ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015
(Main)Systems and software engineering — Engineering and management of websites for systems, software, and services information
Systems and software engineering — Engineering and management of websites for systems, software, and services information
ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015 defines system engineering and management requirements for the life cycle of websites, including strategy, design, engineering, testing and validation, and management and sustainment for Intranet and Extranet environments. The goal of ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015 is to improve the usability of informational websites and ease of maintenance of managed Web operations in terms of locating relevant and timely information, applying information security management, facilitating ease of use, and providing for consistent and efficient development and maintenance practices. It applies to those using web technology to present information and communications technology (ICT) information, such as user documentation for systems and software, life-cycle documentation for systems and software engineering projects, and documentation of policies, plans, and procedures for IT service management. ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015 provides requirements for website owners and website providers, managers responsible for establishing guidelines for website development and operations, for software developers and operations and maintenance staff who may be external or internal to the website owner's organization. It applies to websites for public access and for limited access, such as for users, customers, and subscribers seeking information on IT products and services. It includes increased emphasis on the human factors concerns for making information easily retrievable and usable for the intended audience. It focuses on vendor- and product-independent considerations.
Ingénierie des systèmes et du logiciel — Ingénierie et gestion de sites web pour les systèmes, logiciels et services d'information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC/
STANDARD IEEE
23026
First edition
2015-05-15
Systems and software engineering —
Engineering and management of
websites for systems, software, and
services information
Ingénierie des systèmes et du logiciel — Ingénierie et gestion de sites
web pour les systèmes, logiciels et services d'information
Reference number
ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2015
©
IEEE 2015
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ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
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ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions . 2
5 Abbreviated terms . 5
6 Planning websites for systems, software, and services documentation . 6
6.1 Defining the purpose, users, and context of the website . 6
6.2 Establishing the informational website design strategy . 6
6.3 Developing a strategy for website lifecycle management . 8
7 Designing websites for systems, software, and services documentation . 9
7.1 Information architecture . 9
7.1.1 Information structure of a website . 9
7.1.2 Shared resources . 10
7.1.3 Website home page . 10
7.1.4 Identifying the website and its owner . 11
7.1.5 Page title and header . 11
7.2 Site index and search . 12
7.2.1 Search filtering . 13
7.2.2 Keywords . 13
7.2.3 Metadata for indexing . 13
7.2.4 Flushing search engines . 13
7.2.5 Robot exclusion . 13
7.3 Site navigation . 15
7.3.1 Links . 16
7.3.2 Offsite warning . 16
7.3.3 Usage tracking and cookies . 17
7.3.4 Frames . 17
7.4 Website content . 17
7.4.1 Intellectual property rights . 18
7.4.2 Time-sensitive content . 18
7.5 Presentation of information on websites . 20
7.5.1 Consistency . 20
7.5.2 Presentation of text . 20
7.5.3 Graphic images . 20
7.5.4 Animations, 3D, sound, video . 21
7.5.5 Use of color in websites . 21
7.5.6 Interactivity . 22
7.5.7 Collaboration and user generated content . 22
7.5.8 Energy and environmental conservation . 22
7.6 Security . 22
7.6.1 Authentication . 24
7.6.2 Authorization . 25
7.6.3 Cookies . 25
7.6.4 Digital signatures . 25
7.6.5 Single sign-on . 25
7.6.6 Data encryption . 25
7.6.7 Security measures and metrics . 26
7.6.8 Continuous monitoring and risk assessment . 26
7.7 Privacy . 26
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
7.7.1 Notice .27
7.7.2 Choice .28
7.7.3 Onward transfer (transfers to third parties) .28
7.7.4 Access .28
7.7.5 Security .28
7.7.6 Data integrity .28
7.7.7 Enforcement .28
7.7.8 Reporting .28
7.8 Accessibility .29
7.9 Translation and localization .30
7.9.1 Browser language selection .31
7.9.2 Icon use .32
7.9.3 Holidays and time zones .32
7.9.4 Place of origin .32
7.9.5 Hemisphericals .32
7.9.6 Units: metric, monetary .32
7.9.7 Regulations .32
7.9.8 Contact Information .33
8 Website platform engineering .33
8.1 Selecting technical formats and standards to use for the website .33
8.1.1 HTML versions .34
8.1.2 Cascading style sheets .34
8.1.3 Bandwidth efficiencies .35
8.1.4 Document type declaration .35
8.1.5 Description meta-tag .35
8.1.6 XML considerations .35
8.1.7 Image formats and compression .36
8.2 Server technology independence .36
8.3 Scripting and executable considerations .36
8.3.1 Scripting languages.36
8.3.2 JavaScript .37
8.3.3 Java .37
8.4 Database management system considerations .37
9 Evaluation and testing of websites .38
9.1 Evaluating site usability .38
9.2 Testing websites before release .39
9.3 Validation of markup language and accessibility conformance .39
9.3.1 Active links .40
9.3.2 Dead links .40
10 Site management and sustainment .40
10.1 Website life-cycle management .40
10.2 Planning for site management and sustainment .40
10.3 Providing user support .41
10.4 Maintenance procedures and methods .41
10.4.1 Backups .42
10.4.2 Content changes .42
10.4.3 Site or page relocation .43
10.4.4 Redirection .43
10.4.5 Versioning .44
10.5 Archiving .44
Bibliography .45
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating
Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The IEEE develops its standards
through a consensus development process, approved by the American National Standards Institute, which
brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product.
Volunteers are not necessarily members of the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE
administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the
IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its
standards.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of ISO/IEC JTC 1 is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require the use of subject matter
covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or
validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. ISO/IEEE is not responsible for identifying essential
patents or patent claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or
scope of patents or patent claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in
connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance or a Patent Statement and Licensing Declaration Form, if
any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are
expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such
rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from ISO or the IEEE
Standards Association.
ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 7, Software and systems engineering, in cooperation with the Systems and Software
Engineering Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society, under the Partner Standards Development
Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE.
This first edition of ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026 replaces and supersedes ISO/IEC 23026:2006, which was the
adoption of IEEE Std 2001 (TM)-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Internet — Website Engineering,
Website Management, and Website Life Cycle. The IEEE contributed IEEE Std 2001-2002 as a source for this
standard.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
© IEEE 2015 – All rights reserved v
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ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
Introduction
The increase in use of the World Wide Web for every type of communication, and the accelerating
development of new technical protocols, products, and services, for website development and hosting, have
both simplified and complicated the engineering and management of websites. Because of the ready
availability of commercial website providers, it has become simpler for information and communications
technology (ICT) enterprises of all sizes to launch websites to present technical information. The growth in
global communities of interest in software, systems, and services has expanded the creation of information
from many sources. To a large extent, use of digital communications, particularly those accessible through the
Internet or Intranets, has supplanted printed publications for conveying technical information. This trend
applies to systems and user documentation as well as to service management and operational plans, policies,
and procedures.
Other factors have also affected the design and operation of websites since the original publication of
ISO/IEC 23026–IEEE Std 2001-2002, a source for this International Standard. The prevalence of automated
search engines to locate technical information results in new considerations for website design. The
increasing sophistication of information security threats to technical enterprises and their information, as well
as concerns for the privacy of Internet users, have markedly complicated the process of delivering ICT
information over the Web. This revision of ISO/IEC 23026 therefore has increased emphasis on information
security and privacy concerns.
The diversity of websites for commercial marketing and social networking purposes reflects different interests
and media choices from those websites that deliver ICT reference information. This revision of ISO/IEC 23026
applies primarily to websites whose purpose is to deliver information about ICT systems, software, and
services. It includes increased emphasis on the human factors concerns for making information easily
retrievable and usable for the intended audience. It recommends practices for websites based on World Wide
Web Consortium (W3C®) and related industry guidelines, which have changed significantly since the original
version of this International Standard. With rapid changes in technology, users may seek current technical
guidance to fulfill the intent of this International Standard. It continues to address the entire life cycle of
website strategy, design, and ongoing sustainment that are the responsibility of the website owner.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
Systems and software engineering — Engineering and
management of websites for systems, software, and services
information
1 Scope
This International Standard defines system engineering and management requirements for the life cycle of
websites including strategy, design, engineering, testing and validation, and management and sustainment for
Intranet and Extranet environments.
This International Standard applies to those using web technology to present information and communications
technology (ICT) information, such as user documentation for systems and software, life-cycle documentation
for systems and software engineering projects, and documentation of policies, plans, and procedures for IT
service management. This International Standard provides requirements for website owners and website
providers, managers responsible for establishing guidelines for website development and operations, for
software developers and operations and maintenance staff who may be external or internal to the website
owner's organization. It applies to websites for public access and for limited access, such as for users,
customers, and subscribers seeking information on IT products and services.
The goal of this International Standard is to improve the usability of informational websites and ease of
maintenance of managed Web operations in terms of:
a) locating relevant and timely information,
b) applying information security management,
c) facilitating ease of use,
d) providing for consistent and efficient development and maintenance practices.
This International Standard is not intended for websites used primarily for marketing or sales, or to deliver
instructional material, or to provide Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) for business or consumer transactional
application processing. However, this International Standard may provide useful insights for managing such
sites.
This International Standard focuses on vendor- and product-independent considerations. It does not include
specifications for application development tools, programming languages used for archiving site content or for
presentation of content on the web, metadata tags, or protocols for web page design based on World Wide
®
Web Consortium (W3C ) and related industry guidelines. It does not address tools or systems used for
management or storage of information content (data, documents) that may be presented on websites.
This International Standard does not address the design and architecture of software supporting the Internet.
2 Conformance
Throughout this International Standard, "shall" is used to express a provision that is normative, "should" to
express a recommendation among other possibilities, and "may" to indicate a course of action permissible
within the limits of this International Standard.
Use of the nomenclature of this International Standard for the parts of a website is not required to claim
conformance to the International Standard.
© ISO/IEC 2015 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC/IEEE 23026:2015(E)
EXAMPLE Referring to the home page as the landing page or main page.
Conformance to this International Standard may only be claimed by an organization if all of the requirements
in the standard are met by the organization or by its suppliers.
EXAMPLE When conformance is claimed for a website for which one organization provides the site content and
another supplier is responsible for website presentation and operation, the site owner may claim conformance if each of
the requirements are met by an identified party.
This International Standard may be included or referenced in contracts or similar agreements when the parties
(called the acquirer and the supplier) agree that the supplier shall deliver services in accordance with the
standard. This International Standard may also be adopted as an in-house standard by a project or
organization that decides to develop and maintain a website in accordance with the standard.
3 Normative references
There are no normative references for this International Standard. The user is encouraged to consult the latest
edition of the referenced documents (including any amendments) listed in the Bibliography.
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765
(www.computer.org/sevocab) and the following apply.
4.1
archival page
content that is preserved as a record and not expected to change
Note 1 to entry: Due to technology upgrades, some archival pages cannot be readily rendered unless they are upgraded
along with active pages.
4.2
audience
category of users sharing the same or similar characteristics and needs (for example, purpose in using the
documentation, tasks, education level, abilities, training, and experience) that determine the content, structure,
and use of the intended documentation
Note 1 to entry: There may be a number of different audiences for a software product’s documentation (for example,
management, data entry, maintenance).
4.3
body metadata
elements in the body of an HTML document providing administrative and/or navigational facilities for the user
or administrator
4.4
breadcrumb trail
navigational aid with a displayed series of hyperlinks which lead from the home page to the current page,
allowing the user to return to previousl
...
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