ISO 26324:2022
(Main)Information and documentation — Digital object identifier system
Information and documentation — Digital object identifier system
This document specifies the syntax, description and resolution functional components of the digital object identifier system. It specifies the general principles for the creation, registration and administration of DOI names (where DOI is an initialism for “digital object identifier”). This document defines the syntax for a DOI name, which is used for the identification of an object of any material form (digital or physical) or an abstraction (such as a textual work) where there is a functional need to distinguish it from other objects. The DOI name does not replace, nor is it an alternative for, an identifier used in another scheme, such as the schemes defined by ISO/TC 46/SC 9. This document describes how the DOI system can be used in conjunction with another identifier scheme (for example, to provide additional functionality, such as resolution, where this is not already available), and how the character string of that other scheme can be integrated into the DOI system through the DOI metadata record or the DOI syntax or both. This document does not specify particular technologies to implement the syntax, description and resolution functional components of the digital object identifier system.
Information et documentation — Système d'identifiant numérique d'objet
Informatika in dokumentacija - Sistem identifikatorjev digitalnega objekta
Ta dokument določa skladnjo, opis in ločljivost funkcionalnih sestavnih delov sistema identifikatorjev digitalnega objekta. Določa splošna načela za oblikovanje, registracijo in upravljanje imen DOI (DOI je kratica za »identifikator digitalnega objekta«).
Ta dokument določa skladnjo imena DOI, ki se uporablja za identifikacijo objekta v kakršni koli materialni (digitalni ali fizični) ali abstraktni obliki (kot je besedilo), kadar obstaja funkcionalna potreba po njenem razločevanju od drugih objektov.
Ime DOI ne nadomešča in ni alternativa za identifikator, ki se uporablja v drugi shemi, kot so sheme iz standarda ISO/TC 46/SC 9. Ta dokument opisuje, kako se sistem DOI lahko uporablja skupaj z drugo identifikacijsko shemo (da se na primer zagotovi dodatna funkcionalnost, kot je ločljivost, kjer še ni na voljo), in kako se lahko niz znakov druge sheme vključi v sistem DOI prek zapisa metapodatkov DOI ali skladnje DOI oziroma obojega.
Ta dokument ne določa posebnih tehnologij za implementacijo skladnje, opisa in ločljivosti funkcionalnih sestavnih delov sistema identifikatorjev digitalnega objekta.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 26324:2013
Informatika in dokumentacija - Sistem identifikatorjev digitalnega objekta
Information and documentation -- Digital object identifier system
Information et documentation -- Système d'identifiant numérique d'objet
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 26324:2022
ICS:
01.140.20 Informacijske vede Information sciences
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 26324
Second edition
2022-08
Information and documentation —
Digital object identifier system
Information et documentation — Système d'identifiant numérique
d'objet
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 DOI name . 3
4.1 Syntax . 3
4.1.1 General characteristics . 3
4.1.2 DOI prefix . 4
4.1.3 DOI suffix . 5
4.2 Visual presentation and other representation of DOI names . 5
4.2.1 Screen and print presentation . 5
4.2.2 URI presentation . 5
4.2.3 Other representations . 6
5 Assignment of DOI name . 6
5.1 Principles of assignment . 6
5.2 Granularity . 6
5.3 Description . 7
5.4 Uniqueness . 7
5.5 Persistence . 7
6 Resolution of DOI name . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Functionality . 8
7 DOI metadata . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Functionality . 9
7.3 Registration of DOI metadata . 9
8 Administration of the DOI system .9
Annex A (normative) Relationship between the DOI system and other identifier schemes .10
Annex B (normative) DOI metadata specification.12
Annex C (normative) Administration of the DOI system .14
Annex D (informative) Transition from ISO 26324:2012 to ISO 26324:2022 .16
Bibliography .18
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 9, Identification and description.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 26324:2012), which has been technically
revised. The main changes are as follows.
— The requirement that the directory indicator be “10” has been removed.
— The registration authority now has the ability to assign DOI prefixes with a directory indicator
other than “10” (including prefixes consisting of a directory indicator alone), allowing existing
identification schemes with a compatible syntax to request that those schemes become part of the
DOI system.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
1)
The digital object identifier (DOI® ) system provides an infrastructure for persistent unique
identification of objects of any type.
DOI is an initialism for “digital object identifier”, meaning a “digital identifier of an object” rather than an
“identifier of a digital object”. In this document, the term “digital object identifier” refers to the system
defined in this document, unless otherwise stated. The DOI system was initiated by the International
DOI Foundation in 1998, and initially developed with the collaboration of some participants in
ISO/TC 46/SC 9. Due to its application in the fields of information and documentation and previous
collaboration with some ISO/TC 46/SC 9 participants, it was introduced as a possible work item in 2004
and further developed from 2006 to 2010.
The DOI system offers a useful set of functionalities, including:
— persistence, if material is moved, rearranged, or bookmarked,
— interoperability with other data from other sources,
— extensibility by adding new features and services through management of groups of DOI names,
— single management of data for multiple output formats (platform independence),
— class management of applications and services, and
— dynamic updating of metadata, applications and services.
The DOI system is designed to work over the Internet. A DOI name is permanently assigned to an object
to provide a resolvable persistent network link to current information about that object, including
where the object, or information about it, can be found on the Internet. While information about an
object can change over time, its DOI name will not change. A DOI name can be resolved within the DOI
system to values of one or more types of data relating to the object identified by that DOI name, such as
a URL, an e-mail address, other identifiers and descriptive metadata.
The DOI system enables the construction of automated services and transactions. Applications of
the DOI system include but are not limited to managing information and documentation location and
access; managing metadata; facilitating electronic transactions; persistent unique identification of any
form of any data; and commercial and non-commercial transactions.
The content of an object associated with a DOI name is described unambiguously by DOI metadata,
based on a structured extensible data model that enables the object to be associated with metadata of
any desired degree of precision and granularity to support description and services. The data model
supports interoperability between DOI applications.
The scope of the DOI system is not defined by reference to the type of content (format, etc.) of the
referent, but by reference to the functionalities it provides and the context of use. The DOI system
provides, within networks of DOI applications, for unique identification, persistence, resolution,
metadata and semantic interoperability.
1) DOI® is a registered trademark. The Handbook published by the ISO 26324 Registration Authority (see
Clause 8) contains information on trademark issues. The name and contact information of the ISO 26324 Registration
Authority can be found at https://www.iso.org/maintenance_agencies.html.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26324:2022(E)
Information and documentation — Digital object identifier
system
1 Scope
This document specifies the syntax, description and resolution functional components of the
digital object identifier
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 26324
Second edition
2022-08
Information and documentation —
Digital object identifier system
Information et documentation — Système d'identifiant numérique
d'objet
Reference number
© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 DOI name . 3
4.1 Syntax . 3
4.1.1 General characteristics . 3
4.1.2 DOI prefix . 4
4.1.3 DOI suffix . 5
4.2 Visual presentation and other representation of DOI names . 5
4.2.1 Screen and print presentation . 5
4.2.2 URI presentation . 5
4.2.3 Other representations . 6
5 Assignment of DOI name . 6
5.1 Principles of assignment . 6
5.2 Granularity . 6
5.3 Description . 7
5.4 Uniqueness . 7
5.5 Persistence . 7
6 Resolution of DOI name . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Functionality . 8
7 DOI metadata . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Functionality . 9
7.3 Registration of DOI metadata . 9
8 Administration of the DOI system .9
Annex A (normative) Relationship between the DOI system and other identifier schemes .10
Annex B (normative) DOI metadata specification.12
Annex C (normative) Administration of the DOI system .14
Annex D (informative) Transition from ISO 26324:2012 to ISO 26324:2022 .16
Bibliography .18
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 9, Identification and description.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 26324:2012), which has been technically
revised. The main changes are as follows.
— The requirement that the directory indicator be “10” has been removed.
— The registration authority now has the ability to assign DOI prefixes with a directory indicator
other than “10” (including prefixes consisting of a directory indicator alone), allowing existing
identification schemes with a compatible syntax to request that those schemes become part of the
DOI system.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
1)
The digital object identifier (DOI® ) system provides an infrastructure for persistent unique
identification of objects of any type.
DOI is an initialism for “digital object identifier”, meaning a “digital identifier of an object” rather than an
“identifier of a digital object”. In this document, the term “digital object identifier” refers to the system
defined in this document, unless otherwise stated. The DOI system was initiated by the International
DOI Foundation in 1998, and initially developed with the collaboration of some participants in
ISO/TC 46/SC 9. Due to its application in the fields of information and documentation and previous
collaboration with some ISO/TC 46/SC 9 participants, it was introduced as a possible work item in 2004
and further developed from 2006 to 2010.
The DOI system offers a useful set of functionalities, including:
— persistence, if material is moved, rearranged, or bookmarked,
— interoperability with other data from other sources,
— extensibility by adding new features and services through management of groups of DOI names,
— single management of data for multiple output formats (platform independence),
— class management of applications and services, and
— dynamic updating of metadata, applications and services.
The DOI system is designed to work over the Internet. A DOI name is permanently assigned to an object
to provide a resolvable persistent network link to current information about that object, including
where the object, or information about it, can be found on the Internet. While information about an
object can change over time, its DOI name will not change. A DOI name can be resolved within the DOI
system to values of one or more types of data relating to the object identified by that DOI name, such as
a URL, an e-mail address, other identifiers and descriptive metadata.
The DOI system enables the construction of automated services and transactions. Applications of
the DOI system include but are not limited to managing information and documentation location and
access; managing metadata; facilitating electronic transactions; persistent unique identification of any
form of any data; and commercial and non-commercial transactions.
The content of an object associated with a DOI name is described unambiguously by DOI metadata,
based on a structured extensible data model that enables the object to be associated with metadata of
any desired degree of precision and granularity to support description and services. The data model
supports interoperability between DOI applications.
The scope of the DOI system is not defined by reference to the type of content (format, etc.) of the
referent, but by reference to the functionalities it provides and the context of use. The DOI system
provides, within networks of DOI applications, for unique identification, persistence, resolution,
metadata and semantic interoperability.
1) DOI® is a registered trademark. The Handbook published by the ISO 26324 Registration Authority (see
Clause 8) contains information on trademark issues. The name and contact information of the ISO 26324 Registration
Authority can be found at https://www.iso.org/maintenance_agencies.html.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26324:2022(E)
Information and documentation — Digital object identifier
system
1 Scope
This document specifies the syntax, description and resolution functional components of the
digital object identifier system. It specifies the general principles for the creation, registration and
administration of DOI names (where DOI is an initialism for “digital object identifier”).
This document defines the syntax for a DOI name, which is used for the identification of an object of any
material form (digital or physical) or an abstraction (such as a textual work) where there is a functional
need to distinguish it from other objects.
The DOI name does not replace, nor is it an alternative for, an identifier used in another scheme, such
as the schemes defined by ISO/TC 46/SC 9. This document describes how the DOI system can be used
in conjunction with another identifier scheme (for example, to provide additional functionality, such as
resolution, where this is not already available), and how the character string of that other scheme can
be integrated into the DOI sy
...
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