ISO/IEC 15288:2002
(Main)Systems engineering — System life cycle processes
Systems engineering — System life cycle processes
Ingénierie systèmes — Processus de cycle de vie des systèmes
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15288
First edition
2002-11-01
Systems engineering — System life cycle
processes
Ingénierie systèmes — Processus de cycle de vie des systèmes
Reference number
ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2002
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ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
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ii © ISO/IEC 2002 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction. vi
1 Scope. 1
1.1 Purpose. 1
1.2 Field Of Application. 1
1.3 Limitations. 1
2 Conformance. 2
2.1 Intended Usage. 2
2.2 Full Conformance. 2
2.3 Tailored Conformance. 2
3 Normative reference. 2
4 Terms and definitions. 2
5 System Life Cycle Processes . 5
5.1 Introduction. 5
5.2 Agreement Processes. 6
5.2.1 Introduction. 6
5.2.2 Acquisition Process. 6
5.2.3 Supply Process. 7
5.3 Enterprise Processes. 8
5.3.1 Introduction. 8
5.3.2 Enterprise Environment Management Process . 9
5.3.3 Investment Management Process . 10
5.3.4 System Life Cycle Processes Management Process . 11
5.3.5 Resource Management Process. 12
5.3.6 Quality Management Process . 13
5.4 Project Processes. 13
5.4.1 Introduction. 13
5.4.2 Project Planning Process. 14
5.4.3 Project Assessment Process. 15
5.4.4 Project Control Process. 17
5.4.5 Decision-making Process. 18
5.4.6 Risk Management Process. 19
5.4.7 Configuration Management Process. 20
5.4.8 Information Management Process . 21
5.5 Technical Processes. 22
5.5.1 Introduction. 22
5.5.2 Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process. 23
5.5.3 Requirements Analysis Process. 25
5.5.4 Architectural Design Process. 27
5.5.5 Implementation Process. 29
5.5.6 Integration Process. 30
5.5.7 Verification Process. 31
5.5.8 Transition Process. 32
5.5.9 Validation Process. 33
5.5.10 Operation Process. 35
5.5.11 Maintenance Process. 36
5.5.12 Disposal Process. 37
6 System Life Cycle Stages. 39
6.1 Introduction. 39
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ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
6.2 Life Cycle Models . 39
6.3 Life Cycle Stages. 39
Annex A (normative) Tailoring Process . 40
A.1 Introduction. 40
A.2 Tailoring Process. 40
A.2.1 Purpose of the Tailoring Process. 40
A.2.2 Tailoring Process Outcomes. 40
A.2.3 Tailoring Process Activities. 40
Annex B (informative) Life Cycle Stages. 42
B.1 Introduction. 42
B.2 Concept Stage. 42
B.2.1 Overview. 42
B.2.2 Purpose of the Concept Stage. 43
B.2.3 Concept Stage Outcomes. 43
B.3 Development Stage. 43
B.3.1 Overview. 43
B.3.2 Purpose of the Development Stage. 44
B.3.3 Development Stage Outcomes . 44
B.4 Production Stage. 45
B.4.1 Overview. 45
B.4.2 Purpose of the Production Stage . 45
B.4.3 Production Stage Outcomes. 45
B.5 Utilization Stage. 45
B.5.1 Overview. 45
B.5.2 Purpose of the Utilization Stage . 46
B.5.3 Utilization Stage Outcomes. 46
B.6 Support Stage. 46
B.6.1 Overview. 46
B.6.2 Purpose of the Support Stage. 47
B.6.3 Support Stage Outcomes . 47
B.7 Retirement Stage. 47
B.7.1 Overview. 47
B.7.2 Purpose of the Retirement Stage. 48
B.7.3 Retirement Stage Outcomes . 48
Annex C (informative) Relationship between ISO/IEC 15288 and ISO/IEC 12207:1995/AMD.1:2002. 49
C.1 Diagrammatic representation. 49
C.2 Tabular representation. 50
Annex D (informative) Concepts . 52
D.1 System Concepts. 52
D.1.1 Introduction. 52
D.1.2 Systems. 52
D.1.3 System Structure. 53
D.1.4 Hierarchy in Systems and Projects . 54
D.1.5 Enabling Systems. 55
D.2 Life Cycle Concepts . 56
D.2.1 System Life Cycle Model . 56
D.2.2 System Life Cycle Stages. 56
D.2.3 Stages in a system-of-interest and its enabling systems . 57
D.3 Process Concepts. 58
D.3.1 Life Cycle Processes . 58
D.3.2 Responsibilities and Agreements within and between Organizations . 59
D.3.3 Process application. 60
Bibliography. 62
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ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission)
form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC
participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the
respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees
collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have
established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 15288 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee
SC 7, Software and system engineering.
Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes B, C and D are for information only.
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ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
Introduction
The complexity of man-made systems has increased to an unprecedented level. This has led to new opportunities, but
also to increased challenges for the organizations that create and utilize systems. These challenges exist throughout
the life cycle of a system and at all levels of structural detail. They arise from several sources:
there are inherent differences among the hardware, software and human elements from which systems are
constructed.
almost every present-day system contains, and/or is modelled and supported by computer-based technology.
there is a lack of harmonization and integration of the involved disciplines, including science, engineering,
management and finance.
There is therefore a need for a common framework to improve communication and co-operation among the parties that
create, utilize and manage modern systems in order that they can work in an integrated, coherent fashion.
This International Standard provides a common process framework covering the life cycle of man-made systems. This
life cycle spans the conception of ideas through to the retirement of a system. It provides the processes for
acquiring and supplying systems. In addition, this framework provides for the assessment and improvement of the
life cycle processes.
The processes in this International Standard form a comprehensive set from which an organization can construct
system life cycle models appropriate to its products and services. An organization, depending on its purpose, can
select and apply an appropriate subset to fulfil that purpose.
This International Standard can be used in one or more of the following modes:
By an organization — to help establish an environment of desired processes. These processes can be
supported by an infrastructure of methods, procedures, techniques, tools and trained personnel. The
organization may then employ this environment to perform and manage its projects and progress systems
through their life cycle stages. In this mode this International Standard is used to assess conformance of a
declared, established environment to its provisions.
By a project — to help select, structure and employ the elements of an established environment to provide
products and services. In this mode this International Standard is used in the assessment of conformance of
the project to the declared and established environment.
By an acquirer and a supplier — to help develop an agreement concerning processes and activities. Via the
agreement, the processes and activities in this International Standard are selected, negotiated, agreed to and
performed. In this mode this International Standard is used for guidance in developing the agreement.
This International Standard contains requirements in three Clauses: Clause 5, that defines the requirements for the
system life cycle processes, Clause 6, that defines the requirements for stages in a life cycle, and Annex A, that
provides requirements for tailoring of this International Standard. Three informative annexes are also contained in
this International Standard: Annex B, that provides an example of the use of stages in life cycles, Annex C, that
shows its relationship with ISO/IEC 12207:1995/AMD.1:2002 Information technology — Software life cycle
processes, and Annex D, that describes the key concepts that it uses. Readers new to this International Standard
are advised to consult Annex D to gain an appreciation of these concepts.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
Systems engineering — System life cycle processes
1 Scope
1.1 Purpose
This International Standard establishes a common framework for describing the life cycle of systems created by
humans. It defines a set of processes and associated terminology. These processes can be applied at any level in
the hierarchy of a system’s structure. Selected sets of these processes can be applied throughout the life cycle for
managing and performing the stages of a system's life cycle. This is accomplished through the involvement of all
interested parties with the ultimate goal of achieving customer satisfaction.
This International Standard also provides processes that support the definition, control and improvement of the life
cycle processes used within an organization or a project. Organizations and projects can use these life cycle
processes when acquiring and supplying systems.
This International Standard concerns those systems that are man-made and may be configured with one or more of
the following: hardware, software, humans, processes (e.g. review process), procedures (e.g. operator instructions),
facilities and naturally occurring entities (e.g. water, organisms, minerals).
1.2 Field Of Application
This International Standard applies to the full life cycle of systems, including conception, development, production,
utilization, support and retirement of systems, and to the acquisition and supply of systems, whether performed
internally or externally to an organization. The life cycle processes of this International Standard can be applied
concurrently, iteratively and recursively to a system and its elements.
There is a wide variety of systems in terms of their purpose, domain of application, complexity, size, novelty,
adaptability, quantities, locations, life spans and evolution. This International Standard describes the processes that
comprise the life cycle of any man-made system. It therefore applies to one-of-a-kind systems, mass-produced
systems and customized, adaptable systems.
This International Standard applies to organizations in their role as both acquirers and suppliers. It can be used by
a single party in a self-imposed mode or in a multi-party situation. Parties can be from the same organization or
from different organizations and the situation can range from an informal agreement to a formal contract.
The processes in this International Standard can be used as a basis for establishing business environments, e.g.
methods, techniques, tools and trained personnel. It provides a process reference model characterized in terms of
the process purpose and the process outcomes that result from their successful implementation. This International
Standard can therefore be used as a reference model to support process assessment as specified in
ISO/IEC TR 15504-2.
1.3 Limitations
This International Standard does not detail the life cycle processes in terms of methods or procedures required to
meet the requirements and outcomes of a process.
This International Standard does not detail documentation in terms of name, format, explicit content and recording
media.
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ISO/IEC 15288:2002(E)
This International Standard is not intended to be in conflict with any organization’s policies, procedures, and
standards or with any national laws and regulations. Any such conflict should be resolved before using this
International Standard.
2 Conformance
2.1 Intended Usage
The requirements in this International Standard are contained in Clause 5, Clause 6 and Annex A. This
International Standard provides requirements for a number of processes suitable for usage during the life cycle of a
system. It is recognized that particular projects or organizations may not need to use all of the processes provided
by this International Standard. Therefore, implementation of this International Standard typically involves selecting
a set of processes suitable to the organization or project. There are two ways that an implementation can be
claimed to conform with the provisions of this International Standard. Any claim of conformance is cited in only one
of the two forms below.
2.2 Full Conformance
A claim of full conformance declares the set of processes for which conformance is claimed. Full conformance is
achieved by demonstrating that all of the requirements of the declared set of processes have been satisfied using
the outcomes as evidence.
2.3 Tailored Conformance
When this standard is used as a basis for establishing a set of processes that do not qualify for full conformance,
the clauses of this International Standard are selected or modified in accordance with the tailoring process
prescribed in Annex A. The tailored text, for which tailored conformance is claimed, is declared. Tailored
conformance is achieved by demonstrating that requirements for the processes, as tailored, have been satisfied
using the outcomes as evidence.
NOTE When this standard is used to help develop an agreement between an acquirer and a supplier, clauses of this
International Standard can be selected for incorporation in the agreement with or without modification. In this case, it is more
appropriate for the acquirer and supplier to claim compliance with the agreement than conformance with this International
Standard.
3 Normative reference
The following normative document contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the normative document indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO/IEC 12207:1995/AMD.1:2002 Information technology — Software life cycle processes — Amendment 1
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes
...
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