ISO 12006-2:2015
(Main)Building construction — Organization of information about construction works — Part 2: Framework for classification
Building construction — Organization of information about construction works — Part 2: Framework for classification
ISO 12006-2:2015 defines a framework for the development of built environment classification systems. It identifies a set of recommended classification table titles for a range of information object classes according to particular views, e.g. by form or function, supported by definitions. It shows how the object classes classified in each table are related, as a series of systems and sub-systems, e.g. in a building information model. ISO 12006-2:2015 does not provide a complete operational classification system, nor does it provide the content of the tables, though it does give examples. It is intended for use by organizations which develop and publish such classification systems and tables, which may vary in detail to suit local needs. However, if this part of ISO 12006 is applied in the development of local classification systems and tables, then harmonization between them will be facilitated. ISO 12006-2:2015 applies to the complete life cycle of construction works, including briefing, design, documentation, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition. It applies to both building and civil engineering works, including associated engineering services and landscaping.
Construction immobilière — Organisation de l'information des travaux de construction — Partie 2: Cadre pour les classifications
La présente partie de l'ISO 12006 définit un cadre pour l'élaboration de systèmes de classification du cadre bâti. Elle identifie un ensemble d'intitulés de tableaux de classification recommandés pour une série de classes d'objets d'information en fonction de points de vue particuliers, par exemple par forme ou fonction, avec l'appui de définitions. Elle montre comment les classes d'objets répertoriées dans chaque tableau sont liées, sous la forme d'une série de systèmes et de sous-systèmes, par exemple dans un modèle d'informations de la construction. La présente partie de l'ISO 12006 ne fournit pas de système de classification opérationnel complet, ni le contenu des tableaux, bien que des exemples soient donnés. Elle est destinée aux organismes qui élaborent et publient de tels systèmes et tableaux de classification, dont les détails peuvent varier en fonction des besoins locaux. Toutefois, si la présente partie de l'ISO 12006 est appliquée pour l'élaboration des systèmes et des tableaux de classification locaux, cela facilitera alors leur harmonisation mutuelle. La présente partie de l'ISO 12006 s'applique à l'ensemble du cycle de vie des travaux de construction, comprenant la préparation, la conception, la documentation, la construction, l'exploitation, la maintenance et la démolition. Elle s'applique aux bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil, y compris les services d'ingénierie et d'aménagement paysager connexes.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12006-2
Redline version
compares Second edition to
First edition
Building construction — Organization
of information about construction
works —
Part 2:
Framework for classification
Construction immobilière — Organisation de l’information des
travaux de construction —
Partie 2: Plan type pour la classification
Reference number
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
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ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
0.1 The status quo .v
0.2 The need for standardization .v
0.3 Other work of relevance . .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
2 3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General . 2
3.2 Construction resource . 3
3.3 Construction process . 3
3.4 Construction result . 4
3.5 Construction property . 6
3 4 Framework for classification Basic principles .10
3.1 4.1 Basic Object and process model .10
3.2 4.2 Property/characteristic Classification and composition .12
4.3 Classification (type-of) .14
4.4 Systems and compositional structuring (part-of) .14
3.3 4.5 Summary list of classes Other classification tables .14
3.4 4.6 Relationships between classes Properties .15
4 5 Recommended classification tables .16
Annex A (informative) Classification table titles and headings examples .19
Annex B (informative) Classification concepts .33
Bibliography .36
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards areThe procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its
further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval
criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted
in accordance with the rules given ineditorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 32 (see www.iso.
org/directives).
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part ofdocument ISO 12006may
be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
ISO 12006-2 was prepared by Technical CommitteeThe committee responsible for this document is
ISO/TC 59, Building constructionBuildings and civil engineering works, Subcommittee SC 13, Organization
of information about construction works.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12006-2:2001), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 12006 consists of the following parts, under the general title Building construction — Organization
of information about construction works:
— Part 2: Framework for classification of information
— Part 3: Framework for object-oriented information exchange
AnnexAnnexes A and B of this part of ISO 12006 isare for information only.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Introduction
0.1 The status quo
At present there is little international standardization of classifications for construction. The
construction industries of individual countries, even adjacent countries, have tended to remain separate
because of differences of culture and legislation, and each has developed its own methods of arranging
information. National classifications can be difficult to change and there may seem insufficient reason
to do so.
The most widely used classifications are work sections (mainly for specifications) and elements (mainly
for cost analysis). They are also the most widely varied, not only in their itemization and structure but
also in the range of other purposes to which they are put. There are other classifications, potentially
just as important, which have not yet been used to the same degree, e.g. construction products and
properties/characteristics.
0.1 Background
0.2 The need for standardization
Modern information systems for the construction industry, whether local or networked, need to handle
data of many different types, e.g. geometrical data, technical properties, cost data, maintenance data, for
use within different applications such as CAD, specification, product information and cost information
systems. All these data and the relations between them need to be defined and structured in such a way
that the stored information is consistent and reliable within and between the different applications.
This part of ISO 12006 was first produced when there was little international standardization of
classification systems for construction. Now, several national classification systems have been
developed, for example, in North America, Scandinavia, and the UK, that implement the 2001 edition.
Lessons learned in these implementations have been applied in this second edition.
0.3 Other work of relevance
The following groups specifically address the issue of computerized exchange of data.
— ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and integration, SC 4, Industrial data (STEP – Standard for
the Exchange of Product model data). STEP is a standard for computer-interpretable representation
and exchange of product data. Exchange of information has been initiated between those working
in TC 184/SC 4 on the Building Construction Core Model (BCCM) and TC 59/SC 13 for co-ordination
of basic construction information concepts.
— UN/EDIFACT with its regional organizations, e.g. EBES (European Board for EDI Standards) and
PAEB (Pan American EDIFACT Board). Groups concerned specifically with the construction industry
are, at a global level, JM7 AEC and, at a European level, EBES EEG05 (EBES Expert Group 05 AEC), the
latter working within the European user group EDIBUILD.
— ISO/TC 59/SC 13 has started work on a framework for object-oriented information exchange in the
construction industry.
— ISO/TC 10/SC 8 has produced ISO 13567-1, ISO 13567-2 and TR 13567 on the organization and
naming of layers for CAD.
— IAI (International Alliance for Interoperability) is an international body which is developing
Industry Foundation Classes, an industry standard for holding and exchanging digital data.
This part of ISO 12006 has also been revised to take into account developments in information technology
(notably building information modelling) and construction procurement (for example, design-build
and design-build-operate). It has been extended and definitions have been refined to better serve all
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
construction sectors, including building, civil engineering, and even process engineering. However, it
continues to serve traditional information technologies and procurement methods.
A survey conducted as part of the work towards this edition showed that the most widely used
classifications remain work results (mainly for specifications) and elements (mainly for cost analysis).
They are also the most widely varied classification tables not only in their itemization and structure but
also in the range of purposes to which they are put. There are other classifications, potentially just as
important, which are used to a lesser degree, e.g. for construction products and properties.
0.2 The need for standardization
Building information modelling and modern forms of procurement require all these construction
object classes to be used, along with many others. Building information modelling, in particular, is
about exchange of information of all types along the project time line and between participants and
applications. This is also the case for cooperative forms of procurement. For this exchange to be
successful, a complete and consistent approach to construction object classification is required within
the project, and between projects. This part of ISO 12006 is intended to facilitate this exchange.
Information types include geometrical data, functional and technical data, and cost data and
maintenance data. The project timeline runs from inception to eventual demolition. Participants include
clients, designers, authorities, constructors, end users, and operators. Applications include modelling,
specification, product information, and cost information systems. Even now, there is still pressure for
each of these to retain, or even develop, its own classification silo. This is not sustainable.
While national classifications that implement this part are still likely to differ in their detail (for
example, due to differences in construction culture and legislation), mapping between them should be
fairly straightforward. This is because they will be using the same overarching classification framework
and construction object class definitions. This, in turn, will help with international construction project
work (with participants from many countries), and with development of applications intended to be
used internationally.
0.3 The content of this part
This part of ISO 12006 defines a framework for construction-sector classification systems and identifies
a set of recommended classification tables and their titles for a range of construction object classes
according to particular views, supported by definitions.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Building construction — Organization of information
about construction works —
Part 2:
Framework for classification
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12006 defines a framework for the development of built environment classification
systems. It identifies a set of recommended classification table titles for a range of information object
classes according to particular views, e.g. by form or function, supported by definitions. It shows how
the object classes classified in each table are related, as a series of systems and sub-systems, e.g. in a
building information model.
This part of ISO 12006 defines a framework and a set of recommended table titles supported by
definitions, but not the detailed content of these tablesdoes not provide a complete operational
classification system, nor does it provide the content of the tables, though it does give examples. It is
intended for use by organizations which develop and publish such classification systems and tables
on a national or regional basis., which may vary in detail to suit local needs. However, if this part of
ISO 12006 is applied in the development of local classification systems and tables, then harmonization
between them will be facilitated.
This part of ISO 12006 applies to the complete life cycle of construction works, including briefing, design,
production, maintenance and demolition, anddocumentation, construction, operation and maintenance,
and demolition. It applies to both building and civil engineering works, including associated engineering
services and landscaping.
It identifies classes for the organization of information and indicates how these classes are related.
This part of ISO 12006 lists the tables which are recommended to be developed and used to classify the
members of each class according to particular views or principles of specialization and gives examples
of entries which might occur in these tables.
It does not provide a complete operational classification system. Classification tables may vary in detail
to suit local needs.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22274, Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content — Concept-related aspects for
developing and internationalizing classification systems
2 3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12006, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.1 General
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE 1 The definitions are arranged in the following order: construction resource, construction process,
construction result, and construction properties.
NOTE 2 In the definitions, terms that are defined elsewhere within this clause are shown in italics.
NOTE 3 Examples are given in Annex A.
3.1.1
object
any part of the perceivable or conceivable world
Note 1 to entry: An object is something abstract or physical toward which thought, feeling, or action is directed.
3.1.2
construction object
object (3.1.1) of interest in the context of a construction process (3.3.2)
3.1.3
construction system
interacting construction objects (3.1.2) organized to achieve one or more purposes
Note 1 to entry: Construction systems can be classified in accordance with this International Standard.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15288:2008, modified]
3.1.4
type-of relation
relation between two concepts where the intention of one of the concepts includes that of the other
concept and at least one additional delimiting characteristic
Note 1 to entry: Type-of relation is also known as generic relation.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.21]
3.1.5
part-of relation
relation between two construction objects where one object constitutes the whole and the other a part
of that whole
Note 1 to entry: Part-of relation is also known as partitive relation, part-whole relation, or whole-part relation.
Note 2 to entry: See also ISO/IEC 81346-1.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.22, modified]
3.1.6
natural environment
non-artificial environment of any physical construction object (3.1.2)
3.1.7
built environment
physical construction result (3.4.6) intended to serve a function or user activity
Note 1 to entry: The built environment may be viewed as a system of either built space or built structure.
3.1.8
space
limited three-dimensional extent defined physically or notionally
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ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.1.9
activity space
space (3.1.8) defined by the spatial extension of an activity
Note 1 to entry: A spatial extension of an activity, for example, a table or a bed, and the activity space around them.
2.1
object
any part of the perceivable or conceivable world
3.2 Construction resource
3.2.1
construction agent
human construction resource (3.2.5) carrying out a construction process (3.3.2)
3.2.2
construction aid
construction resource (3.2.5) intended to assist in carrying out a construction process (3.3.2)
Note 1 to entry: A construction aid is generally not intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a
construction entity.
3.2.3
construction information
information of interest in a construction process (3.3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Construction information may be seen both as a construction resource and as a construction
result.
3.2.4
construction product
product intended to be used as a construction resource (3.2.5)
Note 1 to entry: Construction products have different complexity and can, by themselves or together with others,
make up the parts in any level of assembly of construction entities.
3.2.5
construction resource
construction object (3.1.2) used in a construction process (3.3.2) to achieve a construction result (3.4.6)
2.2
construction object
object of importance to the construction industry
3.3 Construction process
3.3.1
construction activity
component process of construction process
3.3.2
construction process
process which uses construction resources (3.2.5) to achieve construction results (3.4.6)
Note 1 to entry: Each construction process may be split up into its component processes.
Note 2 to entry: See also ISO 22263:2008.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.3.3
construction process lifecycle
sequence of stages from the start to the end of the construction process (3.3.2)
3.3.4
pre-design process
construction process (3.3.2) determining construction properties (3.5.1) for the built environment (3.1.7)
before it is designed
3.3.5
design process
construction process (3.3.2) determining construction properties (3.5.1) for the built environment (3.1.7)
before it is made physical
3.3.6
production process
construction process (3.3.2) resulting in built environment (3.1.7)
Note 1 to entry: Production process includes demolition and recycling process.
3.3.7
maintenance process
construction process (3.3.2) preserving the function of, or operating, the built environment (3.1.7)
3.3.8
management
control activity in a construction process (3.3.2) by one or more construction agents
2.3
construction result
construction object which is formed or changed in state as the result of one or more construction
processes utilizing one or more construction resources
EXAMPLE Office building, installed reinforcement bar, ventilation system, bridge, asphalt surface, enclosed
space.
Note 1 to entry: A construction result need not have a physical existence; e.g. a “designed” office building is a
construction result, even though it has not yet been constructed; similarly a “demolished” office building is a
construction result, even though it no longer has a physical existence.
Note 2 to entry: A manufactured “reinforcement bar” is a construction resource until it has been acted upon by
a construction process, after which it becomes a construction result. In other words an installed “reinforcement
bar” is a construction result, but a “reinforcement bar” in storage in a manufacturer’s warehouse is a construction
resource.
3.4 Construction result
3.4.1
construction complex
aggregate of one or more construction entities (3.4.2) intended to serve at least one function or user
activity
Note 1 to entry: A construction complex can be analysed and the construction entities that go to make it up, can
be identified; e.g. an airport typically is composed of the construction entities runway, control tower, terminal
building, aircraft hangar, etc. A business park typically is composed of a number of buildings, access roads, and
landscaping (each a construction entity in its own right). A motorway from A to B typically is composed of service
stations, the motorway pavement, bridges, embankments, landscaping, etc.
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.4.2
construction entity
independent unit of the built environment (3.1.7) with a characteristic form and spatial structure,
intended to serve at least one function or user activity
Note 1 to entry: A construction entity is the basic unit of the built environment. It is recognizable as a physically
independent construction even though a number of construction entities might be seen as parts of a particular
construction complex. Ancillary works such as access roads, landscaping, service connections, may be regarded
as part of a construction entity. Conversely, when ancillary works are of sufficient scale, they may be regarded as
construction entities in their own right.
3.4.3
construction element
constituent of a construction entity (3.4.2) with a characteristic function, form, or position
Note 1 to entry: For practical purposes, such as when carrying out a cost analysis of a construction entity, it is
vital that construction elements are mutually exclusive, in order to ensure that each part is counted once and only
once.
3.4.4
built space
space (3.1.8) defined by built (3.1.7)or natural environment (3.1.6) or both, intended for user activity or
equipment
Note 1 to entry: A built space is, for example, a room defined by floor, ceiling, and wall, or a footpath, or power-line
corridor defined by a natural forest.
Note 2 to entry: Spaces occupied by construction elements are known as construction spaces, and are handled as
properties of construction elements themselves.
3.4.5
zone
space (3.1.8) or spaces with a particular function
Note 1 to entry: Zones may be defined by physical or notional properties, e.g. fire safety zone, climate zone,
smoking area, and quiet zone.
3.4.6
construction result
construction object (3.1.2) which is formed or changed in state as the result of one or more construction
processes (3.3.2) using one or more construction resources (3.2.5)
3.4.7
construction result lifecycle
period of time from inception to the demolition of a construction result (3.4.6)
3.4.8
work result
view of construction result (3.4.6) by type of work activity and resources used
Note 1 to entry: A production work result can be enabling, creating resources.
2.4
construction entity
independent material construction result of significant scale serving at least one user activity or function
EXAMPLE Building, bridge, road, dam, tower, sewer, museum (if a single structure), sports field, sewage
settlement tank, cycleway.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Note 1 to entry: A construction entity is the basic unit of the built environment. It is recognizable as a physically
independent construction even though a number of construction entities might be built as parts of a particular
construction complex. Ancillary works such as access roads, landscaping, service connections, may be regarded as
part of a construction entity. Conversely, when ancillary works are of sufficient scale they may often be regarded
as construction entities in their own right.
3.5 Construction property
3.5.1
construction property
property of a construction object (3.1.2)
2.5
construction complex
two or more adjacent construction entities collectively serving one or more user activity or function
EXAMPLE Airport, sewage treatment works, business park, port, motorway, shopping and sports complexes.
Note 1 to entry: A construction complex can be analysed and the construction entities that go to make it up,
identified; e.g. an airport typically is composed of the construction entities runway, control tower, terminal
building, aircraft hangar, etc. A business park typically is composed of a number of buildings, access roads and
landscaping (each a construction entity in its own right). A motorway typically is composed of service stations,
the motorway pavement, bridges, embankments, landscaping, etc.
2.6
construction entity part
solid (as distinct from liquid or gaseous), material part of a construction entity, having physically
delineated boundaries
EXAMPLE Wall, door, door handle, wash basin, road surface, bridge pier, pipeline valve, light switch, roof,
heating system, sluice gates.
2.7
element
construction entity part which, in itself or in combination with other such parts, fulfils a predominating
function of the construction entity
EXAMPLE 1 (element): External wall, floor, roof, foundation, column, lighting system, ventilation system,
culinary furnishings, sanitary equipment.
EXAMPLE 2 (predominating function): Space enclosing, supporting, servicing, furnishing.
Note 1 to entry: For practical purposes, such as when carrying out a cost analysis of a construction entity, it is vital
that elements be defined as exhaustive and mutually exclusive, in order to ensure that each part is counted once
and only once. Where an element contributes to more than one of the predominating functions of the construction
entity, such as an internal wall that provides support as well as enclosing space, for the purposes of an element
table one of these must be designated the “characteristic” predominating function. By “characteristic” is meant
“generally the most significant”.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of internal walls of buildings “space enclosing” may be chosen because not all such
walls provide structural support and, during the early stages of design, it may not be known whether a wall will be
load-bearing or not. Conversely, it may be considered advantageous to regard load-bearing and non-load-bearing
internal walls as distinct elements, the first being classified under the predominating function “supporting” and
the second classified under “space enclosing”.
Note 3 to entry: An element is fundamentally different from a construction entity part; e.g. when constructing a
classification table for construction entity parts, the objects listed below are likely to be defined as types of “wall”.
However, their characteristic functions (given in parentheses) are quite different. Therefore when constructing a
classification table for elements, they will not be grouped together.
— Wall forming external boundary of building (enclosing habitable space).
— Under-building wall (supporting the building, as part of foundations).
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
— Manhole wall (part of drainage system).
— Retaining wall (achieves a change of level on a site).
— Garden wall (encloses or divides areas of the site).
2.8
work result
construction result achieved in the production stage or by subsequent alteration, maintenance or
demolition processes
Note 1 to entry: Such results are identified by one or more of the following: the particular skill or trade involved;
the construction resources used; the part of the construction entity that results; the temporary work or other
preparatory or completion work which results.
Note 2 to entry: (Installed) reinforcement for concrete, (laid) brickwork, (installed) ventilation duct, (applied)
asphalt surface, (erected) scaffolding, (constructed) temporary site accommodation.
Note 3 to entry: A work result may form a permanent material part or parts of a construction entity, or it may
be “enabling”, i.e. necessary to enable the construction entity itself to be constructed. There are two types of
enabling work results: temporary work results (e.g. scaffolding and temporary roads) and non-material work
results (e.g. snow clearing).
2.9
designed element
element for which the work result(s) have been defined
EXAMPLE Wall of gypsum board fixed to timber studs, wearing course (of a road) of rolled asphalt.
2.10
space
three-dimensional, material construction result contained within, or otherwise associated with, a
building or other construction entity
Note 1 to entry: A space may be bounded physically or notionally.
EXAMPLE Room, corridor, atrium, cleared zone (at an airport), roadway, square, working space around a
machine, swimming pool.
Note 2 to entry: One of the key properties of a space is the nature of its boundaries; e.g. a room is a space which is
bounded on all sides by solid elements, whereas a working space around a machine is often not bounded by solid
elements on any sides (other than a floor), but will have notional boundaries.
Note 3 to entry: Another key property of a space is the function or user activity it is intended to serve. Spaces are
often named according to this intended or actual function/user activity, e.g. office space, operating theatre, sports
hall, boiler room, garden.
Note 4 to entry: Traditionally the concept of space has mainly been applied to buildings, but it is often applied to
other types of construction entity.
2.11
construction process
process which transforms construction resources into construction results
EXAMPLE 1 Broad classes — design, production, maintenance, demolition.
EXAMPLE 2 Narrower classes — formulation of design brief, structural design, product supply, facilities
operation, cleaning, applying, taking up (e.g. a road), reheating.
Note 1 to entry: Each broad process may be split up into its component processes; e.g. the design process may
be split up into space design, structural design and services design; the production process may be split up
into production planning, product supply and work processes. Work processes may be further split up into the
separate types of work such as brick walling, in-situ concrete construction and installation of lifts.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
2.12
management process
construction process with the purpose of planning, administrating or assessing
2.13
work process
predominant construction process which results in a work result
EXAMPLE Installing reinforcement for concrete, installing ventilation ducts, applying asphalt surfaces,
erecting scaffolding, repairing concrete.
Note 1 to entry: “Process” is closely related to “stage”, which is a period of time identified by the overall character
of the processes that occur within it. There are two types of stage of interest for construction information:
construction entity lifecycle stage and project stage.
2.14
construction entity lifecycle stage
period of time in the lifecycle of a construction entity, identified by the overall character of the
construction processes which occur within it
EXAMPLE See 2.15: a) inception/design/production, b) use/maintenance, c) refurbishment/alteration/
recommissioning, d) decommissioning/demolition.
Note 1 to entry: Associated with lifecycle stages are a series of states of construction entities; e.g. a construction
entity for which the design stage has not been completed is said to be in the “designed” state; a construction entity
for which the production stage has been completed is said to be in the “produced” state.
2.15
project stage
period of time in the duration of a construction project identified by the overall character of the
construction processes which occur within it
EXAMPLE See A.12.
Note 1 to entry: A construction project can be initiated at any stage in the lifecycle of a construction entity,
therefore the design stage of a project does not have to occur in the design lifecycle stage of the construction
entity. Examples of stages of projects initiated at different stages in the lifecycle of a construction entity are given
in a) to d).
a) Creation of a construction entity from initial concept up to occupation by its users. Project stages might
include inception, design, production information, tender, construction, commissioning.
b) Maintenance/servicing of a construction entity over a given period. Project stages might include specification,
tender, maintenance.
c) Refurbishment and/or alteration of a construction entity. Project stages might include inception, design,
production information, tender, construction, commissioning.
d) Demolition of a construction entity. Project stages might include documentation, tender, demolition.
Construction entity lifecycle stages and project stages are thus separate concepts, both closely related to the
different types of construction process.
2.16
construction resource
construction object used in a construction process to achieve a construction result
2.17
construction product
material construction resource intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or
another construction entity
EXAMPLE Door, window, brick, permanent formwork, electric cable, asphalt, pipe, boiler, paint, proprietary
curtain walling system.
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Note 1 to entry: A construction product may take the form of a single product, a component or a “kit of parts.”
Note 2 to entry: It is the intended “normal” use of a construction product which is important; e.g. where a
construction product (such as plywood) is used to construct temporary works (such as a security fence round
a construction site), it is nevertheless a construction product (not a construction aid) because the manufacturer
intends it normally to be incorporated in a permanent manner.
2.18
construction aid
material construction resource not intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or
other construction entity
EXAMPLE Scaffolding, temporary formwork, machines, tools, CAD system, fuel and power.
Note 1 to entry: It is the intended “normal” use of the construction aid which is important; e.g. if formwork which
is intended to be temporary (i.e. reusable) is left in place (either deliberately or due to unforeseen circumstances),
it is nevertheless a construction aid, not a construction product.
2.19
construction agent
human participant in a construction process
EXAMPLE Bricklayer, plasterer, architect, site manager.
2.20
construction information
information used to support one or more construction processes
EXAMPLE Textbooks, specifications, drawings.
Note 1 to entry: Construction information includes general reference information as well as project information.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3 4 Framework for classification Basic principles
3.1 4.1 Basic Object and process model
This text is supported by Figure 1.
The framework is based on the following simple process model:starting point for the design of
construction complexes and construction entities is a need. Documentation of user activities and
functional requirements is an important part of the information needed in the construction process.
However, classification of user activity is considered outside the scope of this International Standard.
— construction resources are used in or required for construction processes, the output of which are
construction results.
It is useful to identify the stage in the lifecycle of a construction entity at which the model is applied since
this will affect the nature of the resources used, the typeThe different classes in the standard are related
in a basic process model which states that a construction process uses construction resources to achieve
construction results. It creates a principal structure for the classes of greatest interest. The stage of the
construction process and the resulting state of the construction entity. During the production stage
the overall process is production of a construction entity; resources include bricks, concrete, windows,
labourers and bricklayers. The overall result is the produced construction entity. During the design
stage the overall process is design of a construction entity (this may be subdivided into various types
of design processes). Resources include design aids (such as the computer software for CAD), the design
brief, reference information and the designer. The overall result is the designed construction entity.
During the maintenance stage the overall process is maintenance of a construction entity. Resources
include the various replacement parts for the construction entity and the maintenance engineer and
the overall result is the maintained construction entity. lifecycle characterizes a construction process.
There are four main types of construction processes: pre-design process, design process, production
process, and maintenance process.Figure 1 shows the resources used and the results obtained at various
construction entity lifecycle stages.
Construction entities enable user activities and functional requirements. They can be aggregated into
construction complexes. Construction entities consist of construction elements which can be made up
of parts in several levels of complexity.
A space is an activity space, a built space, or a construction space. A built space is defined by construction
results. Spaces can have spatial relationships such as ‘contained in’ or ‘adjoining’.
The process model categories of results, processes and resources provide a high level structure for the
classes which are of greatest interest and importance in the organization of construction information.
Definitions and notes for these classes are given in Construction resources comprise construction
products, construction aids, construction agents, and construction information. The difference between
a construction resource and a construction result is a question of its relation to a construction process
and not of difference in object class. For example, construction information may be used as a resource to
inform and control a construction process, or may be the result of such a process itselfclause 2.
Construction objects have construction properties. Properties are represented as attributes in
construction information.
10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Organization model.
User activity
uses
Construction
Built space
complex
aggregateof
defined by
part of
view on
Work result Construction result Construction entity
resultsin
part of
Construction
element
part of
occursduring part of
Construction
Management
process lifecycle
controls
Construction Construction
Pre-design process
product process
uses
Construction aid Design process
Construction
resource
Constructionagent Production process
Construction Maintenance
information process
Figure 1 — Resources and results for various construction entity lifecycle stages Classes and
the general relationship between them
The schema notation is in simplified form of EXPRESS-G.
A bold line with a circle depicts a type-of relation and a non-bold line other relations. The rounded box
represents reference to another schema.
Figure 1 is simplified and should be read together with other parts of this International Standard.
3.2 4.2 Property/characteristic Classification and composition
Members of all the classes defined in Classification systems mayclause 2 have properties and
characteristics. These can be u
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12006-2
Redline version
compares Second edition to
First edition
Building construction — Organization
of information about construction
works —
Part 2:
Framework for classification
Construction immobilière — Organisation de l’information des
travaux de construction —
Partie 2: Plan type pour la classification
Reference number
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
IMPORTANT — PLEASE NOTE
This is a mark-up copy and uses the following colour coding:
Text example 1 — indicates added text (in green)
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— indicates added graphic figure
— indicates removed graphic figure
1.x . — Heading numbers containg modifications are highlighted in yellow in
the Table of Contents
All changes in this document have yet to reach concensus by vote and as such should only
be used internally for review purposes.
DISCLAIMER
This Redline version provides you with a quick and easy way to compare the main changes
between this edition of the standard and its previous edition. It doesn’t capture all single
changes such as punctuation but highlights the modifications providing customers with
the most valuable information. Therefore it is important to note that this Redline version is
not the official ISO standard and that the users must consult with the clean version of the
standard, which is the official standard, for implementation purposes.
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
0.1 The status quo .v
0.2 The need for standardization .v
0.3 Other work of relevance . .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
2 3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 General . 2
3.2 Construction resource . 3
3.3 Construction process . 3
3.4 Construction result . 4
3.5 Construction property . 6
3 4 Framework for classification Basic principles .10
3.1 4.1 Basic Object and process model .10
3.2 4.2 Property/characteristic Classification and composition .12
4.3 Classification (type-of) .14
4.4 Systems and compositional structuring (part-of) .14
3.3 4.5 Summary list of classes Other classification tables .14
3.4 4.6 Relationships between classes Properties .15
4 5 Recommended classification tables .16
Annex A (informative) Classification table titles and headings examples .19
Annex B (informative) Classification concepts .33
Bibliography .36
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards areThe procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its
further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval
criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted
in accordance with the rules given ineditorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 32 (see www.iso.
org/directives).
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part ofdocument ISO 12006may
be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the
Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
ISO 12006-2 was prepared by Technical CommitteeThe committee responsible for this document is
ISO/TC 59, Building constructionBuildings and civil engineering works, Subcommittee SC 13, Organization
of information about construction works.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12006-2:2001), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 12006 consists of the following parts, under the general title Building construction — Organization
of information about construction works:
— Part 2: Framework for classification of information
— Part 3: Framework for object-oriented information exchange
AnnexAnnexes A and B of this part of ISO 12006 isare for information only.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Introduction
0.1 The status quo
At present there is little international standardization of classifications for construction. The
construction industries of individual countries, even adjacent countries, have tended to remain separate
because of differences of culture and legislation, and each has developed its own methods of arranging
information. National classifications can be difficult to change and there may seem insufficient reason
to do so.
The most widely used classifications are work sections (mainly for specifications) and elements (mainly
for cost analysis). They are also the most widely varied, not only in their itemization and structure but
also in the range of other purposes to which they are put. There are other classifications, potentially
just as important, which have not yet been used to the same degree, e.g. construction products and
properties/characteristics.
0.1 Background
0.2 The need for standardization
Modern information systems for the construction industry, whether local or networked, need to handle
data of many different types, e.g. geometrical data, technical properties, cost data, maintenance data, for
use within different applications such as CAD, specification, product information and cost information
systems. All these data and the relations between them need to be defined and structured in such a way
that the stored information is consistent and reliable within and between the different applications.
This part of ISO 12006 was first produced when there was little international standardization of
classification systems for construction. Now, several national classification systems have been
developed, for example, in North America, Scandinavia, and the UK, that implement the 2001 edition.
Lessons learned in these implementations have been applied in this second edition.
0.3 Other work of relevance
The following groups specifically address the issue of computerized exchange of data.
— ISO/TC 184, Industrial automation systems and integration, SC 4, Industrial data (STEP – Standard for
the Exchange of Product model data). STEP is a standard for computer-interpretable representation
and exchange of product data. Exchange of information has been initiated between those working
in TC 184/SC 4 on the Building Construction Core Model (BCCM) and TC 59/SC 13 for co-ordination
of basic construction information concepts.
— UN/EDIFACT with its regional organizations, e.g. EBES (European Board for EDI Standards) and
PAEB (Pan American EDIFACT Board). Groups concerned specifically with the construction industry
are, at a global level, JM7 AEC and, at a European level, EBES EEG05 (EBES Expert Group 05 AEC), the
latter working within the European user group EDIBUILD.
— ISO/TC 59/SC 13 has started work on a framework for object-oriented information exchange in the
construction industry.
— ISO/TC 10/SC 8 has produced ISO 13567-1, ISO 13567-2 and TR 13567 on the organization and
naming of layers for CAD.
— IAI (International Alliance for Interoperability) is an international body which is developing
Industry Foundation Classes, an industry standard for holding and exchanging digital data.
This part of ISO 12006 has also been revised to take into account developments in information technology
(notably building information modelling) and construction procurement (for example, design-build
and design-build-operate). It has been extended and definitions have been refined to better serve all
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
construction sectors, including building, civil engineering, and even process engineering. However, it
continues to serve traditional information technologies and procurement methods.
A survey conducted as part of the work towards this edition showed that the most widely used
classifications remain work results (mainly for specifications) and elements (mainly for cost analysis).
They are also the most widely varied classification tables not only in their itemization and structure but
also in the range of purposes to which they are put. There are other classifications, potentially just as
important, which are used to a lesser degree, e.g. for construction products and properties.
0.2 The need for standardization
Building information modelling and modern forms of procurement require all these construction
object classes to be used, along with many others. Building information modelling, in particular, is
about exchange of information of all types along the project time line and between participants and
applications. This is also the case for cooperative forms of procurement. For this exchange to be
successful, a complete and consistent approach to construction object classification is required within
the project, and between projects. This part of ISO 12006 is intended to facilitate this exchange.
Information types include geometrical data, functional and technical data, and cost data and
maintenance data. The project timeline runs from inception to eventual demolition. Participants include
clients, designers, authorities, constructors, end users, and operators. Applications include modelling,
specification, product information, and cost information systems. Even now, there is still pressure for
each of these to retain, or even develop, its own classification silo. This is not sustainable.
While national classifications that implement this part are still likely to differ in their detail (for
example, due to differences in construction culture and legislation), mapping between them should be
fairly straightforward. This is because they will be using the same overarching classification framework
and construction object class definitions. This, in turn, will help with international construction project
work (with participants from many countries), and with development of applications intended to be
used internationally.
0.3 The content of this part
This part of ISO 12006 defines a framework for construction-sector classification systems and identifies
a set of recommended classification tables and their titles for a range of construction object classes
according to particular views, supported by definitions.
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Building construction — Organization of information
about construction works —
Part 2:
Framework for classification
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12006 defines a framework for the development of built environment classification
systems. It identifies a set of recommended classification table titles for a range of information object
classes according to particular views, e.g. by form or function, supported by definitions. It shows how
the object classes classified in each table are related, as a series of systems and sub-systems, e.g. in a
building information model.
This part of ISO 12006 defines a framework and a set of recommended table titles supported by
definitions, but not the detailed content of these tablesdoes not provide a complete operational
classification system, nor does it provide the content of the tables, though it does give examples. It is
intended for use by organizations which develop and publish such classification systems and tables
on a national or regional basis., which may vary in detail to suit local needs. However, if this part of
ISO 12006 is applied in the development of local classification systems and tables, then harmonization
between them will be facilitated.
This part of ISO 12006 applies to the complete life cycle of construction works, including briefing, design,
production, maintenance and demolition, anddocumentation, construction, operation and maintenance,
and demolition. It applies to both building and civil engineering works, including associated engineering
services and landscaping.
It identifies classes for the organization of information and indicates how these classes are related.
This part of ISO 12006 lists the tables which are recommended to be developed and used to classify the
members of each class according to particular views or principles of specialization and gives examples
of entries which might occur in these tables.
It does not provide a complete operational classification system. Classification tables may vary in detail
to suit local needs.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 22274, Systems to manage terminology, knowledge and content — Concept-related aspects for
developing and internationalizing classification systems
2 3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 12006, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.1 General
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE 1 The definitions are arranged in the following order: construction resource, construction process,
construction result, and construction properties.
NOTE 2 In the definitions, terms that are defined elsewhere within this clause are shown in italics.
NOTE 3 Examples are given in Annex A.
3.1.1
object
any part of the perceivable or conceivable world
Note 1 to entry: An object is something abstract or physical toward which thought, feeling, or action is directed.
3.1.2
construction object
object (3.1.1) of interest in the context of a construction process (3.3.2)
3.1.3
construction system
interacting construction objects (3.1.2) organized to achieve one or more purposes
Note 1 to entry: Construction systems can be classified in accordance with this International Standard.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15288:2008, modified]
3.1.4
type-of relation
relation between two concepts where the intention of one of the concepts includes that of the other
concept and at least one additional delimiting characteristic
Note 1 to entry: Type-of relation is also known as generic relation.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.21]
3.1.5
part-of relation
relation between two construction objects where one object constitutes the whole and the other a part
of that whole
Note 1 to entry: Part-of relation is also known as partitive relation, part-whole relation, or whole-part relation.
Note 2 to entry: See also ISO/IEC 81346-1.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.22, modified]
3.1.6
natural environment
non-artificial environment of any physical construction object (3.1.2)
3.1.7
built environment
physical construction result (3.4.6) intended to serve a function or user activity
Note 1 to entry: The built environment may be viewed as a system of either built space or built structure.
3.1.8
space
limited three-dimensional extent defined physically or notionally
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.1.9
activity space
space (3.1.8) defined by the spatial extension of an activity
Note 1 to entry: A spatial extension of an activity, for example, a table or a bed, and the activity space around them.
2.1
object
any part of the perceivable or conceivable world
3.2 Construction resource
3.2.1
construction agent
human construction resource (3.2.5) carrying out a construction process (3.3.2)
3.2.2
construction aid
construction resource (3.2.5) intended to assist in carrying out a construction process (3.3.2)
Note 1 to entry: A construction aid is generally not intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a
construction entity.
3.2.3
construction information
information of interest in a construction process (3.3.2)
Note 1 to entry: Construction information may be seen both as a construction resource and as a construction
result.
3.2.4
construction product
product intended to be used as a construction resource (3.2.5)
Note 1 to entry: Construction products have different complexity and can, by themselves or together with others,
make up the parts in any level of assembly of construction entities.
3.2.5
construction resource
construction object (3.1.2) used in a construction process (3.3.2) to achieve a construction result (3.4.6)
2.2
construction object
object of importance to the construction industry
3.3 Construction process
3.3.1
construction activity
component process of construction process
3.3.2
construction process
process which uses construction resources (3.2.5) to achieve construction results (3.4.6)
Note 1 to entry: Each construction process may be split up into its component processes.
Note 2 to entry: See also ISO 22263:2008.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.3.3
construction process lifecycle
sequence of stages from the start to the end of the construction process (3.3.2)
3.3.4
pre-design process
construction process (3.3.2) determining construction properties (3.5.1) for the built environment (3.1.7)
before it is designed
3.3.5
design process
construction process (3.3.2) determining construction properties (3.5.1) for the built environment (3.1.7)
before it is made physical
3.3.6
production process
construction process (3.3.2) resulting in built environment (3.1.7)
Note 1 to entry: Production process includes demolition and recycling process.
3.3.7
maintenance process
construction process (3.3.2) preserving the function of, or operating, the built environment (3.1.7)
3.3.8
management
control activity in a construction process (3.3.2) by one or more construction agents
2.3
construction result
construction object which is formed or changed in state as the result of one or more construction
processes utilizing one or more construction resources
EXAMPLE Office building, installed reinforcement bar, ventilation system, bridge, asphalt surface, enclosed
space.
Note 1 to entry: A construction result need not have a physical existence; e.g. a “designed” office building is a
construction result, even though it has not yet been constructed; similarly a “demolished” office building is a
construction result, even though it no longer has a physical existence.
Note 2 to entry: A manufactured “reinforcement bar” is a construction resource until it has been acted upon by
a construction process, after which it becomes a construction result. In other words an installed “reinforcement
bar” is a construction result, but a “reinforcement bar” in storage in a manufacturer’s warehouse is a construction
resource.
3.4 Construction result
3.4.1
construction complex
aggregate of one or more construction entities (3.4.2) intended to serve at least one function or user
activity
Note 1 to entry: A construction complex can be analysed and the construction entities that go to make it up, can
be identified; e.g. an airport typically is composed of the construction entities runway, control tower, terminal
building, aircraft hangar, etc. A business park typically is composed of a number of buildings, access roads, and
landscaping (each a construction entity in its own right). A motorway from A to B typically is composed of service
stations, the motorway pavement, bridges, embankments, landscaping, etc.
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3.4.2
construction entity
independent unit of the built environment (3.1.7) with a characteristic form and spatial structure,
intended to serve at least one function or user activity
Note 1 to entry: A construction entity is the basic unit of the built environment. It is recognizable as a physically
independent construction even though a number of construction entities might be seen as parts of a particular
construction complex. Ancillary works such as access roads, landscaping, service connections, may be regarded
as part of a construction entity. Conversely, when ancillary works are of sufficient scale, they may be regarded as
construction entities in their own right.
3.4.3
construction element
constituent of a construction entity (3.4.2) with a characteristic function, form, or position
Note 1 to entry: For practical purposes, such as when carrying out a cost analysis of a construction entity, it is
vital that construction elements are mutually exclusive, in order to ensure that each part is counted once and only
once.
3.4.4
built space
space (3.1.8) defined by built (3.1.7)or natural environment (3.1.6) or both, intended for user activity or
equipment
Note 1 to entry: A built space is, for example, a room defined by floor, ceiling, and wall, or a footpath, or power-line
corridor defined by a natural forest.
Note 2 to entry: Spaces occupied by construction elements are known as construction spaces, and are handled as
properties of construction elements themselves.
3.4.5
zone
space (3.1.8) or spaces with a particular function
Note 1 to entry: Zones may be defined by physical or notional properties, e.g. fire safety zone, climate zone,
smoking area, and quiet zone.
3.4.6
construction result
construction object (3.1.2) which is formed or changed in state as the result of one or more construction
processes (3.3.2) using one or more construction resources (3.2.5)
3.4.7
construction result lifecycle
period of time from inception to the demolition of a construction result (3.4.6)
3.4.8
work result
view of construction result (3.4.6) by type of work activity and resources used
Note 1 to entry: A production work result can be enabling, creating resources.
2.4
construction entity
independent material construction result of significant scale serving at least one user activity or function
EXAMPLE Building, bridge, road, dam, tower, sewer, museum (if a single structure), sports field, sewage
settlement tank, cycleway.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Note 1 to entry: A construction entity is the basic unit of the built environment. It is recognizable as a physically
independent construction even though a number of construction entities might be built as parts of a particular
construction complex. Ancillary works such as access roads, landscaping, service connections, may be regarded as
part of a construction entity. Conversely, when ancillary works are of sufficient scale they may often be regarded
as construction entities in their own right.
3.5 Construction property
3.5.1
construction property
property of a construction object (3.1.2)
2.5
construction complex
two or more adjacent construction entities collectively serving one or more user activity or function
EXAMPLE Airport, sewage treatment works, business park, port, motorway, shopping and sports complexes.
Note 1 to entry: A construction complex can be analysed and the construction entities that go to make it up,
identified; e.g. an airport typically is composed of the construction entities runway, control tower, terminal
building, aircraft hangar, etc. A business park typically is composed of a number of buildings, access roads and
landscaping (each a construction entity in its own right). A motorway typically is composed of service stations,
the motorway pavement, bridges, embankments, landscaping, etc.
2.6
construction entity part
solid (as distinct from liquid or gaseous), material part of a construction entity, having physically
delineated boundaries
EXAMPLE Wall, door, door handle, wash basin, road surface, bridge pier, pipeline valve, light switch, roof,
heating system, sluice gates.
2.7
element
construction entity part which, in itself or in combination with other such parts, fulfils a predominating
function of the construction entity
EXAMPLE 1 (element): External wall, floor, roof, foundation, column, lighting system, ventilation system,
culinary furnishings, sanitary equipment.
EXAMPLE 2 (predominating function): Space enclosing, supporting, servicing, furnishing.
Note 1 to entry: For practical purposes, such as when carrying out a cost analysis of a construction entity, it is vital
that elements be defined as exhaustive and mutually exclusive, in order to ensure that each part is counted once
and only once. Where an element contributes to more than one of the predominating functions of the construction
entity, such as an internal wall that provides support as well as enclosing space, for the purposes of an element
table one of these must be designated the “characteristic” predominating function. By “characteristic” is meant
“generally the most significant”.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of internal walls of buildings “space enclosing” may be chosen because not all such
walls provide structural support and, during the early stages of design, it may not be known whether a wall will be
load-bearing or not. Conversely, it may be considered advantageous to regard load-bearing and non-load-bearing
internal walls as distinct elements, the first being classified under the predominating function “supporting” and
the second classified under “space enclosing”.
Note 3 to entry: An element is fundamentally different from a construction entity part; e.g. when constructing a
classification table for construction entity parts, the objects listed below are likely to be defined as types of “wall”.
However, their characteristic functions (given in parentheses) are quite different. Therefore when constructing a
classification table for elements, they will not be grouped together.
— Wall forming external boundary of building (enclosing habitable space).
— Under-building wall (supporting the building, as part of foundations).
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
— Manhole wall (part of drainage system).
— Retaining wall (achieves a change of level on a site).
— Garden wall (encloses or divides areas of the site).
2.8
work result
construction result achieved in the production stage or by subsequent alteration, maintenance or
demolition processes
Note 1 to entry: Such results are identified by one or more of the following: the particular skill or trade involved;
the construction resources used; the part of the construction entity that results; the temporary work or other
preparatory or completion work which results.
Note 2 to entry: (Installed) reinforcement for concrete, (laid) brickwork, (installed) ventilation duct, (applied)
asphalt surface, (erected) scaffolding, (constructed) temporary site accommodation.
Note 3 to entry: A work result may form a permanent material part or parts of a construction entity, or it may
be “enabling”, i.e. necessary to enable the construction entity itself to be constructed. There are two types of
enabling work results: temporary work results (e.g. scaffolding and temporary roads) and non-material work
results (e.g. snow clearing).
2.9
designed element
element for which the work result(s) have been defined
EXAMPLE Wall of gypsum board fixed to timber studs, wearing course (of a road) of rolled asphalt.
2.10
space
three-dimensional, material construction result contained within, or otherwise associated with, a
building or other construction entity
Note 1 to entry: A space may be bounded physically or notionally.
EXAMPLE Room, corridor, atrium, cleared zone (at an airport), roadway, square, working space around a
machine, swimming pool.
Note 2 to entry: One of the key properties of a space is the nature of its boundaries; e.g. a room is a space which is
bounded on all sides by solid elements, whereas a working space around a machine is often not bounded by solid
elements on any sides (other than a floor), but will have notional boundaries.
Note 3 to entry: Another key property of a space is the function or user activity it is intended to serve. Spaces are
often named according to this intended or actual function/user activity, e.g. office space, operating theatre, sports
hall, boiler room, garden.
Note 4 to entry: Traditionally the concept of space has mainly been applied to buildings, but it is often applied to
other types of construction entity.
2.11
construction process
process which transforms construction resources into construction results
EXAMPLE 1 Broad classes — design, production, maintenance, demolition.
EXAMPLE 2 Narrower classes — formulation of design brief, structural design, product supply, facilities
operation, cleaning, applying, taking up (e.g. a road), reheating.
Note 1 to entry: Each broad process may be split up into its component processes; e.g. the design process may
be split up into space design, structural design and services design; the production process may be split up
into production planning, product supply and work processes. Work processes may be further split up into the
separate types of work such as brick walling, in-situ concrete construction and installation of lifts.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
2.12
management process
construction process with the purpose of planning, administrating or assessing
2.13
work process
predominant construction process which results in a work result
EXAMPLE Installing reinforcement for concrete, installing ventilation ducts, applying asphalt surfaces,
erecting scaffolding, repairing concrete.
Note 1 to entry: “Process” is closely related to “stage”, which is a period of time identified by the overall character
of the processes that occur within it. There are two types of stage of interest for construction information:
construction entity lifecycle stage and project stage.
2.14
construction entity lifecycle stage
period of time in the lifecycle of a construction entity, identified by the overall character of the
construction processes which occur within it
EXAMPLE See 2.15: a) inception/design/production, b) use/maintenance, c) refurbishment/alteration/
recommissioning, d) decommissioning/demolition.
Note 1 to entry: Associated with lifecycle stages are a series of states of construction entities; e.g. a construction
entity for which the design stage has not been completed is said to be in the “designed” state; a construction entity
for which the production stage has been completed is said to be in the “produced” state.
2.15
project stage
period of time in the duration of a construction project identified by the overall character of the
construction processes which occur within it
EXAMPLE See A.12.
Note 1 to entry: A construction project can be initiated at any stage in the lifecycle of a construction entity,
therefore the design stage of a project does not have to occur in the design lifecycle stage of the construction
entity. Examples of stages of projects initiated at different stages in the lifecycle of a construction entity are given
in a) to d).
a) Creation of a construction entity from initial concept up to occupation by its users. Project stages might
include inception, design, production information, tender, construction, commissioning.
b) Maintenance/servicing of a construction entity over a given period. Project stages might include specification,
tender, maintenance.
c) Refurbishment and/or alteration of a construction entity. Project stages might include inception, design,
production information, tender, construction, commissioning.
d) Demolition of a construction entity. Project stages might include documentation, tender, demolition.
Construction entity lifecycle stages and project stages are thus separate concepts, both closely related to the
different types of construction process.
2.16
construction resource
construction object used in a construction process to achieve a construction result
2.17
construction product
material construction resource intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or
another construction entity
EXAMPLE Door, window, brick, permanent formwork, electric cable, asphalt, pipe, boiler, paint, proprietary
curtain walling system.
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Note 1 to entry: A construction product may take the form of a single product, a component or a “kit of parts.”
Note 2 to entry: It is the intended “normal” use of a construction product which is important; e.g. where a
construction product (such as plywood) is used to construct temporary works (such as a security fence round
a construction site), it is nevertheless a construction product (not a construction aid) because the manufacturer
intends it normally to be incorporated in a permanent manner.
2.18
construction aid
material construction resource not intended for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building or
other construction entity
EXAMPLE Scaffolding, temporary formwork, machines, tools, CAD system, fuel and power.
Note 1 to entry: It is the intended “normal” use of the construction aid which is important; e.g. if formwork which
is intended to be temporary (i.e. reusable) is left in place (either deliberately or due to unforeseen circumstances),
it is nevertheless a construction aid, not a construction product.
2.19
construction agent
human participant in a construction process
EXAMPLE Bricklayer, plasterer, architect, site manager.
2.20
construction information
information used to support one or more construction processes
EXAMPLE Textbooks, specifications, drawings.
Note 1 to entry: Construction information includes general reference information as well as project information.
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
3 4 Framework for classification Basic principles
3.1 4.1 Basic Object and process model
This text is supported by Figure 1.
The framework is based on the following simple process model:starting point for the design of
construction complexes and construction entities is a need. Documentation of user activities and
functional requirements is an important part of the information needed in the construction process.
However, classification of user activity is considered outside the scope of this International Standard.
— construction resources are used in or required for construction processes, the output of which are
construction results.
It is useful to identify the stage in the lifecycle of a construction entity at which the model is applied since
this will affect the nature of the resources used, the typeThe different classes in the standard are related
in a basic process model which states that a construction process uses construction resources to achieve
construction results. It creates a principal structure for the classes of greatest interest. The stage of the
construction process and the resulting state of the construction entity. During the production stage
the overall process is production of a construction entity; resources include bricks, concrete, windows,
labourers and bricklayers. The overall result is the produced construction entity. During the design
stage the overall process is design of a construction entity (this may be subdivided into various types
of design processes). Resources include design aids (such as the computer software for CAD), the design
brief, reference information and the designer. The overall result is the designed construction entity.
During the maintenance stage the overall process is maintenance of a construction entity. Resources
include the various replacement parts for the construction entity and the maintenance engineer and
the overall result is the maintained construction entity. lifecycle characterizes a construction process.
There are four main types of construction processes: pre-design process, design process, production
process, and maintenance process.Figure 1 shows the resources used and the results obtained at various
construction entity lifecycle stages.
Construction entities enable user activities and functional requirements. They can be aggregated into
construction complexes. Construction entities consist of construction elements which can be made up
of parts in several levels of complexity.
A space is an activity space, a built space, or a construction space. A built space is defined by construction
results. Spaces can have spatial relationships such as ‘contained in’ or ‘adjoining’.
The process model categories of results, processes and resources provide a high level structure for the
classes which are of greatest interest and importance in the organization of construction information.
Definitions and notes for these classes are given in Construction resources comprise construction
products, construction aids, construction agents, and construction information. The difference between
a construction resource and a construction result is a question of its relation to a construction process
and not of difference in object class. For example, construction information may be used as a resource to
inform and control a construction process, or may be the result of such a process itselfclause 2.
Construction objects have construction properties. Properties are represented as attributes in
construction information.
10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
ISO 12006-2:redline:2015(E)
Organization model.
User activity
uses
Construction
Built space
complex
aggregateof
defined by
part of
view on
Work result Construction result Construction entity
resultsin
part of
Construction
element
part of
occursduring part of
Construction
Management
process lifecycle
controls
Construction Construction
Pre-design process
product process
uses
Construction aid Design process
Construction
resource
Constructionagent Production process
Construction Maintenance
information process
Figure 1 — Resources and results for various construction entity lifecycle stages Classes and
the general relationship between them
The schema notation is in simplified form of EXPRESS-G.
A bold line with a circle depicts a type-of relation and a non-bold line other relations. The rounded box
represents reference to another schema.
Figure 1 is simplified and should be read together with other parts of this International Standard.
3.2 4.2 Property/characteristic Classification and composition
Members of all the classes defined in Classification systems mayclause 2 have properties and
characteristics. These can be u
...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 12006-2
Deuxième édition
2015-05-01
Construction immobilière —
Organisation de l'information des
travaux de construction —
Partie 2:
Cadre pour les classifications
Building construction — Organization of information about
construction works —
Part 2: Framework for classification
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2015
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© ISO 2015
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publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique,
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Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d’application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
3.1 Généralités . 1
3.2 Ressource de construction . 3
3.3 Processus de construction . 3
3.4 Résultat de construction . 4
3.5 Propriété de construction . 5
4 Principes de base . 5
4.1 Objet et modèle de processus . 5
4.2 Classification et composition . 7
4.3 Classification («type de») . 8
4.4 Systèmes et structuration compositionnelle («partie de») . 8
4.5 Autres tableaux de classification . 8
4.6 Propriétés . 9
5 Tableaux de classification recommandés . 9
Annexe A (informative) Intitulés et exemples de tableaux de classification .11
Annexe B (informative) Concepts de classification .21
Bibliographie .24
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est
en général confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude
a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales,
gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux.
L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a été
rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir www
.iso .org/ directives).
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable
de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence. Les détails concernant
les références aux droits de propriété intellectuelle ou autres droits analogues identifiés lors de
l’élaboration du document sont indiqués dans l’Introduction et/ou dans la liste des déclarations de
brevets reçues par l’ISO (voir www .iso .org/ brevets).
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données
pour information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un
engagement.
Pour une explication de la signification des termes et expressions spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation
de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de l’ISO aux principes de l’OMC
concernant les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC), voir le lien suivant: www .iso .org/ iso/ fr/
foreword .html.
Le comité chargé de l’élaboration du présent document est l’ISO/TC 59, Bâtiments et ouvrages de génie
civil, sous-comité SC 13, Organisation de l’information des travaux de construction.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 12006-2:2001), qui a fait l’objet
d’une révision technique.
L’ISO 12006 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Construction immobilière —
Organisation de l’information des travaux de construction:
— Partie 2: Cadre pour les classifications
— Partie 3: Schéma pour l’information basée sur l’objet
Les Annexes A et B de la présente partie de l’ISO 12006 sont données uniquement à titre d’information.
iv © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
Introduction
0.1 Contexte
La présente partie de l’ISO 12006 a été élaborée pour la première fois alors qu’il y avait peu de
normalisation internationale des systèmes de classification pour la construction. Depuis, plusieurs
systèmes de classification nationaux ont été développés, par exemple en Amérique du Nord, en
Scandinavie et au Royaume-Uni, en mettant en œuvre l’édition de 2001. Les enseignements tirés de ces
mises en œuvre ont été appliqués dans cette deuxième édition.
La présente partie de l’ISO 12006 a également été révisée pour tenir compte de l’évolution des
technologies de l’information (notamment la modélisation des informations de la construction) et
des marchés de la construction (par exemple, conception-construction et conception-construction-
exploitation). Elle a été étendue et les définitions ont été affinées pour mieux couvrir tous les secteurs
de la construction, y compris le bâtiment, le génie civil et même l’ingénierie des processus. Toutefois,
elle continue de s’appliquer aux technologies de l’information et aux méthodes de passation de marchés
traditionnelles.
Une enquête réalisée dans le cadre des travaux de cette édition a montré que les classifications les
plus utilisées restent les résultats des travaux (principalement pour les cahiers des charges) et les
éléments (principalement pour l’analyse des coûts). Il s’agit également des tableaux de classification
les plus variés, non seulement en termes de détail et de structure, mais aussi en ce qui concerne
l’éventail des objectifs auxquels ils sont destinés. Il existe d’autres classifications, potentiellement tout
aussi importantes, qui sont utilisées dans une moindre mesure, par exemple pour les produits et les
propriétés de construction.
0.2 Le besoin de normalisation
La modélisation des informations de la construction et les formes modernes de passation de marchés
exigent l’utilisation de toutes ces classes d’objets de construction, ainsi que de beaucoup d’autres. La
modélisation des informations de la construction, en particulier, concerne l’échange de tous types
d’informations au fil du projet et entre les participants et les applications. C’est également le cas pour
les formes coopératives de passation de marchés. Pour que cet échange soit fructueux, une approche
complète et cohérente de la classification des objets de construction est nécessaire au sein du projet et
entre les projets. La présente partie de l’ISO 12006 vise à faciliter cet échange.
Les types d’information comprennent les données géométriques, les données fonctionnelles et
techniques, les données de coût et les données de maintenance. La chronologie du projet s’étend de
son démarrage jusqu’à la démolition éventuelle. Les participants incluent les maîtres d’ouvrage, les
concepteurs, les autorités, les constructeurs, les utilisateurs finaux et les exploitants. Les applications
comprennent les systèmes de modélisation, de spécification, d’information sur les produits et
d’information sur les coûts. Encore aujourd’hui, des pressions demeurent pour que chacun d’eux
conserve, voire développe, sa propre classification en silo. Ce n’est pas viable dans le temps.
Bien que les classifications nationales qui mettent en œuvre la présente partie soient toujours
susceptibles de différer dans leurs détails (par exemple, en raison des différences de culture et de
législation en matière de construction), il convient que leur mapping reste assez simple. En effet,
elles utiliseront le même cadre général de classification et les mêmes définitions de classes d’objets
de construction, ce qui, à son tour, facilitera les travaux dans le cadre de projets de construction
internationaux (avec des participants de nombreux pays) et le développement d’applications destinées
à être utilisées à l’international.
0.3 Contenu de la présente partie
La présente partie de l’ISO 12006 définit un cadre pour les systèmes de classification du secteur de la
construction et identifie un ensemble de tableaux de classification recommandés et leur intitulé pour
une série de classes d’objets de construction en fonction de points de vue particuliers, avec l’appui de
définitions.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 12006-2:2015(F)
Construction immobilière — Organisation de l'information
des travaux de construction —
Partie 2:
Cadre pour les classifications
1 Domaine d’application
La présente partie de l’ISO 12006 définit un cadre pour l’élaboration de systèmes de classification du
cadre bâti. Elle identifie un ensemble d’intitulés de tableaux de classification recommandés pour une
série de classes d’objets d’information en fonction de points de vue particuliers, par exemple par forme
ou fonction, avec l’appui de définitions. Elle montre comment les classes d’objets répertoriées dans
chaque tableau sont liées, sous la forme d’une série de systèmes et de sous-systèmes, par exemple dans
un modèle d’informations de la construction.
La présente partie de l’ISO 12006 ne fournit pas de système de classification opérationnel complet,
ni le contenu des tableaux, bien que des exemples soient donnés. Elle est destinée aux organismes qui
élaborent et publient de tels systèmes et tableaux de classification, dont les détails peuvent varier en
fonction des besoins locaux. Toutefois, si la présente partie de l’ISO 12006 est appliquée pour l’élaboration
des systèmes et des tableaux de classification locaux, cela facilitera alors leur harmonisation mutuelle.
La présente partie de l’ISO 12006 s’applique à l’ensemble du cycle de vie des travaux de construction,
comprenant la préparation, la conception, la documentation, la construction, l’exploitation, la
maintenance et la démolition. Elle s’applique aux bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil, y compris les
services d’ingénierie et d’aménagement paysager connexes.
2 Références normatives
Les documents suivants sont cités dans le texte de sorte qu’ils constituent, pour tout ou partie de leur
contenu, des exigences du présent document. Pour les références datées, seule l’édition citée s’applique.
Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du document de référence s'applique (y compris les
éventuels amendements).
ISO 22274, Systèmes de gestion de la terminologie, de la connaissance et du contenu — Aspects conceptuels
du développement et de la localisation des systèmes des classement
3 Termes et définitions
3.1 Généralités
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s’appliquent.
NOTE 1 Les définitions sont présentées dans l’ordre suivant: ressource de construction, processus de
construction, résultat de construction et propriétés de construction.
NOTE 2 Dans les définitions, les termes définis ailleurs dans cet article sont indiqués en italique.
NOTE 3 Des exemples sont donnés à l’Annexe A.
3.1.1
objet
toute partie du monde qu’il est possible de percevoir ou de concevoir
Note 1 à l'article: Un objet est une chose abstraite ou physique vers laquelle s’oriente une pensée, un sentiment ou
une action.
3.1.2
objet de construction
objet (3.1.1) d’intérêt dans le contexte d’un processus de construction (3.3.2)
3.1.3
système de construction
objets de construction (3.1.2) agissant ensemble, organisés de façon à atteindre un ou plusieurs buts
Note 1 à l'article: Les systèmes de construction peuvent être classés conformément à la présente Norme
internationale.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 15288:2008, modifiée]
3.1.4
relation «type de»
relation entre deux concepts dans laquelle la compréhension de l’un des concepts inclut celle de l’autre
concept et au moins un caractère distinctif supplémentaire
Note 1 à l'article: La relation «type de» est également appelée relation générique.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.21]
3.1.5
relation «partie de»
relation entre deux objets de construction dans laquelle un objet constitue le tout et l’autre une partie
de ce tout
Note 1 à l'article: La relation «partie de» est également appelée relation partitive, relation partie-tout ou relation
tout-partie.
Note 2 à l'article: Voir également l’ISO/IEC 81346-1.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.22, modifiée]
3.1.6
environnement naturel
environnement non artificiel de tout objet de construction (3.1.2) physique
3.1.7
cadre bâti
résultat de construction (3.4.6) physique destiné à servir une fonction ou une activité d’utilisateur
Note 1 à l'article: Le cadre bâti peut être considéré comme un système d’espace bâti ou de structure bâtie.
3.1.8
espace
étendue tridimensionnelle limitée, définie physiquement ou de manière théorique
3.1.9
espace d’activité
espace (3.1.8) défini par l’extension spatiale d’une activité
Note 1 à l'article: Extension spatiale d’une activité, par exemple une table ou un lit, et l’espace d’activité qui les
entoure.
2 © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
3.2 Ressource de construction
3.2.1
agent de construction
ressource humaine de construction (3.2.5) qui exécute un processus de construction (3.3.2)
3.2.2
aide à la construction
ressource de construction (3.2.5) destinée à faciliter l’exécution d’un processus de construction (3.3.2)
Note 1 à l'article: Une aide à la construction n’est généralement pas destinée à être incorporée de manière
permanente dans une entité de construction.
3.2.3
informations de construction
informations d’intérêt dans un processus de construction (3.3.2)
Note 1 à l'article: Les informations de construction peuvent être considérées à la fois comme une ressource de
construction et comme un résultat de construction.
3.2.4
produit de construction
produit destiné à être utilisé comme ressource de construction (3.2.5)
Note 1 à l'article: Les produits de construction sont de complexité variable et peuvent, seuls ou conjointement
avec d’autres, constituer les parties de n’importe quel niveau d’assemblage des entités de construction.
3.2.5
ressource de construction
objet de construction (3.1.2) utilisé dans un processus de construction (3.3.2) pour obtenir un résultat de
construction (3.4.6)
3.3 Processus de construction
3.3.1
activité de construction
composant du processus de construction
3.3.2
processus de construction
processus qui utilise des ressources de construction (3.2.5) pour atteindre des résultats de
construction (3.4.6)
Note 1 à l'article: Chaque processus de construction peut être divisé en composants de processus.
Note 2 à l'article: Voir également l’ISO 22263:2008.
3.3.3
cycle de vie du processus de construction
séquence d’étapes du début à la fin du processus de construction (3.3.2)
3.3.4
processus de préconception
processus de construction (3.3.2) déterminant les propriétés de construction (3.5.1) pour le cadre bâti
(3.1.7) avant sa conception
3.3.5
processus de conception
processus de construction (3.3.2) déterminant les propriétés de construction (3.5.1) pour le cadre bâti
(3.1.7) avant qu’il ne devienne physique
3.3.6
processus de production
processus de construction (3.3.2) donnant lieu à un cadre bâti (3.1.7)
Note 1 à l'article: Le processus de production inclut les processus de démolition et de recyclage.
3.3.7
processus de maintenance
processus de construction (3.3.2) préservant la fonction du cadre bâti (3.1.7) ou en assurant l’exploitation
3.3.8
gestion
activité de contrôle dans un processus de construction (3.3.2) exercée par un ou plusieurs agents de
construction
3.4 Résultat de construction
3.4.1
complexe de construction
ensemble d’une ou plusieurs entités de construction (3.4.2) destiné à servir au moins une fonction ou
une activité d’utilisateur
Note 1 à l'article: Un complexe de construction peut être analysé et les entités de construction qui le composent
peuvent être identifiées; par exemple, un aéroport est généralement composé des entités de construction piste,
tour de contrôle, aérogare, hangar pour avions, etc. Un parc d’activités est généralement composé d’un certain
nombre de bâtiments, de routes d’accès et d’aménagements paysagers (chacun étant une entité de construction à
part entière). Une autoroute de A à B est généralement composée de stations-service, de la chaussée autoroutière,
de ponts, de remblais, d’aménagements paysagers, etc.
3.4.2
entité de construction
unité indépendante du cadre bâti (3.1.7) ayant une forme et une structure spatiale caractéristiques,
destinée à servir au moins une fonction ou une activité d’utilisateur
Note 1 à l'article: Une entité de construction est l’unité de base du cadre bâti. Elle est reconnaissable en tant que
construction physiquement indépendante, même si certaines entités de construction peuvent être considérées
comme faisant partie d’un complexe de construction particulier. Les ouvrages annexes tels que les routes d’accès,
l’aménagement paysager, les branchements de service, peuvent être considérés comme faisant partie d’une entité
de construction. Inversement, lorsque les ouvrages annexes sont d’une ampleur suffisante, ils peuvent être
considérés comme des entités de construction à part entière.
3.4.3
élément de construction
constituant d’une entité de construction (3.4.2) ayant une fonction, une forme ou une position
caractéristique
Note 1 à l'article: Pour des raisons pratiques, par exemple lors de l’analyse des coûts d’une entité de construction,
il est essentiel que les éléments de construction s’excluent mutuellement, afin de s’assurer que chaque pièce soit
comptée une fois et une seule fois.
3.4.4
espace bâti
espace (3.1.8) défini par le cadre bâti (3.1.7) ou naturel (3.1.6), ou les deux, destiné à l’activité ou à
l’équipement des utilisateurs
Note 1 à l'article: Un espace bâti est, par exemple, une pièce définie par un plancher, un plafond et un mur, ou un
sentier, ou un corridor de lignes électriques défini par une forêt naturelle.
Note 2 à l'article: Les espaces occupés par les éléments de construction sont appelés espaces de construction et
sont traités comme des propriétés des éléments de construction eux-mêmes.
4 © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
3.4.5
zone
espace (3.1.8) ou espaces ayant une fonction particulière
Note 1 à l'article: Les zones peuvent être définies par des propriétés physiques ou théoriques, par exemple zone
de sécurité incendie, zone climatique, zone fumeurs et zone silencieuse.
3.4.6
résultat de construction
objet de construction (3.1.2) qui est formé ou dont l’état est modifié à la suite d’un ou plusieurs processus
de construction (3.3.2) utilisant une ou plusieurs ressources de construction (3.2.5)
3.4.7
cycle de vie du résultat de construction
période allant du démarrage à la démolition d’un résultat de construction (3.4.6)
3.4.8
résultat de travaux
vue du résultat de construction (3.4.6) par type d’activité professionnelle et de ressources utilisées
Note 1 à l'article: Un résultat de travaux de production peut être un élément de facilitation, par la création de
ressources.
3.5 Propriété de construction
3.5.1
propriété de construction
propriété d’un objet de construction (3.1.2)
4 Principes de base
4.1 Objet et modèle de processus
Ce texte est illustré par la Figure 1.
Le point de départ pour la conception de complexes de construction et d’entités de construction est
un besoin. La documentation des activités des utilisateurs et des exigences fonctionnelles représente
une part importante des informations nécessaires dans le processus de construction. Toutefois,
la classification des activités des utilisateurs n’est pas considérée comme relevant du domaine
d’application de la présente Norme internationale.
Les différentes classes spécifiées dans la norme sont reliées entre elles selon un modèle de processus de
base qui stipule qu’un processus de construction utilise des ressources de construction pour obtenir des
résultats de construction. Une structure principale est ainsi créée pour les classes les plus intéressantes.
L’étape du cycle de vie du processus de construction caractérise un processus de construction. Il existe
quatre principaux types de processus de construction: le processus de préconception, le processus de
conception, le processus de production et le processus de maintenance.
Les entités de construction permettent les activités des utilisateurs et répondent aux exigences
fonctionnelles. Elles peuvent être regroupées en complexes de construction. Les entités de construction
se composent d’éléments de construction qui peuvent être constitués de pièces de plusieurs niveaux de
complexité.
Un espace est un espace d’activité, un espace bâti ou un espace de construction. Un espace bâti est
défini par des résultats de construction. Les espaces peuvent avoir des relations spatiales telles que
«contenu dans» ou «adjacent à».
Les ressources de construction comprennent les produits de construction, les aides à la construction,
les agents de construction et les informations de construction. La différence entre une ressource
de construction et un résultat de construction est une question de relation avec un processus de
construction et non de différence de classe d’objets. Par exemple, les informations de construction
peuvent être utilisées comme ressource pour renseigner et contrôler un processus de construction, ou
peuvent être le résultat d’un tel processus lui-même.
Les objets de construction présentent des propriétés de construction. Ces propriétés sont représentées
sous forme d’attributs dans les informations de construction.
Figure 1 — Classes et relation générale entre elles
La notation du schéma est sous la forme EXPRESS-G simplifiée.
Une ligne en gras se terminant par un cercle représente une relation «type de» et les lignes qui ne sont
pas en gras les autres relations. L’encadré arrondi représente une référence à un autre schéma.
La Figure 1 est simplifiée et il convient de la lire conjointement avec les autres parties de la présente
Norme internationale.
6 © ISO 2015 – Tous droits réservés
4.2 Classification et composition
Les systèmes de classification peuvent, outre un ordre de niveau de spécialisation (classes et sous-
classes), avoir également un ordre de niveau de compos
...
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