ISO 12161:2006
(Main)Road vehicles — Endurance braking systems of motor vehicles and towed vehicles — Test procedures
Road vehicles — Endurance braking systems of motor vehicles and towed vehicles — Test procedures
ISO 12161:2006 specifies methods for testing the endurance braking systems of vehicles of categories M, N and O (excluding M1, N1, O1 and O2), which are designed to comply with ECE-R 13/09 with supplements 1 to 6. All endurance test procedures are based on the principle of equivalent energy absorption. Procedures which are not suitable to support this principle are not considered. The principle of equivalent energy allows the base test parameters to be adapted to the variations occurring under real conditions compared to theoretical values.
Véhicules routiers — Véhicules à moteur et véhicules tractés disposant de systèmes de freinage d'endurance — Procédures d'essai
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12161
First edition
2006-09-01
Road vehicles — Endurance braking
systems of motor vehicles and towed
vehicles — Test procedures
Véhicules routiers — Véhicules à moteur et véhicules tractés disposant
de systèmes de freinage d'endurance — Procédures d'essai
Reference number
©
ISO 2006
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
5 General test conditions. 6
5.1 Ambient conditions . 6
5.2 Test site . 6
5.3 Vehicle preparation. 6
6 Downhill test. 7
6.1 General. 7
6.2 Downhill test track. 8
6.3 Normal test parameters. 8
6.4 Determination of specific test parameters. 9
6.5 Conducting the downhill test . 12
6.6 Presentation of results. 14
7 Drag test (gradient simulation test) . 14
7.1 General. 14
7.2 Drag test track. 14
7.3 Regular test parameters. 14
7.4 Determination of specific test parameters.15
7.5 Conducting the drag test . 15
7.6 Data processing and presentation of results . 16
8 Indoor vehicle test on a test bench (gradient simulation test) . 17
8.1 General. 17
8.2 Description of the test bench . 17
8.3 Normal test parameters. 18
8.4 Determination of specific test parameters.19
8.5 Conducting the dynamometer test . 19
8.6 Data processing and presentation of results . 20
Annex A (normative) Vehicle data .22
Annex B (normative) Test reports .23
Bibliography . 26
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12161 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 2, Braking
systems and equipment.
iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
Introduction
This International Standard applies to complete vehicles and not to endurance braking systems on their own.
Depending on the available test facilities the vehicles equipped with endurance braking systems shall be
tested for type approval using one of the following types of tests:
Outdoor tests
⎯ Downhill vehicle test (see Clause 6)
⎯ Vehicle drag test (see Clause 7)
Indoor test (see Clause 8)
⎯ Dynamometer vehicle test
All three tests are evaluated from downhill braking manoeuvres and are to different degrees gradient
simulation tests.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12161:2006(E)
Road vehicles — Endurance braking systems of motor vehicles
and towed vehicles — Test procedures
IMPORTANT — When using this International Standard, care should be taken to ensure that changes
have not subsequently been adopted that affect the test methods or values given.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies methods for testing the endurance braking systems of vehicles of
categories M N and O (excluding M1, N1, O1 and O2) which are designed to comply with ECE-R 13/09 with
supplement 1 to 6. The values given in square brackets are taken from ECE Regulation No. 13 for information.
All endurance test procedures are based on the principle of equivalent energy absorption and procedures
which are not suitable to support this principle are not considered.
The principle of equivalent energy allows the base test parameters to be adapted to the variations occurring
under real conditions compared to theoretical values.
NOTE Typical sources are:
⎯ The variation of the gradient of downhill test track or
⎯ The variation of retarding force during drag tests or indoor test.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 611: 2003, Road vehicles — Braking of automotive vehicles and their trailers — Vocabulary
ISO 1176: 1990, Road vehicles — Masses — Vocabulary and codes
ISO 3833: 1977, Road vehicles — Types — Terms and definitions
ISO 8855, Road vehicles — Vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability — Vocabulary
ECE Regulation No. 13, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to braking,
incorporating the series 09 with supplements 1 to 6
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 611, ISO 1176 and ISO 3833 and
the following apply.
3.1
vehicle categories
as defined in ECE R.E.3, the Consolidated Resolution on the construction of vehicles:
⎯ category M: power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and used for the carriage of passengers;
⎯ category N: power-driven vehicles having at least four wheels and used for the carriage of goods
3.2
endurance braking system
total of all devices of a vehicle which enable the driver to reduce the speed or to transverse a long descent at
nearly a constant speed without the use of the service brake
NOTE 1 An endurance braking system may contain one or more retarder(s), and may include:
⎯ energy supplying means;
⎯ control device(s);
⎯ transmission means;
⎯ retarder(s);
⎯ energy dissipation device(s);
⎯ auxiliary device(s).
NOTE 2 All retarders are new and fully burnished according to the supplier recommendations.
3.2.1
types of control device used in endurance braking system
3.2.1.1
independent control device
device which controls the endurance braking system independently from the service braking system
3.2.1.2
integrated control device
device applied simultaneously with the service braking systems or with a suitably phased operation
3.2.1.3
vehicle speed control device
device which allows a nearly constant vehicle speed by automatic operation and modulation of the endurance
braking system
3.2.1.4
cut-out device
device which allows to apply the service braking system alone or to use the vehicle speed control without
actuating the endurance braking system
NOTE This is a combined control device.
3.2.2
retarder
energy transformation device used to provide braking effort allowing control of vehicle speed independently of
or as a supplement to the friction brakes
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved
3.2.2.1
categories of retarders
3.2.2.1.1
primary retarder
retarder located on the drive train of a motor vehicle at the engine side of the gearbox (torque converter)
3.2.2.1.2
secondary retarder
retarder located on the drive train of motor vehicles between the gearbox (torque converter) and the drive
axle(s)
NOTE Retarders can be connected to non-driven axles and are also classed as secondary retarders.
3.2.2.1.3
other retarders
retarders which are not categorized in 3.2.2.1.1 or 3.2.2.1.2 (e.g. aerodynamic retarders)
3.2.2.2
types of retarders
3.2.2.2.1
combustion engine retarder
3.2.2.2.1.1
engine braking
means whereby the engine drag resulting from the reduction of the fuel input and the throttling of the induction
air supply whilst the engine is linked to the driving wheels retards the vehicle (see 5.5.3.1.3.1 of
ISO 611:2003)
3.2.2.2.1.2
engine retarder
mechanism in which an increased retarding effect is obtained by changing the valve timing to increase the
internal resistance (drag) of the engine (see 5.5.3.1.3.2 of ISO 611:2003)
3.2.2.2.1.3
exhaust retarder
mechanism in which an increased retarding effect is obtained by blocking the flow of the exhaust gas to
increase the internal resistance of the engine (see 5.5.3.1.3.3 of ISO 611:2003)
3.2.2.2.2
electric traction motor retarder
mechanism in which the electric traction motor, linked to the driving wheels, exercises a retarding effect on the
moving vehicle, for example, by functioning as a current generator (see 5.5.3.1.3.4 of ISO 611:2003)
3.2.2.2.3
hydraulic retarder
retarder in which a retarding effect is obt
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