ISO 7116:2011

Mopeds - Measurement method for determining maximum speed

ISO 7116:2011 specifies a method for determining the maximum speed of a moped as defined in ISO 3833.

Cyclomoteurs — Méthode de mesure pour déterminer la vitesse maximale

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Jan-2011
• ICS: 43.140 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 38 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 38 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 05-Jun-2025
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 7116:1995 - Mopeds - Measurement of maximum speed
• Effective Date: 12-May-2008

Overview

ISO 7116:2011 - "Mopeds - Measurement method for determining maximum speed" is an ISO international standard that defines a repeatable, accurate procedure for measuring the maximum steady speed of a moped (as defined in ISO 3833). The standard establishes standard reference conditions, test preparation, rider parameters, measurement equipment and accuracies, permitted test track types, atmospheric monitoring and the format for presenting results. ISO 7116:2011 is intended to produce comparable maximum-speed data for certification, development and performance benchmarking.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and definitions

  • Applies to mopeds defined by ISO 3833; uses terms from ISO 6726 (masses vocabulary).
  • Defines maximum speed (v_max) as the highest steady speed of the test moped.
  • Specifies moped kerb mass and how fuel/auxiliary equipment are accounted for.

• Standard reference conditions

  • Total barometric pressure: 101,325 kPa
  • Air temperature: 293.15 K
  • Relative humidity: 65%
  • Air density: 1.205 kg/m³
  • Relative air density: 0.9319

• Test preparation

  • Moped must conform to production-series configuration or deviations documented.
  • Manufacturer-recommended lubricants, fuels, tyre pressures and run-in procedures required.
  • Test mass and load distribution must match kerb mass specification.

• Rider and riding position

  • Rider clothing and protective equipment required.
  • Rider mass: 75 kg ± 2 kg; height: 1.75 m ± 0.02 m.
  • Rider adopts a stable position enabling safe control and attainment of maximum speed; position documented.

• Measurement equipment & accuracies

  • Required instruments: electronic time counter, photoelectric cells (or equivalent), distance measurement, thermometer, barometer, humidity meter, anemometer.
  • Speed measurement designed to achieve ±1% accuracy; instrument accuracies must be reported.
  • Ambient measurement accuracies (examples): wind speed ±10%, temperature resolution 1 K, barometric pressure 0.2 kPa.

• Test tracks

  • Accepts multiple shapes: straight (Type 1, 2), loop (Type 3, 4) and circle (Type 5).
  • Track must be flat, smooth, dry, with limited longitudinal/transverse slope and adequate acceleration/deceleration lengths.
  • Circle tracks require sufficient radius to reach maximum speed and allow natural line without excessive rider input.

• Reporting

  • Procedures for measuring, calculating average speed, correcting for atmospheric conditions and presenting results (including test report content) are specified.

Practical applications and typical users

• Vehicle manufacturers validating moped performance and compliance.
• Accredited test laboratories performing homologation and certification tests.
• Regulatory authorities setting or enforcing speed-related regulations and type approval.
• R&D teams benchmarking drivetrain, aerodynamics and rider ergonomics.
• Academic researchers needing standardized, comparable maximum-speed data.

Related standards

• ISO 3833 - Road vehicles - Vehicle categories and definitions (moped definition referenced).
• ISO 6726 - Mopeds and motorcycles - Masses - Vocabulary (terms and mass definitions used).

Keywords: ISO 7116, moped maximum speed, measurement method, test track types, speed measurement accuracy, standard reference conditions, moped kerb mass, rider position, homologation.

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 7116
Third edition
2011-02-01
Mopeds — Measurement method for
determining maximum speed
Cyclomoteurs — Méthode de mesure pour déterminer la vitesse
maximale
Reference number
©
ISO 2011
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©  ISO 2011
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Symbols.2
5 Standard reference conditions .2
6 Preparation of test moped.3
7 Rider and riding position.3
8 Measurement equipment and accuracies.3
8.1 Measurement equipment .3
8.2 Measurement accuracies.4
9 Test tracks.4
9.1 General requirements .4
9.2 Composition.5
9.3 Possible shapes and specific requirements .5
10 Atmospheric conditions .7
11 Test procedure and calculation of average speed.8
11.1 General requirements .8
11.2 Measurement .8
11.3 Single-direction test.9
12 Presentation of results.10
12.1 The maximum speed.10
12.2 Test report.10
Annex A (informative) Procedure for determining the acceleration distance .11
Annex B (normative) Presentation of results of maximum speed.15
Bibliography.18

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 7116 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 23, Mopeds.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7116:1995), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Introduction
In this third edition of ISO 7116, all the test methods and conditions, such as accuracy of measuring system
and climatic conditions, are reviewed and updated for the purpose of obtaining measurement results with
higher accuracy.
The test method and conditions on circle type test tracks, which are used in several regions, are also revised
substantially in view of the similarity with testing results on straight test tracks.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 7116:2011(E)

Mopeds — Measurement method for determining maximum
speed
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for determining the maximum speed of a moped as defined in
ISO 3833.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6726, Mopeds and motorcycles with two wheels — Masses — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 6726 and the following apply.
3.1
maximum speed
v
max
highest steady speed of test moped
3.2
moped kerb mass
m
k
Moped dry mass to which is added the mass of the following:
⎯ fuel: tank filled at least to 90 % of the capacity specified by the manufacturer;
⎯ auxiliary equipment usually supplied by the manufacturer in addition to that necessary for normal
operation
EXAMPLES Tool-kit, carrier(s), windscreen(s), protective equipment, etc.
4 Symbols
Table 1 — Symbols
Symbols Definition Unit
A accuracy of measurement equipment of the measurement section length m
len
A resultant accuracy of speed measurement %
speed
A accuracy of time measurement equipment s
time
d relative air density during the test ―
T
d relative air density at the standard reference conditions ―
e resultant speed measurement error of system km/h
speed
L length of the measurement section of type 1, type 3 and type 5 test tracks m
st
L length of the measurement section 1 of type 2 and type 4 test tracks m
st1
L length of the measurement section 2 of type 2 and type 4 test tracks m
st2
p total barometric pressure during test kPa
T
p total barometric pressure at standard reference conditions kPa
T air temperature during test K
T
T air temperature at standard reference conditions K
t time to run the measurement section s
t time to run the measurement section in direction a s
a
t time to run the measurement section in direction b s
b
t time to run the measurement section test run i s
i
v moped speed km/h
v average speed of moped of two-direction tests km/h
ave
v moped speed test run i km/h
i
v maximum speed of test moped km/h
max
ρ air volumetric mass kg/m
5 Standard reference conditions
The standard reference conditions shall be as follows:
a) total barometric pressure, p : 101,325 kPa;
b) air temperature, T : 293,15 K;
c) relative humidity, H : 65 %;
d) air volumetric mass, ρ : 1,205 kg/m ;
e) relative air density, d : 0,931 9.
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

6 Preparation of test moped
6.1 The moped shall conform in all its parts and components with the production series or, if different, a full
description of such differences shall be included in the test report.
6.2 The fuel feed, ignition devices and the viscosity of the oils for the moving mechanical parts shall be in
accordance with the instructions given by the moped manufacturer.
6.3 The lubricants shall be those prescribed by the manufacturer; the fuel shall be the commercial grade for
the type of moped tested.
6.4 The moped engine and transmission shall be properly run in, according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
6.5 Before the test, all moped parts shall be stabilized at the normal temperature for the moped in use.
6.6 The test moped mass shall be the moped kerb mass.
6.7 The distribution of the load between the wheels shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
6.8 When installing the measurement instruments on the moped, care shall be taken to minimize their
effects on the distribution of the load between the wheels and the additional aerodynamic loss.
6.9 Tyres shall be inflated to the pressure specified by the manufacturer.
7 Rider and riding position
7.1 The rider shall wear a close-fitting suit, a protective helmet, eye protection, boots and gloves.
7.2 The rider in the conditions given in 7.1 shall have a mass of 75 kg ± 2 kg and be 1,75 m ± 0,02 m tall.
7.3 The rider shall take the normal and safe riding position which is appropriate for attaining the maximum
speed of the moped to be tested. The position shall allow the rider at all times to have proper control of the
moped during the test. The position of the rider shall remain as stable as possible in order to avoid any
influence on the test results. The description of the position shall be given in the test report or may be
replaced with photographs (either during motion or in a static position).
8 Measurement equipment and accuracies
8.1 Measurement equipment
Test equipment to measure the moped speed and the ambient atmospheric conditions shall be as follows:
a) electronic time counter or equivalent time measurement system;
b) photoelectric cell or equivalent sensor;
c) measurement equipment for the distance between photoelectric cells;
d) thermometer;
e) barometer;
f) humidity meter;
g) anemometer.
The photoelectric cell and electronic time counter system, or the equivalent system, shall be used to measure
the moped speed. Care shall be taken with the set-up adjustment of photoelectric cells or equivalent sensors
(e.g. height of the sensors and the crossing point of the photo-beam and the moped) so that the required
accuracy of the length of measurement section is secured. The details of the system shall be given in the test
report if the equivalent system is used.
The function and accuracy of the test equipment shall be checked before use in the test.
8.2 Measurement accuracies
8.2.1 Accuracy of speed measurement system
The error of measured moped speed is influenced by the total time to run the measurement section(s), t, the
length of the measurement section(s), L , the accuracy of the time measurement equipment, A , and the
st time
accuracy of measurement equipment of the measurement section length, A .
len
The length of the measurement section shall be chosen with reference to instrument accuracy and to the
method of determining the running time, such that the actual speed is measured to an accuracy of ±1 %.
The accuracy of measurement equipment (e.g. the tape measure or the surveying instrument) of the
measurement section(s) length, A , shall be given in the test report.
len
The accuracy of time measurement equipment, A , is determined by the accuracy of the electronic time
time
counter system itself and the response time of the photoelectric cell sensor. A shall be given in the test
time
report.
8.2.2 Measurement accuracy of ambient atmospheric conditions
The accuracies of equipment used to measure the ambient atmospheric conditions shall be in accordance
with Table 2.
Table 2 — Accuracy
Parameter At measured value Resolution
Wind speed ±10 % 0,1 m/s
Wind direction ― 5°
Ambient temperature ― 1 K
Barometric pressure ― 0,2 kPa
Humidity ±5 % 1 %
9 Test tracks
9.1 General requirements
The test shall be carried out on a roadway that allows the maximum speed to be maintained over a
measurement section(s) as defined in 9.2. The entry section of the measurement section shall have the same
surface and longitudinal profile as the measurement section and be long enough to permit the moped to attain
its maximum speed.
The test track shall be flat, level and smoothly paved. The road surface shall be dry and free of obstacles or
wind barriers that might impede the measurement of the maximum speed. The test track shall have not more
than 0,5 % longitudinal slope and not more than 3 % transverse slope, excluding the deceleration section(s).
4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

The difference in altitude between any two points on the measurement section shall not exceed 1 m. However,
the slope to compensate the centrifugal force of loop type and circle type test tracks may be allowed.
The shape and dimensions of the test track and the location of the measurement section(s) shall be given in
the test report or replaced by the figure.
9.2 Composition
The test track shall consist of the following sections:
a) the acceleration section to reach maximum speed;
b) the maximum speed measurement section;
c) the deceleration section to safely stop the test moped.
9.3 Possible shapes and specific requirements
9.3.1 The straight type test track
9.3.1.1 Type 1
The measurement section as shown in Figure 1 shall be located on the straight track. The acceleration
sections to the left and r
...