopolis.
Highway bus transportation systems have also been established as highway networks have been
extended. Among the benefits of such systems is the ease of planning service routes and schedules, as
well as the actual start-up of such bus transportation services, since these companies do not need to
prepare extensive and expensive physical facilities such as those required for HSR operations, namely
railroad tracks and civil engineering structures, that are built and financed by rail companies at their
own or government expense. It is also easy to change both service frequency and routes according to
passenger flow. Therefore, highway buses can be an effective means of quickly conveying people for a
distance of less than 200 km by optimizing the transport capacity between cities.
Another benefit of highway bus and HSR services is that they convey citizens in large numbers as a
“lot.” This reduces citizens’ travel expenses; in fact, using personal transportation (driving personal
vehicles on public roads) can cost 20 times as much as using highway buses or HSR. Lot transportation
also results in much lower CO emissions than in cities where only personal transportation is used.
These two transportation modes, highway buses and HSR, are examples of indispensable smart
transportation for megalopolises which have specific issues regarding cost-effective, accessible and
user-friendly transport for travellers.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37159:2019(E)
Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation
for rapid transit in and between large city zones and their
surrounding areas
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure to organize smart transportation that enables one-day trips by
citizens between cities and in a large city zone, including its surrounding areas, and conveys a large
number of people at a high frequency in a short time over distances of up to 1 000 km.
Smart transportation aims to promote political and economic work and stimulate business activity
by providing citizens with a manner of travel to complete a return trip from their home or place of
work to destinations outside their cities on the same day. However, this document does not designate a
procedure for constructing smart transportation facilities.
NOTE “One-day trip” means travel from an origin to a destination and back to the origin on the same day.
The purpose of such travel is out of the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
large city zone
area that includes large cities connected or related for political or economic reasons
Note 1 to entry: A large city zone holds a single core city and its surrounding areas, while a megalopolis is still
a large city zone but holds more than one core city and their surrounding areas to form a belt-like area. Typical
large city zones include Paris, Tokyo, Jakarta, Bangkok and Manila.
Note 2 to entry: In a megalopolis, over half of the national or regional population is concentrated or localized
where one-day trips are required therein due to business, economic and political communication and activities.
Typical megalopolises include BosWash (USA), Blue Banana (Europe) and the Tokaido Megalopolis (Japan).
3.2
highway bus
transportation to convey people with buses operated on fixed service routes, on which highways are
fully or partly incorporated
3.3
high-speed rail
transportation to convey people with high-capacity trains at a high frequency in a short time over long
distances
Note 1 to entry: High
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37159
First edition
2019-05
Smart community infrastructures —
Smart transportation for rapid transit
in and between large city zones and
their surrounding areas
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Concept of smart transportation for rapid transit . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Applicable city issues . 2
5 Adoption of smart transportation for rapid transit . 3
5.1 Objectives. 3
5.2 Target area . 3
5.3 Applicable transportation modes for smart transportation . 3
5.4 Requirements for smart transportation. 3
5.4.1 General. 3
5.4.2 Customer satisfaction . 3
5.4.3 Safety . 4
5.4.4 Efficiency of operation and services . 4
5.5 Selection of a transportation mode for smart transportation . 5
5.6 Installation of smart transportation . 5
6 Maintenance of the quality of smart transportation for rapid transit .5
6.1 General . 5
6.2 Parameters to be observed . 5
6.3 Modification of smart transportation. 5
Annex A (informative) Examples of smart transportation that works as rapid transit services .7
Bibliography . 9
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
A megalopolis is a huge city zone covering a number of large and medium-sized cities, normally including
a national capital, where political and economic functions and business activities are concentrated. The
original megalopolis is the area located on the east coast of the United States, from Boston down to New
York and Washington DC, which is known as BosWash. In Europe, the area covering London, Brussels
and Paris is informally called Blue Banana. In Asia, the zone covering Tokyo and Osaka in Japan is known
as the Tokaido Megalopolis. These three megalopolises have populations of 52 million, 100 million and
67 million, respectively, and include national capitals and commercial and industrial cities, as well as
academic, scientific and educational facilities.
Huge numbers of people travel, including commuting, to and from cities and their surrounding areas
in a megalopolis on a frequent or daily basis. To meet their needs and provide suitable transportation
services, rapid surface transit systems have been developed, including highway buses and trains on
enhanced rail tracks. The effectiveness of each mode of transport depends on the travel distance
and the number of passengers. Highway buses are convenient for travel distances of up to 200 km.
For distances of up to 1 000 km, high-speed rail (HSR) provides easy and rapid transit and has been
developed and introduced in response to demand in these megalopolises, including for the purposes
of inter-city commuting of less than 200 km. HSR uses trains with a large capacity which can reach
speeds of over 200 km/h. Such trains run directly into city centres, removing the need for passengers
to change services, and offer a high frequency of service, all for a relatively low price. This has proved
very popular with residents in these megalopolises, as shown in Annex A.
HSR has been transporting large numbers of people quickly and frequently between cities worldwide
for over 50 years. As of April 2015, HSR conveys 1 600 million people per year on service lines of
29 792 km in a total in 10 countries, utilizing 3 603 train sets. This indicates that HSR is a successful
rapid transit system for people, especially in megalopolises. By installing HSR in megalopolises or on a
route connecting a megalopolis and other cities outside this area, the rapid transit of people can easily
be achieved and managed, resulting in short travel times that facilitate both political and economic
work and promote commercial business. Using such transportation is one solution to a typical city
issue in a megalopolis.
Highway bus transportation systems have also been established as highway networks have been
extended. Among the benefits of such systems is the ease of planning service routes and schedules, as
well as the actual start-up of such bus transportation services, since these companies do not need to
prepare extensive and expensive physical facilities such as those required for HSR operations, namely
railroad tracks and civil engineering structures, that are built and financed by rail companies at their
own or government expense. It is also easy to change both service frequency and routes according to
passenger flow. Therefore, highway buses can be an effective means of quickly conveying people for a
distance of less than 200 km by optimizing the transport capacity between cities.
Another benefit of highway bus and HSR services is that they convey citizens in large numbers as a
“lot.” This reduces citizens’ travel expenses; in fact, using personal transportation (driving personal
vehicles on public roads) can cost 20 times as much as using highway buses or HSR. Lot transportation
also results in much lower CO emissions than in cities where only personal transportation is used.
These two transportation modes, highway buses and HSR, are examples of indispensable smart
transportation for megalopolises which have specific issues regarding cost-effective, accessible and
user-friendly transport for travellers.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37159:2019(E)
Smart community infrastructures — Smart transportation
for rapid transit in and between large city zones and their
surrounding areas
1 Scope
This document specifies a procedure to organize smart transportation that enables one-day trips by
citizens between cities and in a large city zone, including its surrounding areas, and conveys a large
number of people at a high frequency in a short time over distances of up to 1 000 km.
Smart transportation aims to promote political and economic work and stimulate business activity
by providing citizens with a manner of travel to complete a return trip from their home or place of
work to destinations outside their cities on the same day. However, this document does not designate a
procedure for constructing smart transportation facilities.
NOTE “One-day trip” means travel from an origin to a destination and back to the origin on the same day.
The purpose of such travel is out of the scope of this document.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1
large city zone
area that includes large cities connected or related for political or economic reasons
Note 1 to entry: A large city zone holds a single core city and its surrounding areas, while a megalopolis is still
a large city zone but holds more than one core city and their surrounding areas to form a belt-like area. Typical
large city zones include Paris, Tokyo, Jakarta, Bangkok and Manila.
Note 2 to entry: In a megalopolis, over half of the national or regional population is concentrated or localized
where one-day trips are required therein due to business, economic and political communication and activities.
Typical megalopolises include BosWash (USA), Blue Banana (Europe) and the Tokaido Megalopolis (Japan).
3.2
highway bus
transportation to convey people with buses operated on fixed service routes, on which highways are
fully or partly incorporated
3.3
high-speed rail
transportation to convey people with high-capacity trains at a high frequency in a short time over long
distances
Note 1 to entry: High
...
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