ISO/IEC 24730-62:2013
(Main)Information technology — Real time locating systems (RTLS) — Part 62: High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface
Information technology — Real time locating systems (RTLS) — Part 62: High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface
ISO/IEC 24730-62:2013 defines the air-interface for real time locating systems (RTLS) using a physical layer Ultra Wide Band (UWB) signalling mechanism (based on IEEE 802.15.4a UWB). This modulation scheme employs high rate pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) 16 MHz or 64 MHz, and a combination of burst position modulation (BPM) and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) giving an extremely high level of performance with a fully coherent receiver. In addition to defining the air interface protocol (AIP) in terms of the physical layer modulation, ISO/IEC 24730-62:2013 also defines the AIP in terms of the messages sent over the air. This AIP supports simple one-way communication of a basic blink that may be used for a one-way Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) based RTLS, where mobile tags periodically transmit the blink message which is received by an infrastructure consisting of a number of fixed reader nodes. This AIP also optionally supports bidirectional communication and two-way ranging between the readers and tags of an RTLS. The support of two-way ranging depends on additionally including a UWB receiver in the tag and UWB transmitters in the reader infrastructure. The mandatory default operational mode ensures interoperability between tags and infrastructure from various manufacturers, while the availability of several options offers flexibility to the developer of the infrastructure to adapt the behaviour of the overall system to the specific needs of his application.
Technologie de l'information - Systèmes de localisation en temps réel (RTLS) — Partie 62: Interface aérienne ultra large bande (UWB) à impulsions haute fréquence de répétition
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INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 24730-62
First edition
2013-09-01
Information technology — Real time
locating systems (RTLS) —
Part 62:
High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra
Wide Band (UWB) air interface
Technologie de l'information — Systèmes de localisation en temps réel
(RTLS) —
Partie 62: Interface aérienne ultra large bande (UWB) à impulsions
haute fréquence de répétition
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2013
© ISO/IEC 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Overview . 4
4.1 Components . 4
4.2 Not covered by the standard . 5
4.3 System . 5
4.4 Document structure . 5
5 Physical (PHY) layer specification . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Default operating mode for a HRP UWB tag . 6
5.3 PPDU format . 7
5.3.1 PPDU encoding process . 7
5.3.2 Symbol structure . 9
5.3.3 PSDU timing parameters . 10
5.3.4 Preamble timing parameters . 12
5.3.5 SHR preamble . 13
5.3.6 PHY header (PHR) . 16
5.3.7 Data field . 18
5.4 UWB PHY modulation . 19
5.4.1 Modulation mathematical framework . 19
5.4.2 Spreading . 19
5.4.3 Forward error correction (FEC) . 21
5.5 UWB PHY RF requirements . 23
5.5.1 Operating frequency bands . 23
5.5.2 Channel assignments . 23
5.5.3 Transmitter specification . 23
5.6 Timestamps and time units . 26
5.6.1 Time units . 26
5.6.2 Antenna delays . 26
6 Basic message format . 26
6.1 Message structure and processing rules . 26
6.1.1 Time of arrival / Time of sending . 27
6.2 Frame Check Sequence (FCS) . 27
7 One-way communication – blink message . 28
7.1 Encoding of blink frames with ISO/IEC 15963 tag ID . 28
7.1.1 Sub-fields of the blink frame with ISO ID . 29
7.2 Encoding of blink frames with IEEE EUI-64 tag ID . 31
7.2.1 Sub-fields of the blink frame with IEEE ID . 31
8 Two-way communication – data messages . 35
8.1 Data Messages . 35
8.1.1 Data frame sub-fields . 35
8.2 Operation of two-way communication . 36
8.2.1 The mechanics of two-way Communication . 37
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved iii
8.2.2 Activity Control .38
8.2.3 Read Tag Capabilities .39
8.2.4 Read Tag Configuration .40
8.2.5 Set Tag Configuration .42
8.2.6 Perform two-way ranging .43
Annex A (informative) Using ISO/IEC 24730-61 and ISO/IEC 24730-62 for RTLS Applications .46
Bibliography .57
iv © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 24730-62 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
ISO/IEC 24730 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Real time
locating systems (RTLS):
Part 1: Application program interface (API)
Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol
Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface
Part 21: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating
with a single spread code and employing a DBPSK data encoding and BPSK spreading scheme
Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating
with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK)
spreading scheme
Part 61: Low rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface
Part 62: High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved v
Introduction
This series of standards defines one Air Interface Protocol for Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) for use in
asset management and is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products for
the growing RTLS market.
This document, the high rate pulse repetition frequency (HRP) UWB Air Interface Protocol, establishes a
technical standard for Real Time Locating Systems that operate at an internationally available UWB frequency
bands and that are intended to provide accurate location (e.g. within some tens of centimetres) with frequent
updates (for example, every second).
Real Time Locating Systems are wireless systems with the ability to locate the position of an item anywhere in
a defined space (local/campus, wide area/regional, global) at a point in time that is, or is close to, real time.
Position is derived by measurements of the physical properties of the radio link.
Conceptually there are four classifications of RTLS:
– Locating an asset via satellite - requires line-of-sight - accuracy to 10 meters
– Locating an asset in a controlled area, e.g., warehouse, campus, airport - area of interest is
instrumented - accuracy to 3 meters
– Locating an asset in a more confined area - area of interest is instrumented - accuracy to tens of
centimetres
– Locating an asset over a terrestrial area using a terrestrial mounted receivers over a wide area,
cell phone towers for example – accuracy 200 meters
With a further two methods of locating an object which are really RFID rather than RTLS:
– Locating an asset by virtue of the fact that the asset has passed point A at a certain time and has
not passed point B
– Locating an asset by virtue of providing a homing signal whereby a person with a handheld can
find an asset
Method of location is through identification and location, generally through multilateration
• Types
– Time of Flight Ranging Systems
– Amplitude Triangulation
– Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
– Cellular Triangulation
– Satellite multilateration
– Angle of Arrival
This standard defines the air interface protocol needed for the creation of an RTLS system using HRP UWB
which is a physical layer UWB signalling mechanism (based on standard IEEE 802.15.4a UWB) and
employing high rate pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) 16 MHz or 64 MHz, and a combination of burst
position modulation (BPM) and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK.
vi © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STA
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 24730-62
First edition
2013-09-01
Information technology — Real time
locating systems (RTLS) —
Part 62:
High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra
Wide Band (UWB) air interface
Technologie de l'information — Systèmes de localisation en temps réel
(RTLS) —
Partie 62: Interface aérienne ultra large bande (UWB) à impulsions
haute fréquence de répétition
Reference number
©
ISO/IEC 2013
© ISO/IEC 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 3
4 Overview . 4
4.1 Components . 4
4.2 Not covered by the standard . 5
4.3 System . 5
4.4 Document structure . 5
5 Physical (PHY) layer specification . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Default operating mode for a HRP UWB tag . 6
5.3 PPDU format . 7
5.3.1 PPDU encoding process . 7
5.3.2 Symbol structure . 9
5.3.3 PSDU timing parameters . 10
5.3.4 Preamble timing parameters . 12
5.3.5 SHR preamble . 13
5.3.6 PHY header (PHR) . 16
5.3.7 Data field . 18
5.4 UWB PHY modulation . 19
5.4.1 Modulation mathematical framework . 19
5.4.2 Spreading . 19
5.4.3 Forward error correction (FEC) . 21
5.5 UWB PHY RF requirements . 23
5.5.1 Operating frequency bands . 23
5.5.2 Channel assignments . 23
5.5.3 Transmitter specification . 23
5.6 Timestamps and time units . 26
5.6.1 Time units . 26
5.6.2 Antenna delays . 26
6 Basic message format . 26
6.1 Message structure and processing rules . 26
6.1.1 Time of arrival / Time of sending . 27
6.2 Frame Check Sequence (FCS) . 27
7 One-way communication – blink message . 28
7.1 Encoding of blink frames with ISO/IEC 15963 tag ID . 28
7.1.1 Sub-fields of the blink frame with ISO ID . 29
7.2 Encoding of blink frames with IEEE EUI-64 tag ID . 31
7.2.1 Sub-fields of the blink frame with IEEE ID . 31
8 Two-way communication – data messages . 35
8.1 Data Messages . 35
8.1.1 Data frame sub-fields . 35
8.2 Operation of two-way communication . 36
8.2.1 The mechanics of two-way Communication . 37
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved iii
8.2.2 Activity Control .38
8.2.3 Read Tag Capabilities .39
8.2.4 Read Tag Configuration .40
8.2.5 Set Tag Configuration .42
8.2.6 Perform two-way ranging .43
Annex A (informative) Using ISO/IEC 24730-61 and ISO/IEC 24730-62 for RTLS Applications .46
Bibliography .57
iv © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 24730-62 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
ISO/IEC 24730 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Real time
locating systems (RTLS):
Part 1: Application program interface (API)
Part 2: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol
Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface
Part 21: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating
with a single spread code and employing a DBPSK data encoding and BPSK spreading scheme
Part 22: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz air interface protocol: Transmitters operating
with multiple spread codes and employing a QPSK data encoding and Walsh offset QPSK (WOQPSK)
spreading scheme
Part 61: Low rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface
Part 62: High rate pulse repetition frequency Ultra Wide Band (UWB) air interface
© ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved v
Introduction
This series of standards defines one Air Interface Protocol for Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) for use in
asset management and is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage interoperability of products for
the growing RTLS market.
This document, the high rate pulse repetition frequency (HRP) UWB Air Interface Protocol, establishes a
technical standard for Real Time Locating Systems that operate at an internationally available UWB frequency
bands and that are intended to provide accurate location (e.g. within some tens of centimetres) with frequent
updates (for example, every second).
Real Time Locating Systems are wireless systems with the ability to locate the position of an item anywhere in
a defined space (local/campus, wide area/regional, global) at a point in time that is, or is close to, real time.
Position is derived by measurements of the physical properties of the radio link.
Conceptually there are four classifications of RTLS:
– Locating an asset via satellite - requires line-of-sight - accuracy to 10 meters
– Locating an asset in a controlled area, e.g., warehouse, campus, airport - area of interest is
instrumented - accuracy to 3 meters
– Locating an asset in a more confined area - area of interest is instrumented - accuracy to tens of
centimetres
– Locating an asset over a terrestrial area using a terrestrial mounted receivers over a wide area,
cell phone towers for example – accuracy 200 meters
With a further two methods of locating an object which are really RFID rather than RTLS:
– Locating an asset by virtue of the fact that the asset has passed point A at a certain time and has
not passed point B
– Locating an asset by virtue of providing a homing signal whereby a person with a handheld can
find an asset
Method of location is through identification and location, generally through multilateration
• Types
– Time of Flight Ranging Systems
– Amplitude Triangulation
– Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)
– Cellular Triangulation
– Satellite multilateration
– Angle of Arrival
This standard defines the air interface protocol needed for the creation of an RTLS system using HRP UWB
which is a physical layer UWB signalling mechanism (based on standard IEEE 802.15.4a UWB) and
employing high rate pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) 16 MHz or 64 MHz, and a combination of burst
position modulation (BPM) and binary phase-shift keying (BPSK.
vi © ISO/IEC 2013 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STA
...
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