ISO/DIS 20291-2

Air cargo -- Restraint slings

Fret aérien -- Elingues d'arrimage

Standards Content (sample)

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 20291-2
ISO/TC 20/SC 9 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-01-23 2020-04-16
Air cargo — Restraint slings —
Part 2:
Utilization guidelines and lashing calculations
Fret aérien — Elingues d'arrimage —
Partie 2: Guide d’utilisation et calculs d’arrimage
ICS: 55.180.30
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)
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NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
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PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2020
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ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)
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ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4 General requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

5 Specific requirements ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6 Rejection criteria.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

7 Inspection .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

8 Operator's responsibilities ........................................................................................................................................................................ 8

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

© ISO 2020 – All rights reserved iii
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ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

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URL: www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.

International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International

Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.

Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies

casting a vote.

ISO 20291-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, Subcommittee

SC 9, Air cargo and ground equipment.
This is the first edition of this document.

ISO 20291 consists of the following parts, under the general title Air cargo — Restraint slings:

— Part 1:Design and testing
— Part 2: Utilization guidelines and lashing calculations
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ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)
Introduction

This International Standard, constituting part 2 of International Standard ISO 20291, Air cargo –

Restraint slings, specifies utilization guidelines and the principles to be used in tie-down/lashing

strength calculations when using air cargo restraint slings on board civil transport aircraft.

Throughout this International Standard, the minimum essential criteria are identified by use of the

key word "shall". Recommended criteria are identified by use of the key word "should" and, while not

mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe restraint slings utilization.

Deviation from recommended criteria should only occur after careful consideration, extensive testing,

and thorough service evaluation have shown alternate methods to be satisfactory.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)
Air cargo — Restraint slings —
Part 2:
Utilization guidelines and lashing calculations
1 Scope

1.1 This International Standard aims at providing general utilization guidelines and calculation

methods adequate to guarantee the effectiveness and ultimate strength of tie-down / lashing

arrangements performed to restrain cargo on board civil transport aircraft during flight:

a) cargo loaded and tied down onto airworthiness approved air cargo pallets, themselves restrained

into aircraft lower deck or main deck or upper deck cargo systems meeting the restraint

requirements of air cargo pallets approved in accordance with ISO 8097 (NAS3610) or ISO 21100, or

b) additional tie-down on aircraft structure when necessitated by pallet maximum gross mass or

center of gravity limits, or

c) non unitized individual pieces of cargo, or pieces of cargo placed onto an unrestrained (“floating”)

pallet into either lower deck, main deck or upper deck containerized cargo compartments of an

aircraft,

when using for this purpose restraint slings (wire rope cables) specified in Part 1 of this International

Standard.

1.2 Restraint slings can also be used for permanent or semi-permanent attachment of a special purpose

device, such as aircraft engine transport stand (see ISO 11241), horse stall (see ISO 9469), automobile

transport device (see ISO 8268) or other, whether or not airworthiness approved, onto an aircraft pallet.

1.3 This International Standard applies to cargo tie-down/lashing arrangements using exclusively air

cargo restraint slings conforming to International Standard ISO 20291-1, Air cargo – Restraint slings —

Part 1: Design and testing requirements.

NOTE 1 Where tie-down is performed onto aircraft structure as per 1.1 (b) or (c), additional restrictions may

be stated in the aircraft's Authority approved Weight and Balance Manual, and shall be complied with.

NOTE 2 The use of chains or other rigid devices for tie-down onto civil transport aircraft floor tracks is not

part of the scope of this International Standard, since not recommended due to the possibility of generating

excessive stresses in the aircraft structure, and allowable only where explicitly approved in aircraft's Authority

approved Weight and Balance Manual.

1.4 Sling assemblies made of steel wire rope are intended to be used in lieu of cargo restraint straps

meeting the requirements of ISO 16049-1 where straps elongation under tension appears unadvisable

for a given tie-down arrangement. Typical examples of loads where substitution of slings for straps is

advisable are: heavy vehicles, aircraft engine stands, helicopters, machinery, heavy loads close to the

maximum aircraft loading envelope etc.

1.5 This International Standard aims at providing industry recognized means of complying with

Airworthiness Authorities general regulations applicable to load securing on board civil transport

aircraft (see 14 CFR Part 25 and EASA CS-25, CCAR-25 or Japanese Airworthiness Standard Part 3),

and aircraft manufacturers Authority approved Weight and Balance Manuals for each aircraft type as

specified therein.
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ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)

1.6 On the date of publication of this International Standard, no TSO / CTSO / ETSO / JTSO

airworthiness approval procedure by Civil Aviation Authorities is applicable to restraint slings. Their use

for cargo restraint, however, remains under the requirements of the Authority approved aircraft Weight

and Balance Manual, which shall be strictly complied with and always take precedence in the event of a

difference with this International Standard.

1.7 The wire rope slings in this International Standard are intended exclusively for restraint purposes

on board aircraft, and not to be allowed for use as lifting slings for handling nor any other purpose.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 7166, Aircraft — Rail and stud configuration for passenger equipment and cargo restraint

ISO 8097, Aircraft — Minimum airworthiness requirements and test conditions for certified air cargo unit

load devices

ISO 9788, Air cargo — Double stud tie-down fittings — Design and testing requirements

ISO 10254, Air cargo and ground equipment — Vocabulary

ISO 16049-1, Air cargo equipment — Restraint straps — Part 1: Design criteria and testing methods

ISO 16049-2, Air cargo equipment — Restraint straps — Part 2: Utilization guidelines and lashing

calculations

ISO 21100, Air cargo unit load devices — Performance requirements and test parameters

AC 120-59, Air Carriers Internal Evaluation Programs
CAAC CCAR-25, Airworthiness Standards — Transport Category Airplanes
CS-25, Certification Specifications for Large Aeroplanes
EU-OPS 1.035, Quality system
JAS Part 3 (Civil Aeronautics Law Article 10 § 4)
14Part CFR, 25, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes
TSO/ETSO-C-90d, Cargo Pallets, Nets and Containers
1) Endorsement of NAS 3610 revision 10, TSO/ETSO/CTSO/JTSO C-90c.

2) 14 CFR Part 25 constitutes the U.S.A. government transport aircraft airworthiness approval Standards, and

can be obtained from: U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington DC 20402-9328, or at www

.gpoaccess .gov .ec .fr.

3) CAAC CCAR-25 constitutes the Chinese government transport aircraft airworthiness approval Standards, and

can be obtained from the Civil Aviation Authority of China (CAAC).

4) EASA CS-25 constitutes the European governments transport aircraft airworthiness approval Standards, and

can be obtained from: European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Otto Platz 1, Postfach 101253, D-50452 Cologne,

Germany, or at www .easa .europa .eu.

5) The Japanese Airworthiness Standard Part 3 (ISBN 4-89279-661-1) constitutes the Japanese government

transport aircraft airworthiness approval Regulations, and can be obtained from the Civil Aviation Bureau (CAB) of

the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Tourism and Transport, Tokyo, Japan, or its web site at http:// www .mlit .go .jp/

en.
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ISO/DIS 20291-2:2020(E)
3 Terms and definitions

For the purpose of this document, the definitions given in ISO 10254 and the following apply:

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
tie-down

fact of restraining cargo movements in relation to an aircraft’s structure, throughout the range of

relative accelerations resulting from the allowable flight envelope, by means of an appropriate use of a

number of elementary tie-down devices against each direction of restraint
3.2
lashing
equivalent to “tie-down”
3.3
tie-down arrangement

geometric layout of an assembly of elementary tie-down devices affixed and tensioned around a piece

of cargo in order to ensure its tie-down against each direction of restraint
3.4
flight envelope

for a given aircraft type or sub-type, the set of allowable values for accelerations which may be

encountered during flight in the various directions relative to the aircraft’s structure, as determined

during the aircraft certification flight testing and certified by the Airworthiness Authority within the

aircraft’s type certificate
3.5
limit load (LL)

the maximum load to be expected in service as a result of the certified allowable flight envelope of the

aircraft.
1) 2)

Note 1 to entry: See 14 CFR Part 25 and CS-25, paragraph 25.301(a) . It is two thirds of the ultimate load (see

hereafter).
3.6
ultimate load (UL)
the limit load multiplied by a safety factor of 1,5
1) 2)

Note 1 to entry: See 14 CFR Part 25 and CS-25, paragraph 25.303 . It is used for calculation of cargo tie-down

arrangements, based on the ultimate load factors defined in the Airworthiness Authority approved Weight and

Balance Manual, in each direction of restraint, throughout the certified flight envelope of the aircraft type.

3.7
fore and aft

the directions of restraint, relative to the aircraft structure, determined parallel to the aircraft

centreline towards the direction of flight, or opposed to it
3.8
sides

the directions of restraint, relative to the aircraft structure, determined perpendicular to the aircraft

centreline and parallel to its floor, lefthand or righthand
3.9
...