ISO 2739:2012

Sintered metal bushings - Determination of radial crushing strength

ISO 2739:2012 specifies a method of measuring the radial crushing strength of sintered metal parts in the form of hollow cylinders, commonly known as bushings. This method is applicable to sintered bushings composed of pure or alloyed metal powders.

Bagues en métal fritté — Détermination de la résistance à l'écrasement radial

L'ISO 2739:2012 spécifie une méthode permettant de mesurer la résistance à l'écrasement radial des pièces en métal fritté se présentant sous forme de cylindres creux, communément appelés «bagues». Cette méthode est applicable aux bagues frittées, élaborées à partir de métaux purs ou d'alliages

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Jun-2012
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 119/SC 3 - Sampling and testing methods for sintered metal materials (excluding hardmetals)
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 119/SC 3 - Sampling and testing methods for sintered metal materials (excluding hardmetals)
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 21-Sep-2022
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO/IEC 25064:2013 - Systems and software engineering - Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability: User needs report
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revises: ISO 2739:2006 - Sintered metal bushes - Determination of radial crushing strength
• Effective Date: 28-Feb-2009

Overview

ISO 2739:2012 is an international standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that specifies a precise method for determining the radial crushing strength of sintered metal bushings. These bushings are hollow cylindrical components made from pure or alloyed metal powders through powder metallurgy processes. The standard outlines a consistent test procedure vital for assessing the mechanical integrity and quality of sintered metal parts used in various industrial applications.

This third edition replaces the previous 2006 version, incorporating technical revisions to improve accuracy and applicability. The method described is essential for manufacturers and quality assurance professionals to ensure product reliability and performance under radial loads.

Key Topics

• Test Principle
  The test involves applying a continuously increasing radial load on a hollow cylindrical sintered metal bushing until breakage or a specified deformation limit is reached. The maximum load at failure is used to calculate the radial crushing strength.

• Test Specimen Requirements
  Specimens must be sintered hollow cylinders without flanges, notches, or holes. They can be machined or oil-impregnated, but machining may affect test results. Precise dimensional measurements (diameter, length, and wall thickness) are required for accurate calculations.

• Apparatus and Setup
  The apparatus includes a pressing machine capable of applying radial loads, highly accurate load-measuring devices, and two flat steel loading plates ensuring parallel contact with the specimen.

• Measurement Procedure
  The bushing is placed horizontally between loading plates. Load is applied at a controlled speed not exceeding 5 mm/min until fracture or load drop occurs, recording the maximum load to an accuracy of 0.1%.

• Calculation of Radial Crushing Strength
  Radial crushing strength (K) in N/mm² is calculated using the formula:

  K = F / (2 × L × e × (D - e))
  

  where F = maximum load (N), L = length (mm), D = external diameter (mm), and e = wall thickness (mm). The formula is valid if wall thickness to diameter ratio (e/D) is less than 1/3.

• Precision and Accuracy
  The standard provides repeatability and reproducibility data, indicating the expected accuracy within and between laboratories to ensure consistent quality assessment.

• Test Reporting
  Test reports must reference ISO 2739:2012 and include specimen identification, condition (sintered, sized, machined, or oil-impregnated), test results, and any test anomalies or optional procedures used.

Applications

• Quality Control in Powder Metallurgy
  ISO 2739:2012 is critical for manufacturers of sintered metal bushings to verify mechanical strength characteristics during production and before delivery.

• Design and Material Selection
  Engineers use radial crushing strength data to select materials and design bushings that withstand operational stresses in automotive, aerospace, industrial machinery, and other sectors.

• Research and Development
  This standard supports R&D teams in evaluating new sintered materials and processing methods by providing a reliable test method for mechanical performance.

• Comparative Analysis
  Enables benchmarking of sintered parts from different suppliers or production batches for consistent performance and compliance with industry specifications.

Related Standards

• ISO/TC 119 - Powder Metallurgy
  The technical committee responsible for developing standards related to powder metallurgy, including sampling, testing methods, and specification standards.

• MPIF Standard 55
  Provides related guidance on determining radial crush strength specific to powder metallurgy test specimens, often referenced for technical agreement.

• ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
  Defines the rules for drafting international standards, ensuring consistency and clarity across ISO documents.

• Other Metallurgical Testing Standards
  Standards related to tensile strength, hardness, and fatigue testing of sintered metals complement ISO 2739 by providing a holistic mechanical property profile.

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By implementing ISO 2739:2012, manufacturers and users of sintered metal bushings ensure products meet stringent mechanical requirements, supporting reliability and safety in demanding applications. This standard delivers a practical, replicable method to assess radial crushing strength-an essential parameter in powder metallurgy components.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 2739
Third edition
2012-06-01
Sintered metal bushings — Determination
of radial crushing strength
Bagues en métal fritté — Détermination de la résistance à
l’écrasement radial
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 2739 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 3,
Sampling and testing methods for sintered metal materials (excluding hardmetals).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2739:2006), which has been technically revised.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2739:2012(E)
Sintered metal bushings — Determination of radial crushing
strength
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method of measuring the radial crushing strength of sintered metal
parts in the form of hollow cylinders, commonly known as bushings.
This method is applicable to sintered bushings composed of pure or alloyed metal powders.
2 Principle
A hollow cylinder is submitted to a continuously increasing radial load until breakage occurs, provided that the
deformation does not exceed 10 % of the diameter. The maximum load observed is used to calculate a value
in relation to the dimensions of the hollow cylinder known as “radial crushing strength”.
3 Apparatus
3.1 Pressing apparatus, that enables a radial load to be applied to a hollow cylinder.
3.2 Load-measuring device, accurate and readable to 0,1 % of the full scale. The lowest testing range that
can provide a measureable result should be used.
3.3 Loading plates, two flat, ground, hardened steel plates of sufficient size to encompass the test specimen
that can be fastened to the press platens and that will remain parallel.
4 Test piece
The test piece (see Figure 1) shall be in the form of a sintered hollow cylinder (which may or may not be oil-
impregnated), without flanges, notches, grooves, pronounced chamfers, drilled holes, oilways or keyways. If
necessary, the cylinder may be machined but, in this case, the results obtained may differ from those obtained
with a cylinder that has not been machined.
Key
L length of the
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 2739
Troisième édition
2012-06-01
Bagues en métal fritté — Détermination
de la résistance à l’écrasement radial
Sintered metal bushings — Determination of radial crushing strength
Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2012
DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l’accord écrit
de l’ISO à l’adresse ci-après ou du comité membre de l’ISO dans le pays du demandeur.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Publié en Suisse
ii © ISO 2012 – Tous droits réservés

Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales,
en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d’élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur publication
comme Normes internationales requiert l’approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres votants.
L’attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l’objet de droits
de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir
identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.
L’ISO 2739 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 119, Métallurgie des poudres, sous-comité SC 3,
Échantillonnage et méthodes d’essais des matériaux métalliques frittés (à l’exclusion des métaux durs).
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition (ISO 2739:2006), qui a fait l’objet d’une
révision technique.
NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 2739:2012(F)
Bagues en métal fritté — Détermination de la résistance à
l’écrasement radial
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode permettant de mesurer la résistance à l’écrasement
radial des pièces en métal fritté se présentant sous forme de cylindres creux, communément appelés «bagues».
Cette méthode est applicable aux bagues frittées, élaborées à partir de métaux purs ou d’alliages.
2 Principe
Un cylindre creux est soumis à une charge radiale augmentant en continu jusqu’à la rupture, la déformation
ne devant pas, avant rupture, dépasser 10 % du diamètre. L’effort maximal observé est utilisé pour calculer, à
partir des dimensions du cylindre creux, une grandeur appelée «résistance à la rupture par écrasement radial».
3 Appareillage
3.1 Appareil de compression, permettant d’appliquer sur le cylindre creux une charge radiale.
3.2 Dispositif de mesurage de la charge, d’une précision et d’une résolution de 0,1 % de la pleine échelle.
Il convient d’utiliser la plage d’essai la plus basse pouvant fournir un résultat mesurable.
3.3 Plaques de charge, deux plaques planes, polies, en acier trempé, de dimensions suffisantes pour
recouvrir l’éprouvette, qui peuvent être fixées sur les plateaux de serrage et qui restent parallèles.
4 Éprouvette
L’éprouvette (voir Figure 1) doit être un cylindre creux fritté (qui peut être imprégné ou non d’huile) ne comportant
pas de collerettes, encoches, gorges, chanfreins prononcés, trous de perçage, gouttières de graissage ou
rainures de clavette. Si nécessaire, le cylindre peut être usiné mais, dans ce cas, les résultats obtenus peuvent
être différents de ceux l’ayant été avec un cylindre n’ayant pas subi d’usinage.
Légende
L longueur du cylindre creux
D diamètre extérieu
...