ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz

ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004 defines the air interface for radio-frequency identification (RFID) devices operating below 135 kHz used in item management applications. Its purpose is to provide a common technical specification for RFID devices to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004 defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order. It further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface. ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004 contains two types. The detailed technical differences between the types are shown in the parameter tables. ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004 specifies the physical layer that is used for communication between the interrogator and the tag; the protocol and the commands; the method to detect and communicate with one tag among several tags ("anti-collision"). It specifies two types of tags: Type A (FDX) and Type B (HDX). These two types differ only by their physical layer. Both types support the same anti-collision and protocol. FDX tags are permanently powered by the interrogator, including during the tag-to-interrogator transmission. They operate at 125 kHz. HDX tags are powered by the interrogator, except during the tag-to-interrogator transmission. They operate at 134,2 kHz. An alternative operating frequency is described. An optional anti-collision mechanism is also described.

Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence (RFID) pour la gestion d'objets — Partie 2: Paramètres de communications d'une interface d'air à moins de 135 kHz

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 12-Sep-2004
• Withdrawal Date: 12-Sep-2004
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 30-Sep-2009

Relations

• Revised: ISO/IEC 18000-2:2009 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18000-2
First edition
2004-09-15


Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item
management —
Part 2:
Parameters for air interface
communications below 135 kHz
Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence
(RFID) pour la gestion d'objets
Partie 2: Paramètres pour les communications d'une interface d'air à
moins de 135 kHz




Reference number
ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2004
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ii © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope. 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 Tag. 1
2.2 Interrogator. 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
4.1 Terms and definitions. 2
4.2 Symbols . 3
4.3 Abbreviated terms. 3
5 Physical layer . 4
5.1 Type A (FDX). 4
5.1.1 Power transfer . 4
5.1.2 Frequency . 4
5.1.3 Communication signal interface interrogator to tag . 4
5.1.4 Communication signal interface tag to interrogator . 6
5.2 Type B (HDX) . 7
5.2.1 Power transfer . 7
5.2.2 Communication signal interface interrogator to tag . 7
5.2.3 Communication signal interface tag to interrogator . 10
5.3 Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) Parameters . 11
5.3.1 Interrogator to tag link. 11
5.3.2 Tag to interrogator link. 14
6 Transmission Protocol . 16
6.1 Basic elements . 16
6.2 Unique identifier. 16
6.2.1 Unique identifier (UID) . 16
6.2.2 Sub-UID . 17
6.3 Request format. 18
6.4 Response format. 18
6.5 Request flags. 19
6.5.1 AFI flag . 20
6.5.2 NOS flag . 20
6.5.3 SEL flag and ADR flag . 20
6.5.4 CRCT flag. 20
6.5.5 PEXT flag. 21
6.6 Error flag . 21
6.7 Block security status . 21
6.8 AFI security status. 22
6.9 DSFID security status. 22
6.10 Start of frame pattern (SOF). 22
6.10.1 Interrogator request. 22
6.10.2 Tag response. 22
6.11 End of frame pattern (EOF) . 23
6.11.1 Interrogator request. 23
6.11.2 Tag response. 23
6.12 CRC. 23
6.13 Application family identifier (AFI). 23
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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
6.14 Data storage format identifier (DSFID).25
7 User memory organisation.25
8 Tag states.25
8.1 Power-off state.25
8.2 Ready state .25
8.3 Quiet state .25
8.4 Selected state .26
8.5 State diagram.26
9 Anti-collision.27
9.1 Request parameters.27
9.2 Request processing by the tag.27
9.3 Explanation of anti-collision sequences.30
9.3.1 Anti-collision sequence with 1 slot .30
9.3.2 Anti-collision sequence with 16 slots .30
9.3.3 Mixed population with tags of type A and B.32
10 Commands .32
10.1 Command classification .32
10.1.1 Mandatory commands .32
10.1.2 Optional commands.32
10.1.3 Custom commands .32
10.1.4 Proprietary commands .32
10.2 Command code structure.33
10.3 Command list.34
10.4 Mandatory commands .34
10.4.1 INVENTORY.34
10.4.2 STAY QUIET .36
10.5 Optional commands.36
10.5.1 READ SINGLE BLOCK .36
10.5.2 READ SINGLE BLOCK WITH SECURITY STATUS .36
10.5.3 READ MULTIPLE BLOCKS .37
10.5.4 READ MULTIPLE BLOCKS WITH SECURITY STATUS.38
10.5.5 WRITE SINGLE BLOCK.39
10.5.6 WRITE MULTIPLE BLOCKS.39
10.5.7 LOCK BLOCK.40
10.5.8 GET SYSTEM INFORMATION.41
10.5.9 SELECT .42
10.5.10 RESET TO READY.43
10.5.11 WRITE SYSTEM DATA .43
10.5.12 LOCK SYSTEM DATA .44
10.5.13 Optional command execution in inventory mode.45
10.6 Custom commands .46
10.7 Proprietary commands .46
11 Protocol timing specifications.46
11.1 Type A (FDX).47
11.1.1 Tag waiting time before transmitting its response after reception of an EOF from the
interrogator .47
11.1.2 Interrogator waiting time before sending a subsequent request.47
11.1.3 Interrogator waiting time before switching to the next slot during an inventory process.48
11.2 Type B (HDX).49
11.2.1 Tag waiting time before transmitting its response after reception of an EOF from the
interrogator .49
11.2.2 Interrogator waiting time before sending a subsequent request.49
11.2.3 Interrogator waiting time before switching to the next slot during an inventory process.49
11.2.4 Tag charge and re-charge .50
12 Protocol parameters.50
13 Anti-collision parameters .51
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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
Annex A (informative) CRC Check for Error Detection. 53
A.1 Description. 53
A.2 CRC check source code example . 54
Annex B (informative) Alternative carrier frequency for Type B operating fields . 55
B.1 Description. 55
Annex C (informative) Description of a typical anti-collision sequence with tags of types A and B . 56
C.1 Description. 56
Annex D (informative) Optional anti-collision mechanism. 57
D.1 Introduction . 57
D.2 Description. 57
D.3 Physical layer for the Multi-read command. 57
D.3.1 Power transfer . 58
D.3.2 Frequency . 58
D.3.3 Interrogator to tag . 58
D.3.4 Tag to interrogator . 58
D.3.5 Parameters for optional Multi-read command . 59
D.4 Multi-read command . 61
D.4.1 Multi-read request format. 61
D.4.2 Request flags. 61
D.5 Anti-collision mechanism. 62
D.5.1 Acknowledgement by the interrogator .62
D.5.2 Acknowledgement by the tag . 63
D.5.3 Timing. 63
D.5.4 Explanation of an anti-collision sequence .63
D.6 Protocol and anti-collision Parameters . 69
D.6.1 Protocol Parameters. 69
D.6.2 Anti-collision Protocol. 70

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
ISO/IEC 18000-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item management:
 Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
 Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
 Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
 Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
 Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
 Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz

vi © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
Introduction
ISO/IEC 18000 is a series of International Standards describing common communications protocols for the
purpose of Radio Frequency Identification for Item Management.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 relates to systems operating at frequencies less than 135 kHz.
It has been developed in accordance with the requirements determined in ISO 18000-1, Information
technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Reference architecture and definition of
parameters to be standardized.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents
concerning radio-frequency identification technology given in the table below.
ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have assured the ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences
under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this
respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO and IEC.
Information may be obtained from:
Contact details Patent number
ATMEL US 5286955
Dr. Bertram Koch EP 0502518B1
Leiter Patentabteilung OP31
ATMEL Germany GmbH

Theresienstrasse 2
D-74072 Heilbronn
Germany
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[e-mail]
Matrics Technology US 6002344
Mr Kevin J Powell
Senior Director, Product Development
8850 Stanford Blvd, Suite 3000
Columbia, MD 21045
USA
Tel: [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V AT-PS 401127, CN 1293789-A
Mr.Harald Röggla EP 1064616A, JP 00-596516
Intellectual Property & Standards US 09/487151, WO 00/45328-A1
Triester Strasse 64 EP 0473569B, JP A91-211035
A-1101 Vienna US 5345231B, AT-PS 395224
Austria US 2002-0131453-A1
[e-mail] WO 02/073511
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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
Contact details Patent number
INTERCODE / SPACECODE US 5426423, EP 90909459.1
12, Rue des Petits Ruisseaux CA 2058 947, US 6177858B1
Z.I. des Godets EP 96402556.3, CA 2191787
F-91370 Verrières le Buisson US 5923251, EP 96402554.8
France CA 21911788, US 5808550
Tel: + 33.1.69.75.21.70 EP 96402555.5, CA 2191794
Fax: + 33.1.60.11.00.31
[e-mail]
Texas Instruments Inc. EP 845751, US 5793324
Mr. Russ Baumann US 5929801, US 5053774
S&C Patent & Legal Counsel
34 Forest Street
Attleboro, MA
USA
Tel:  [phone]
Fax: [phone]
[e-mail]

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.

viii © ISO/IEC 2004 – All rights reserved

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for
item management —
Part 2:
Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating
below 135 kHz used in item management applications. Its purpose is to provide a common technical
specification for RFID devices to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the
growing RFID market in the international marketplace. This part defines the forward and return link
parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel
accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit
rate accuracy, bit transmission order. It further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.
This part contains two types. The detailed technical differences between the types are shown in the parameter
tables.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 specifies
• The physical layer that is used for communication between the interrogator and the tag.
• The protocol and the commands
• The method to detect and communicate with one tag among several tags (“anti-collision”)
It specifies two types of tags: Type A (FDX) and Type B (HDX). These two types differ only by their physical
layer. Both types support the same anti-collision and protocol.
FDX tags are permanently powered by the interrogator, including during the tag-to-interrogator transmission.
They operate at 125 kHz.
HDX tags are powered by the interrogator, except during the tag-to-interrogator transmission. They operate at
134,2 kHz. An alternative operating frequency is described in Annex B.
An optional anti-collision mechanism is described in Annex D.
2 Conformance
2.1 Tag
To claim conformance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000, a tag shall be of either Type A or B.
NOTE Nothing in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 prevents a tag to be of both types, although for technical reasons, it is
unlikely that such tags are ever marketed.
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ISO/IEC 18000-2:2004(E)
2.2 Interrogator
To claim conformance with this part of ISO/IEC 18000, an interrogator shall support both Types A and B.
Depending on the application, it may be configured as Type A only, Type B only or Types A and B.
When configured in Types A and B, and when in the Inventory phase, the interrogator shall alternate between
Type A and Type B interrogation. See Annex C.
NOTE
...