ISO/TC 22/SC 33 - Vehicle dynamics and chassis components

This document defines the dimensions of the test track for a closed-loop, severe lane-change manoeuvre test for subjectively determining the obstacle avoidance performance of a vehicle, one specific part of vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability. It is applicable to passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833 and light commercial vehicles up to a gross vehicle mass of 3,5 t. An example of the test method is provided in REF Annex_sec_A \r \h Annex A 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000C00000041006E006E00650078005F007300650063005F0041000000 .

This document specifies performance requirements for surrogate small child targets (SCT) used to assess the system detection and activation performance of active safety systems and automated driving systems (ADS). This document specifies the properties of targets that represent two small children in terms of size, shape, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. The two targets represent a 9- to 12-month-old infant and a two-year-old toddler. This document addresses the detection requirements for the targets in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication, and where possible, anticipated future sensing technologies. It also addresses methodologies to verify the target response properties to these sensors. This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speed, position, or timing of events. Performance criteria for the active safety system being evaluated are also not addressed. NOTE Related test procedures using small child targets according to this document can be found in ISO 4273 and ISO 23374-1.

This document specifies performance requirements for surrogate targets used to assess the system detection and activation performance of active safety systems. This document specifies the properties of an omni-directional multi-purpose powered two-wheeler (PTW) target for assessment of interaction in a variety of traffic scenarios. This document specifies the properties of a PTW target (PTWT) representing a powered two-wheeler in terms of size, shape, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. This document addresses the detection requirements for a PTWT in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this document, and where possible, anticipated future sensing technologies. It also addresses methodologies to verify the target response properties to these sensors, as well as performance requirements for the target carrier. The PTWTs specified in this document reflect two-wheeled vehicles corresponding to UN Category L31) and to UN Category L12), with the restrictions that the vehicle is not intended for human propulsion (for example, pedalling) and its two wheels are inline. This document also addresses requirements for motion and positioning during test for PTWT including target carrier system. This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speeds, positions or timing of events. Performance criteria for the active safety system are also not addressed. 1) The vehicle categories are defined in Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3): https://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html . 2) See https://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29resolutions.html .

This document defines a methodology to evaluate scenarios and provides a procedure for extending test scenarios to test cases. This document also defines the necessary characteristics of test cases, which include but are not limited to unified identifiers, test objectives, inputs, steps, platforms and expected results. This document describes methods and criteria to evaluate test cases (e.g. frequency, criticality, complexity of a scenario), the coverage concerning functional and technical requirements, operational domain (OD), test criteria, and also the optimization of sets of prioritized test cases. This document is applicable to Level 3 and higher ADSs as defined in ISO/SAE PAS 22736. The focus of this document is on scenarios, which will be tested to evaluate safety (functional safety and safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF)). The content, in general, is also applicable to non-safety related test scenarios.

This document specifies test methods to evaluate the behaviour of a vehicle equipped with an acceleration control pedal error (ACPE) system according to ISO/PAS 19486. Those forward and reverse accidents occur during a straight-line acceleration when the vehicle under test (VUT) accelerates due to driver misapplication of accelerator pedal instead of intended brake pedal. This document is limited to ACPE systems of light vehicles only classified in UN-ECE (TRANS/WP.29/1045) Vehicle: “Category 1-1 vehicle” and does not apply to such devices installed in vehicles of other categories, such as heavy vehicles or motorcycles. This document focuses on an important part of the vehicle behaviour during these collision scenarios, which is the capacity to avoid or mitigate the collision especially to the other vehicle.

This document specifies a method for the drag mode friction test for hydraulic and pneumatic vehicle brakes. This document is applicable to the friction performance test of brake linings used in vehicles of categories M, N, O, and L.

This document specifies a lateral stability test for passenger-car and trailer combinations. It is applicable to passenger cars in accordance with ISO 3833, and also to light trucks and their trailer combinations. The lateral stability test determines the damping characteristic of the yaw oscillation of such towing-vehicle–trailer combinations excited by a defined steering impulse. The combination is initially driven in a steady-state, straight-ahead driving condition. Oscillation of the vehicle is then initiated by the application of a single impulse of steering, followed by a period in which steering is held fixed and the oscillation of the combination is allowed to damp out. Testing is conducted at several constant speeds. Where non-periodic instability is of interest, a steady-state circular test is specified.

This document specifies a generic tyre model and model parameters for calculating lateral tyre forces, for use in lateral stability simulations of heavy commercial vehicle combinations with test cases according to ISO 14791. This tyre model is parameterized by easily understandable characteristics which can be estimated from tyre measurement data. If tyre data is not available, the parameters proposed in this document can be used. One typical application area of this document is the comparing and ranking of various vehicle combination configurations with respect to on-road lateral and roll stability. Such an assessment is usually performed at close to constant speed levels typical for public roads, usually higher than 40 km/h. The tyre model, however, can be useful for both high- and low-speed manoeuvring. This tyre model is relevant for representing the lateral performance of tyres on a vehicle combination when the longitudinal forces are insignificant, typically less than 10 % of the peak longitudinal friction utilization. The tyre model can be used for normal forces ranging from zero to twice the nominal normal force of the tyre. This tyre model has been developed for moderate lateral slip conditions; it is important that the model is used with care for scenarios where tyre slip angle exceeds 15°. This tyre model is suitable for vehicle models operating in the yaw and roll plane which naturally include vertical load transfer between the wheels during manoeuvring. The tyre model can also be used in models with less complexity such as pure yaw plane models. This document applies to heavy vehicles, including commercial vehicles, commercial vehicle combinations, buses and articulated buses as defined in ISO 3833 (trucks and trailers with a maximum weight above 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses with a maximum weight above 5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4).

This document defines an approach for the categorization of scenarios by providing tags that carry information about the scenarios. This document is applicable to SAE level 3 to SAE level 5 Automated Driving System (ADS)[19].

This document specifies the dimensions necessary for the attachment of a commercial road vehicle wheel on the hub of the vehicle whose fixing has six, eight or ten stud holes. This document considers the flat attachment type with centring on central bore, which is the recommended type for future equipment. Other types are currently in use. The specifications do not imply that the wheel is interchangeable from one vehicle to another.

This document specifies a test schedule that addresses a particular aspect of the on-centre handling characteristics of a vehicle: the weave test. It is applicable to passenger cars in accordance with ISO 3833, and to light trucks. NOTE The manoeuvre specified in this test method is not representative of real driving conditions but is useful for obtaining measures of vehicle on-centre handling behaviour in response to a specific type of steering input under closely controlled test conditions. Other aspects of on-centre handling are addressed in the companion ISO 13674-2.

This document specifies test methods to evaluate performance of the autonomous emergency braking system (AEBS) in car to pedestrian collision situations. Forward collision warning system (FCWS) is part of AEBS when it provides warning before braking intervention. Vehicle to pedestrian accidents occur when a vehicle under test (VUT) drives in straight line and either a pedestrian walks longitudinal on the same road or the pedestrian is approaching perpendicular the road. A system requiring a driver intervention is not in scope of this document. NOTE Depending on accidentology only a part of the scenarios can be used for an evaluation of performance.

This document provides technical characteristics of partial driving automation system according to ISO/SAE PAS 22736 and associated control strategies enabling hands-free driving. These technical characteristics, together with an appropriate operational design domain enable the proper usage of such partial driving automation systems which is supervised by drivers. This document does not address performance limits, verification and validation of such systems.

This document defines visual aspects for the identification and assessment of product characteristics for friction materials in terms of quality and for commercial and technical agreements. The sequence of the product characteristics represents no order of priority. Inspection is carried out in unused, “as supplied” condition. In some characteristic features, there are differences between brake linings with an effective lining pad area less than 120 cm2 and larger than 120 cm2. The acceptance criteria ensure exclusion of any characteristics that could impact the function and performance of brake linings and applies unless other agreements between the customer and the supplier.

This document specifies the requirements for the hierarchical taxonomy for specifying operating conditions which enable the definition of an operational design domain (ODD) of an automated driving system (ADS). This document also specifies requirements for the definition format of an ODD using the taxonomy. The ODD comprises specific conditions (which include the static and dynamic attributes) within which an ADS is designed to function. This document is mainly applicable to level 3 and level 4 ADS. An ODD for level 5 ADS is unlimited (i.e. operation is possible everywhere). This document can be used by organizations taking part in developing safety cases for automated vehicles, in particular, for organizations conducting trials, testing and commercial deployment. This document can also be used by manufacturers of level 3/4 ADS to define the ADS’ operating capability. It may also be of interest to insurers, regulators, service providers, national, local and regional governments to enable them to understand possible ADS deployments and capabilities. This document does not cover the basic test procedures for attributes of the ODD. It does not cover the monitoring requirements of the ODD attributes.

This document specifies requirements, procedures and message formats for controlling and monitoring of test targets, used for testing of active safety functions and autonomous vehicles. The document specifies functionality and messaging for monitoring and controlling of test objects by a control centre facilitating an interoperable test object environment. This document defines a communication protocol which allows for the control centre to safely execute tests using test objects from multiple vendors. This document does not specify the internal architecture of the test object nor control centre. This document does not specify how testing of the vehicles shall be performed.

This document describes a method for calculating steady-state rollover threshold of heavy commercial vehicles and buses, not considering the effects of active control systems. The calculation method considers the main factors that influence the rollover threshold, namely the height of centre of gravity, the track, the tyre lateral stiffness, and all factors that affect the vehicle roll stiffness. The considered compliances (e.g. tyre deformation) have a considerable influence on the effective track, and consequently on the steady-state rollover threshold. NOTE As an alternative to the described calculation method standard, the steady-state rollover threshold can be measured on a test track or with a tilt-table test as described in ISO 16333.

This document specifies two laboratory methods for testing certain essential strength characteristics of disc wheels intended for road use on commercial vehicles, buses, trailers, and multipurpose passenger vehicles, as defined in ISO 3833. The test methods are: — dynamic cornering fatigue test and — dynamic radial fatigue test.

This document provides guidance for a scenario-based safety evaluation framework for automated driving systems (ADSs). The framework elaborates a scenario-based safety evaluation process that is applied during product development. The guidance for the framework is intended to be applied to ADS defined in ISO/SAE PAS 22736 and to vehicle categories 1 and 2 according to Reference [10]. This scenario-based safety evaluation framework for ADS is applicable for limited access highways. This document does not address safety-related issues involving misuse, human machine interface and cybersecurity. This document does not address non-safety related issues involving comfort, energy efficiency or traffic flow efficiency.

This document specifies an open-loop test method to determine the stopping distance of a vehicle during a straight-line braking manoeuvre, with the anti-lock braking system (ABS) fully engaged. This document applies to passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833 and light trucks. This document specifies a reference method and is especially designed to ensure high repeatability.

This document provides a tilt-table test method for estimating vehicle lateral stability during tipping (or dump) operations. The test method results in a limit curve that creates an envelope of the tipper vehicle unit’s rollover threshold, at different tipper body inclinations. This document is applicable to both rear and side tipping vehicles. This document applies to heavy commercial vehicles and commercial vehicle combinations, as defined in ISO 3833, equipped with rearward or sideways tipping (or dump) bodies (trucks and trailers with maximum weight above 3,5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories N2, N3, O3 and O4). NOTE The stability envelope can be applied to autonomous construction vehicles.

The document defines terms in the context of test scenarios for automated driving systems (ADS). The document is applicable to ADS of Level 3 and above defined in ISO/SAE PAS 22736.

This document specifies a method to evaluate the behaviour of a vehicle equipped with an autonomous emergency braking system (AEBS), or dynamic brake support (DBS) during several accident scenarios. Those accidents occur during a straight-line driving when the vehicle under test (VUT) approaches another vehicle in the same lane. Both vehicles are aligned in longitudinal axis to each other. The most important part of the vehicle behaviour during these accidents scenarios is the capacity to avoid or mitigate the collision. Systems requiring driver intervention are not in the scope of this document. NOTE Depending on accidentology, only a part of the scenarios can be used for an evaluation of performance. AEB system evaluation based upon this document is limited to longitudinal accident scenarios.

This document applies to heavy vehicles—that is, to commercial vehicles and buses as defined in ISO 3833—that are covered by the categories M3, N2, N3, O3, and O4 of ECE and EC vehicle regulations. These categories pertain to trucks and trailers with maximum weights above 3,5 tonnes and to buses with maximum weights above 5 tonnes. Vehicle suspension kinematic and compliance (K&C) properties that impact vehicle stability and dynamic behaviour are described in this document and common methods of measurement are outlined. These methods are applicable to heavy vehicles. The measurements are performed on a single unit and typically one or two axles at a time. This document will define or reference the key suspension kinematic and compliance parameters necessary for characterizing and simulating vehicle suspension performance. These parameters also provide system-level descriptions of quasi-static behaviour that can be cascaded into subsystem and component performance targets. The suspension variables required for determining suspension characterization of one vehicle end, i.e. for a single axle or for multiple axles inter-related through suspension configuration (for example, walking-beam), are provided. Metrics pertaining to the chassis connection between the front and rear suspensions are not included. Some typical methods of measurement will be discussed, however detail on how the measurements are executed is not within the scope of this document.

This document describes test procedures for assessing the influence of pressure, temperature and water/salt water on the generation of metal pick-up (MPU) for a given friction material in combination with a specific brake disc. There are multiple tests to investigate the MPU generation issue for different types of friction materials (so called NAO and low metallic materials) under critical environmental and working conditions: influence of water and salt water, high temperatures and high pressures and low temperatures and low pressures. This document supports the friction material development process and selection of friction materials for new brake applications.

This document specifies the general conditions that apply to vehicle ride comfort test methods. In particular, it specifies general conditions for: — variables; — measuring equipment and data processing; — environment (test track and wind velocity); — test vehicle preparation (tuning and loading); — initial driving; — test reports (general data and test conditions). These items are of general significance, regardless of the specific vehicle ride comfort test method. They apply when vehicle ride comfort properties are determined, unless other conditions are required by the standard which is actually used for the test method. This document is applicable to passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833 and light trucks. NOTE The general conditions defined in existing vehicle dynamics standards are valid until a reference to this document is included. This document mainly refers to road tests, but in many cases can be applied also for bench tests.

This document provides standard methods for determining a vehicle’s roll, pitch, and yaw mass moments of inertia (MOI) and roll-yaw product of inertia (POI). It applies to heavy vehicles, that is commercial vehicles and buses as defined in ISO 3833 (trucks and trailers with maximum weight above 3,5 tons and buses and articulated buses with maximum weight above 5 tons, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4). Mass moment of inertia measurements are performed separately for each single unit.

This document specifies a test method for steering effort measurement when manoeuvring a vehicle at low speed or with the vehicle stationary. It is mainly applicable to trucks having a mass exceeding 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses having a mass exceeding 5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, i.e. categories M3, N2, N3. This document can also be applicable to trucks having a mass not exceeding 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses having a mass not exceeding 5 tonnes, i.e. categories M2, N1.

A systematic framework has been created that facilitates the definition of the requirements of simulation models for certain applications and driving manoeuvres in a standardized manner. For this purpose, the proposed framework systematically divides the vehicle model into model classes and all model classes into different model types, corresponding to various model characteristics and common modelling methods. The vehicle dynamics manoeuvres have been additionally structured and clustered. Manoeuvres can be assigned to model classes and model types using an allocation and requirements table. This document thus also creates the basis for model recommendations relevant to vehicle dynamics with regard to advanced driver assistance systems and automated driving (ADAS/AD). The application of the framework and the specification of the model requirements are the responsibility of the user. Alternatively, they may be determined by other regulations and standards. This document contains recommendations for selectable model characteristics in terms of adequate simulation quality with respect to performance tests and associated application patterns. The recommendations can be adapted accordingly to be applied to functional testing.

This document specifies a laboratory test procedure to evaluate the axial (lateral) kerb impact collision properties of a wheel manufactured either wholly or partly of light alloys. It is intended for passenger car applications, and special vehicle applications where there is a possibility of the wheel impacting the kerb, with the purpose of screening and/or quality control of the wheel.

This document specifies expected field loads for functions provided by the braking system actuator and modulator and applies to passenger cars and light commercial vehicles (classes M1 and N1, according to UNECE). Functions addressed in this document are: — dynamic stability functions (e.g. electronic stability control); — brake torque optimizing functions (e.g. electronic brake force distribution); — brake assistance functions (e.g. hill start assist). This document only covers functions where data of appropriate maturity are available. There are additional functions of a braking system, which are not covered by this document. By describing the expected field loads, this document specifies representative manoeuvres and occurrences for different functions. These serve as an orientation for the derivation of test procedures. This document applies to vehicles up to conditional automation (SAE J 3016 level 3) with a maximum of 30 % automated brake operations. NOTE Field loads for automation levels above level 3 are under consideration for future editions.

This document specifies requirements for the use, general maintenance and safety of wheels and rims including multi-piece wheels and rims. This document defines their out-of-service conditions, such as cracked, worn and bent wheels and rim components. It is applicable to wheels intended for use on road as defined in ISO 3833 and off road vehicles. This document does not include mopeds and motorcycles.

This document specifies open-loop test methods for determining the steady-state circular driving behaviour of passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833 and of light trucks, such behaviour being one of the factors comprising vehicle dynamics and road-holding properties. The open-loop manoeuvres included in these methods are not representative of real driving conditions, but are nevertheless useful for obtaining measures of vehicle steady-state behaviour resulting from several specific types of control inputs under closely controlled test conditions. This document specifies open-loop test methods for determining the steady-state circular driving behaviour of passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833 and of light trucks, such behaviour being one of the factors comprising vehicle dynamics and road-holding properties. The open-loop manoeuvres included in these methods are not representative of real driving conditions, but are nevertheless useful for obtaining measures of vehicle steady-state behaviour resulting from several specific types of control inputs under closely controlled test conditions.

This document specifies procedures and minimum performance requirements for testing without tyres the retention of balance weights for use on wheels for passenger vehicles. It also specifies general features for configurations of clip balance weights, rim flanges for light alloy and steel wheels intended for use on passenger cars and adhesive balance weights. Alternative materials and geometries can be considered in the future.

This document presents a vocabulary of terms related to, and systems for the designation and marking of, wheels and rims intended for use with pneumatic tyres. The intention is to define fundamental wheel and rim terms rather than provide a comprehensive tabulation of all wheel design features. Also specified are the content, location and minimum size of the wheel and rim marking, with the purpose of establishing, on a worldwide basis, a uniform identification system for wheels and rims.

This document specifies methods for comparing computer simulation results from a vehicle mathematical model to measured test data for an existing vehicle according to ISO 7401. The comparison is made for the purpose of validating the simulation tool for this type of test when applied to variants of the tested vehicle. It is applicable to passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833.

This document specifies test methods and performance metrics to evaluate the behaviour of a vehicle equipped with lane keeping assistance system (LKAS, see 3.2). For this purpose, variables relevant to vehicle dynamics as well as controllability of a vehicle with LKAS and their measurement methods are defined. A system requiring a driver intervention is excluded from the scope. This document applies to the vehicles of M1 category.

This document specifies performance requirements for surrogate targets used to assess the system detection and performance of active safety systems. This document specifies the properties of an omni-directional multi-purpose vehicle target for assessment of interaction in a variety of traffic scenarios. This document specifies the properties of a vehicle target that will allow it to represent a passenger vehicle in terms of size, shape, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. This document addresses the detection requirements for a vehicle target in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this document, and where possible, anticipates future sensing technologies. It also addresses methodologies to verify the target response properties to these sensors, as well as performance requirements for the target carrier. The vehicle targets specified in this document reflect passenger cars and, in particular, the smaller and more common B and C segment cars. This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speeds, positions, or timing of events. Performance criteria for the active safety system are also not addressed.

This document specifies a method for comparing simulation results from a vehicle model to measured test data for an existing vehicle according to closing-curve tests as specified in ISO 11026. The purpose of the validation is to demonstrate that the vehicle dynamics simulation, combined with an integrated electronic stability control (ESC) system, can predict the roll and yaw stability behaviour of a physical vehicle, including the ESC system interventions, during a closing-curve test. The simulation method can be either hardware-in-the-loop [with the original electronic control unit (ECU) on a HiL test stand] or software-in-the-loop, based on a software code generated from the same source as for the ECU in the real vehicle. This document applies to heavy vehicles, including commercial vehicles, commercial vehicle combinations, buses and articulated buses as defined in ISO 3833 (trucks and trailers with a maximum weight above 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses with a maximum weight above 5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4).

This document specifies the properties and performance requirements of a bicyclist target (BT) that represents a human bicyclist in terms of shape, movement, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. The BT is used to assess the system detection and activation performance of active safety systems. This document establishes the detection requirements for a BT in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this document, and where possible, anticipated future sensing technologies. It also establishes methodologies to verify the target response properties to these sensors, as well as some performance requirements for the target carrier. The BT according to this document is also representative for electrically assisted pedal bicycles (pedal electric cycle, pedelec). This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speeds, positions, or timing of events. Performance criteria for the active safety system being tested are also not addressed.

This document specifies the composition and characteristics of a reference fluid used for the compatibility testing of hydraulic braking systems and components mounted on road vehicles.

This document provides the specifications, requirements and test methods, for non-petroleum-based fluids used in road-vehicle hydraulic brake and clutch systems that are designed for use with such fluids and equipped with seals, cups or double-lipped type gland seals made of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and ethylene-propylene elastomer (EPDM).

This document specifies a method for comparing simulation results from a vehicle model to measured test data for an existing vehicle according to steady-state circular driving tests as specified in ISO 14792. The comparison is made for the purpose of validating the vehicle model for this type of test. This document applies to heavy vehicles, including commercial vehicles, commercial vehicle combinations, buses and articulated buses as defined in ISO 3833 (trucks and trailers with a maximum weight above 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses with a maximum weight above 5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4).

This document specifies a method for comparing simulation results from a vehicle model to measured test data for an existing vehicle combination's lateral stability according to driving tests as specified in ISO 14791. The comparison is made for the purpose of validating the simulation model for this type of test. A complete validation comprises the comparison for at least one tested vehicle and one variant of this vehicle, covered by a parameter variation in the vehicle model. The document applies to heavy vehicles, including commercial vehicles, commercial vehicle combinations, buses and articulated buses as defined in ISO 3833 (trucks and trailers with maximum weight above 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses with maximum weight above 5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4).

This document describes a standard method for measuring a vehicle's longitudinal and lateral (horizontal plane) centre of gravity (CG) positions and three methods for estimating a vehicle's vertical CG position, the axle lift, tilt-table, and stable pendulum methods. It applies to heavy vehicles, that is commercial vehicles and buses as defined in ISO 3833 (trucks and trailers with maximum weight above 3,5 tonnes and buses and articulated buses with maximum weight above 5 tonnes, according to ECE and EC vehicle classification, categories M3, N2, N3, O3 and O4). CG measurements are performed separately for each single unit.

This document specifies an open-loop test procedure to examine the effect of braking on course holding and directional behaviour of a vehicle. Specifically, the method determines how the steady-state circular response of a vehicle is altered by a braking action only. This document is applicable to passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833 and to light trucks. The open-loop manoeuvre specified in this test method is not representative of real driving conditions but is useful to obtain measures of vehicle braking behaviour resulting from control inputs under closely controlled test conditions.

This document specifies the general conditions that apply when vehicle dynamics properties are determined according to ISO test methods. In particular, it specifies general conditions for: — variables; — measuring equipment and data processing; — environment (test track and wind velocity); — test vehicle preparation (tuning and loading); — initial driving; and — test reports (general data and test conditions). These items are of general significance, regardless of the specific vehicle dynamics test method. They apply when vehicle dynamics properties are determined, unless other conditions are required by the standard which is actually used for the test method. This document is applicable to passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833 and light trucks. NOTE The general conditions defined in existing vehicle dynamics standards are valid until a reference to this document is included. This document is cited in many other standards without a dated reference. In the course of its revision, no change in the numbering of clauses, tables and figures is anticipated.

This document specifies the dimensions of the test track for a closed-loop test method to subjectively determine a double lane-change which is one part of the vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability of passenger cars. It is applicable to passenger cars as defined in ISO 3833. It is also applicable to light commercial vehicles up to a gross vehicle mass of 3,5 t.

This document specifies performance requirements for surrogate targets used to assess the system detection and activation performance of active safety systems. This document specifies the properties of pedestrian targets that represent an adult or a child in terms of size, shape, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. The document addresses the detection requirements for a pedestrian target in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this document, and where possible, anticipated future sensing technologies. It also addresses methodologies to verify the target response properties to these sensors, as well as some performance requirements for the target carrier. This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speeds, positions, or timing of events. Performance criteria for the active safety system being evaluated are also not addressed. A related test procedure using pedestrian targets according to this document can be found in ISO 19237.

This document specifies performance requirements for surrogate targets used to assess the system detection and activation performance of active safety systems. This document specifies the properties of a vehicle target that will allow it to represent a passenger vehicle in terms of size, shape, reflection properties, etc. for testing purposes. The document addresses the detection requirements for a vehicle target in terms of sensing technologies commonly in use at the time of publication of this document, and where possible, anticipated future sensing technologies. It also addresses methodologies to verify the target response properties to these sensors, as well as performance requirements for the target carrier. This document specifies the properties of the vehicle target for simulation of rear-end scenarios, with overlap greater than 50 %. The specifications of vehicle targets in this document are intended to address current and anticipated test protocols related to safety critical events in which the subject vehicle approaches a stopped, braking or slower moving (target) vehicle from behind and in the forward path of the subject vehicle. This document does not address the test procedures in terms of speeds, positions, or timing of events. Performance criteria for the active safety system are also not addressed.