ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005
(Main)Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR) — Part 2: Classification
Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR) — Part 2: Classification
ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 restates and elaborates on the procedures and techniques of ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003 for registering classification schemes and classifying administered items in a metadata registry (MDR). All types of administered items can be classified, including object classes, properties, representations, value domains, and data element concepts, as well as data elements themselves. ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 develops a set of principles, methods, and procedures for specifying what is needed (at a minimum) to document the association between the various types of administered items and one or more classification schemes. This includes the names, definitions, and other aspects of the classification scheme and its contents. These can be captured through the use of a set of attributes. Particular attributes are specified in ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005, along with a structure for the contents of these attributes. Users may extend the set of attributes as necessary. Additional information may accompany a taxonomy or ontology; for example, to provide a suggested set of qualifiers that could be applied to the object class, property, or representation taxa to more fully qualify the classification of the particular administered item. ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005 summarizes the basic attributes and model specified in ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003.
Technologies de l'information — Registres de métadonnées (RM) — Partie 2: Classification
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 11179-2
Second edition
2005-11-15
Information technology — Metadata
registries (MDR) —
Part 2:
Classification
Technologies de l'information — Registres de métadonnées (RM) —
Partie 2: Classification
Reference number
ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2005
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ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 2005 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references. 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Attributes of a Classification Scheme . 3
5 Mechanism for classifying an administered item. 5
Annex A (normative) Regions of the MDR metamodel containing classification scheme attributes . 6
Bibliography . 9
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ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 11179-2 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 32, Data management and interchange.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 11179-2:2000), in order to harmonize with
ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003. All normative material in ISO/IEC 11179-2:2000, including the attributes and model of
a classification scheme, have been modified and included in ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003. This second edition of
ISO/IEC 11179-2 contains some minor elaboration of ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003, 4.10 (Classification Region).
ISO/IEC 11179 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Metadata
registries (MDR):
— Part 1: Framework
— Part 2: Classification
— Part 3: Registry metamodel and basic attributes
— Part 4: Formulation of data definitions
— Part 5: Naming and identification principles
— Part 6: Registration
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ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005(E)
Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 11179 focuses on the part of the metadata registry (MDR) model called the classification
region (ISO/IEC 11179-3, 4.10). The classification region permits the registration and administration of all or
part of a classification scheme. Optionally, a classification scheme may be used to classify administered items,
the registered artifacts in a metadata registry.
There are many efforts underway to devise classification schemes and to use the schemes to build and
populate classification structures. For the purpose of this part of ISO/IEC 11179, the following are all
considered types of classification schemes of varying discriminatory power: key words, thesauri, taxonomies,
and ontologies. These classification schemes have potentially great utility for documenting objects in the real
world, including administered items in an MDR.
There are several purposes for applying classification to real world objects. Classification assists users to find
a single object from among a large collection of objects, facilitates the administration and analysis of a
collection of objects, and, through inheritance, conveys semantic content that is often only incompletely
specified by other attributes, such as names and definitions.
When applied to classifying administered items in an MDR, the classification schemes accommodated in this
part of ISO/IEC 11179 have utility for
• deriving and formulating abstract and application administered items;
• ensuring appropriate attribute and attribute-value inheritance;
• deriving names from a controlled vocabulary;
• disambiguating;
• recognizing superordinate, coordinate, and subordinate administered item concepts;
• recognizing relationships among administered items;
• assisting in the development of modularly designed names and definitions.
The preparation of ISO/IEC 11179 has also been prompted by the need for standardized data design
procedures that will ensure the emergence of data elements capable of supporting electronic data interchange.
Each type of classification scheme mentioned above has particular strengths and weaknesses, and provides
the foundation upon which particular capabilities can be built. Keywords, for example, are a quick way to
provide users some assistance in locating potentially useful administered items. A thesaurus provides a more
structured approach, arranging descriptive terms in a structure of broader, narrower, and related classification
categories. A taxonomy provides a classification structure that adds the power of inheritance of meaning from
generalized taxa to specialized taxa. Ontologies, with associated epistemologies, can provide rich, rigorously
defined structures (e.g. directed acyclic graphs with multiple inheritance) that can convey information needed
by software, such as intelligent agents and mediators that are useful in the provision of intelligent information
services.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 11179-2:2005(E)
Information technology — Metadata registries (MDR) —
Part 2:
Classification
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 11179 restates and elaborates on the procedures and techniques of
ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003 for registering classification schemes and classifying administered items in an MDR.
All types of administered items can be classified, including object classes, properties, representations, value
domains, and data element concepts, as well as data elements themselves.
This part of ISO/IEC 11179 develops a set of principles, methods, and procedures for specifying what is
needed (at a minimum) to document the association between the various types of administered items and one
or more classification schemes. This includes the names, definitions, and other aspects of the classification
scheme and its contents. These can be captured through use of a set of attributes. Particular attributes are
specified in this part of ISO/IEC 11179, along with a structure for the contents of these attributes. Users may
extend the set of attributes as necessary. Additional information may accompany a taxonomy or ontology; for
example, to provide a suggested set of qualifiers that could be applied to the object class, property, or
representation taxa to more fully qualify the classification of the particular administered item. This part of
ISO/
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