ISO 16063-16:2014
(Main)Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers — Part 16: Calibration by Earth's gravitation
Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers — Part 16: Calibration by Earth's gravitation
ISO 16063-16:2014 specifies the instrumentation and procedure to be used for performing primary calibration of accelerometers using Earth's gravitation. It is applicable to rectilinear accelerometers with DC (zero hertz frequency) response, such as straingauge, piezoresistive, variable capacitance, and servo accelerometer types. ISO 16063-16:2014 is applicable to the calibration of the magnitude of the sensitivity, referenced to the acceleration due to the local gravitation at 0 Hz. With the use of appropriate calibration equipment, ISO 16063-16:2014 can be applied to the calibration of the magnitude of the sensitivity, referenced to fractional parts of the acceleration due to the local gravitation at 0 Hz. The specification of the instrumentation used contains requirements on environmental conditions, as well as specific requirements for the apparatus to be used.
Méthodes pour l'étalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de chocs — Partie 16: Étalonnage par gravitation tellurique
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16063-16
First edition
2014-06-01
Corrected version
2015-05-01
Methods for the calibration of
vibration and shock transducers —
Part 16:
Calibration by Earth’s gravitation
Méthodes pour l’étalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de
chocs —
Partie 16: Étalonnage par gravitation tellurique
Reference number
©
ISO 2014
© ISO 2014, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Uncertainty of measurement . 1
4 Requirements for apparatus and other conditions . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Environmental conditions . 2
4.3 Mounting platform . 2
4.4 Accelerometer output measuring instrumentation . 3
4.5 Earth’s gravitation . 3
5 Method . 3
5.1 General . 3
5.2 Test procedure for 0° and 180° . 4
5.3 Test procedure for fractions of gravitation . 4
5.4 DC offset consideration . 5
5.5 Calibration setup . 6
6 Report of calibration results . 8
Annex A (normative) Uncertainty components in the calibration by gravitation.9
Bibliography .11
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition
monitoring, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments.
This first edition of ISO 16063-16 cancels and replaces the first edition of ISO 5347-5:1993, which has
been technically revised.
This corrected version of ISO 16063-16:2014 incorporates the following corrections:
— Table 1, last row, + sign added before 240°
— Paragraph 2, after Formula (2), k = 1 changed to k = 2 and the uncertainty value adapted.
— Formula (5) has been corrected, and a degree sign has been added after 180 in the explanation.
— Formula (7) has been corrected, and in the explanation, the superfluous rows for a and a have
α0 α180
been removed.
— In Figure 1, the equal sign has been removed.
— Keys have been added under Figures 2 and 3.
— In Formula (A.2), the 8 above the summation sign has been removed.
— In the explanation to Formula (A.2), u has been replaced by u(x ).
i i
— In Formula (A.3) and in its explanation, u(e ) has been replaced by u(a ).
g g
— In addition, the following list of parts has been updated:
ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration
and shock transducers:
— Part 1: Basic concepts
— Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
— Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method
— Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry
— Part 15: Primary angular vibration calibration by laser interferometry
— Part 16: Calibration by Earth’s gravitation
— Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
— Part 22: Shock calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
— Part 31: Testing of transverse vibration sensitivity
— Part 32: Resonance testing — Testing the frequency and the phase response of accelerometers by means
of shock excitation
— Part 41: Calibration of laser vibrometers
— Part 42: Calibration of seismometers with high accuracy using acceleration of gravity
— Part 43: Calibration of accelerometers by model-based parameter identification
The following parts are under preparation:
— Part 17: Primary calibration by centrifuge
— Part 33: Testing of magnetic field sensitivity
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-16:2014(E)
Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock
transducers —
Part 16:
Calibration by Earth’s gravitation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16063 specifies the instrumentation and procedure to be used for performing primary
calibration of accelerometers using Earth’s gravitation. It is applicable to rectilinear accelerometers
with DC (zero hertz frequency) response, such as straingauge, piezoresistive, variable capacitance, and
servo accelerometer types.
This part of ISO 16063 is applicable to the calibration of the magnitude of the sensitivity, referenced to
the acceleration due to the local gravitation at 0 Hz.
With the use of appropriate calibration equipment, this part of ISO 16063 can be applied to the
calibration of the magnitude of the sensitivity, referenced to fractional parts of the acceleration due to
the local gravitation at 0 Hz. The specification of the instrumentation used contains requirements on
environmental conditions, as well as specific requirements for the apparatus to be used.
The sensitivity obtained using this part of the ISO 16063 standard for accelerometers with a DC response
can be used over the flat part of the low-frequency range of the accelerometer. The degree of flatness of the
applicable frequency range is intended to be taken into account in the uncertainty of measurement (UoM).
This part of ISO 16063 is applicable to reference standard accelerometers and working standard
accelerometers, as well as complete acceleration measurement chain (accelerometer complete with
amplifier and readout unit).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16063-1, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers — Part 1: Basic concepts
3 Uncertainty of measurement
All users of this part of ISO 16063 are expected to make an uncertainty budget according to Annex A in
order for them to document their UoM estimation. A calibration arrangement example is given in order
to help set up systems that fulfil different uncertainty requirements.
When the local value of acceleration due to gravitation, g , is known and used, an UoM of 0,1 % can be obtained.
l
When the local value of acceleration due to gravitation, g , is not known and the standard acceleration
l
due to gravitation, g , is used (ignoring the influence of latitude and altitude), an UoM of 0,5 % can
n
be obtained. This estimation is assuming a value for the acceleration due to Earth’s gravitation of
2 2
9,806 65 m/s ± 0,026 m/s .
The uncertainty limits mentioned in this clause are applicable to devices with a maximum transverse
sensitivity of 5 %.
A more detailed description of the uncertainty components is given in Annex A.
The uncertainty of measurement is expressed as the expanded measurement uncertainty in accordance
with ISO 16063-1 (referred to in short as uncertainty).
4 Requirements for apparatus and other conditions
4.1 General
This clause gives recommended specifications for the apparatus necessary to fulfil the scope of Clause 1 and
to obtain the uncertainties of Clause 3, if the recommended specifications listed below are met for each item.
It is mandatory to document the expanded uncertainty using the methods of Annex A.
4.2 Environmental conditions
The calibration shall be carried out under the following ambient conditions:
a) room temperature: (23 ± 3) °C;
b) relative humidity: maximum 75 % RH.
Care shall be taken that external vibration and noise do not affect the quality of the measurements.
4.3 Mounting platform
The mounting platform shall be arranged so that it is possible to rotate and align the geometric
axis of sensitivity of the accelerometer from 0° to 180° relative to the direction of the gravitational
acceleration vector.
At the measurement positions, the platform angle in all directions shall be within ±0,1° relative to the
vertical plane.
For performing measurements at positions that equal fractions of local gravity (mounting angle >0°
and <180°), the preferred orientation angles in accordance with Table 1 shall be used:
Table 1 — Preferred orientation angles
Orientation angle Magnitude of acceleration due
θ to local gravity
−30° and +30°
0,866 0 g
l
+150° and + 210°
−45° and +45°
0,707 1 g
l
+135° and +225°
±60°
0,500 0 g
l
+120° and +240°
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
The acceleration, in metres per second squared, due to local gravity with the accelerometer mounted at
the angle θ is:
a = g · cos θ (1)
θ l
where
θ is the accelerometer mounting angle, in degrees;
g is the magnitude for the acceleration due to local gravity, in metres per second squared.
l
4.4 Accelerometer output measuring instrumentation
A voltage measuring instrument, measuring the output from the accelerometer, having the following
characteristics shall be used:
a) Frequency: 0 Hz (DC voltage);
b) Maximum uncertainty: 0,05 % of reading.
4.5 Earth’s gravitation
The positive and negative magnitudes for the acceleration due to local gravity, expressed in metres per
second squared (m/s ), shall be used.
The value of the local magnitude of acceleration
...
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16063-16
ISO/TC 108/SC 3 Secretariat: DS
Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2013-04-12 2013-07-12
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock
transducers —
Part 16:
Calibration by Earth's gravitation
Méthodes pour l'étalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de chocs —
Partie 16: Étalonnage par gravitation tellurique
[Revision of first edition (ISO 5347-5:1993)]
ICS 17.160
To expedite distribution, this document is circulated as received from the committee
secretariat. ISO Central Secretariat work of editing and text composition will be undertaken at
publication stage.
Pour accélérer la distribution, le présent document est distribué tel qu'il est parvenu du
secrétariat du comité. Le travail de rédaction et de composition de texte sera effectué au
Secrétariat central de l'ISO au stade de publication.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
© International Organization for Standardization, 2013
ISO/DIS 16063-16
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission.
Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 16063-16
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Uncertainty of measurement . 2
4 Requirements for apparatus and other conditions . 2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Environmental conditions . 2
4.3 Mounting platform . 2
4.4 Accelerometer output measuring instrumentation . 3
4.5 Earth’s gravitation . 3
5 Method . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Test procedure for 0° and 180° . 4
5.3 Test procedure for fractions of gravitation. 4
5.4 Calibration setup . 5
6 Report of calibration results . 7
Annex A (normative) Uncertainty components in the calibration by gravitation . 8
A.1 Calculation of U (y) . 8
rel
Bibliography . 10
ISO/DIS 16063-16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16063-16 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition
monitoring, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments.
ISO 16063 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration and
shock transducers:
⎯ Part 1: Basic concepts
⎯ Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry
⎯ Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method
⎯ Part 13: Primary shock calibration using laser interferometry
⎯ Part 15: Primary angular vibration calibration by laser interferometry
⎯ Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
⎯ Part 22: Shock calibration by comparison to a reference transducer
⎯ Part 31: Testing of transverse vibration sensitivity
⎯ Part 41: Calibration of laser vibrometers
The following parts are under preparation:
⎯ Part 32: Resonance testing – Testing the frequency and the phase response of accelerometers by means
of its excitation
⎯ Part 42: Calibration of seismometers with high accuracy using acceleration of gravity
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 16063-16
Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock
transducers — Part 16: Calibration by Earth's gravitation
1 Scope
ISO 16063 comprises of a series of documents dealing with methods for the calibration of vibration and shock
transducers.
This part of ISO 16063 specifies the instrumentation and procedure to be used for performing primary
calibration of accelerometers using Earth's gravitation. It is applicable to rectilinear accelerometers with DC
(zero hertz frequency) response, such as straingauge-, piezoresistive-, variable capacitance- and servo
accelerometer types.
This part of ISO 16063 is applicable to the calibration of the magnitude of the sensitivity, referenced to the
acceleration due to the local gravitation at 0 Hz.
With the use of appropriate calibration equipment, this part of ISO 16063 can be applied to the calibration of
the magnitude of the sensitivity, referenced to fractional parts of the acceleration due to the local gravitation at
0 Hz. The specification of the instrumentation used, contains requirements on environmental conditions as
well as specific requirements for the apparatus to be used.
NOTE This part of ISO 16063 is applicable to reference standard accelerometers and working standard
accelerometers.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and conditioning monitoring – Vocabulary
ISO 16063-1:1998, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers – Part 1: Basic concepts
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
1)
measurement (GUM:1995)
ISO/IEC Guide 99, International vocabulary of metrology – Basic and general concepts and associated terms
(VIM)
1) ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 is a reissue of the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) with necessary
correction only to the printed 1995 version.
ISO/DIS 16063-16
3 Uncertainty of measurement
All users of this part of ISO 16063 are expected to make an uncertainty budget according to Annex A in order
for them to document their uncertainty of measurement (UoM) estimation. A calibration arrangement example
is given in order to help set up systems that fulfil different uncertainty requirements.
When the local value of acceleration due to gravitation (g) is known and used, an UoM of 0,1 % can be
l
obtained.
When the local value of acceleration due to gravitation (g) is not known and the standard acceleration due to
l
gravitation (g ) is used (ignoring the influence of latitude and altitude), an UoM of 0,5 % can be obtained. This
n
2 2
estimation is assuming a value for the acceleration due to earth’s gravitation of 9,8665 m/s ± 0,026 m/s .
The aforementioned uncertainty limits are applicable for devices with a maximum transverse sensitivity of 5 %.
A more detailed description of the uncertainty components is given in Annex A.
NOTE The uncertainty of measurement is expressed as the expanded measurement uncertainty in accordance with
ISO 16063-1 (referred to in short as uncertainty).
4 Requirements for apparatus and other conditions
4.1 General
This clause gives recommended specifications for the apparatus necessary to fulfil the scope of Clause 1 and
to obtain the uncertainties of Clause 3, if the recommended specifications listed below are met for each item.
It is mandatory to document the expanded uncertainty using the methods of Annex A.
4.2 Environmental conditions
The calibration shall be carried out under the ambient conditions.
a) Room temperature: (23 ± 3) °C.
b) Relative humidity: 75 % RH max.
Care shall be taken that external vibration and noise do not affect the quality of the measurements.
4.3 Mounting platform
The mounting platform shall be arranged so that it is possible to rotate and align the geometric axis of
sensitivity of the accelerometer from 0° to 180° relative to the direction of the gravitational acceleration vector.
At the measurement positions, the platform angle in all directions shall be within ± 0,1° relative to the vertical
plane.
2 © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 16063-16
For performing measurements at positions that equal fractions of local gravity (mounting angle > 0° and <
180 °) the preferred orientation angles as per Table 1 shall be used:
Table 1 — Preferred orientation angles
Orientation
Magnitude of
angle
acceleration due to
local gravity
(θ)
± 30°
0,866 0∙g
(180 ± 30)°
± 45°
0,707 1∙g
(180 ± 45)°
± 60°
0,500 0∙g
(180 ± 60)°
a = g ∙ cos(θ) (1)
θ
where
a is the magnitude of acceleration due to local gravity with the accelerometer mounted at a known
θ
angle, in metres per second squared.
θ is the accelerometer mounted angle, in degrees.
g is the magnitude for the acceleration due to local gravitation, in metres per second squared.
4.4 Accelerometer output measuring instrumentation
A voltage measuring instrument, measuring the output from the accelerometer having the following
characteristics shall be used:
a) Frequency range: 0 Hz (DC voltage).
b) Maximum uncertainty: 0,05 % of reading.
4.5 Earth’s gravitation
The positive and negative magnitudes for the acceleration due to local gravity, expressed in metres per
second squared (m/s ), shall be used.
The value of the local magnitude of acceleration due to gravity g can be determined by measurement with
l
absolute or relative gravimeters [14] or by use of geodetic formulae [13], or survey.
g=+9,,7803184 1 0 0053024sin(φφ)−−0,0000059sin( 2) 0,000003086H (2)
()
l
ISO/DIS 16063-16
where
g is the magnitude for the acceleration due to gravitation at the given latitude and elevation, in
(l)
metres per second squared
Ø is the given latitude in radians
H is the given altitude in metres above sea level.
Using (2), g can be determined with an uncertainty of 0,01 %.
l
If the magnitude for the acceleration due to local gravity is not known, then the standard acceleration due to
gravity, g , shall be used.
n
g = 9,80665 m/s .
n
5 Method
5.1 General
As the acceleration due to gravitation varies with location and altitude (typical, values of acceleration due to
2 2
local gravity at the locations of metrology institutes are within the range of 9,78 m/s to 9,83 m/
...
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