ISO 20182:2024
(Main)Refractory test-piece preparation — Gunning refractory panels by the pneumatic-nozzle mixing type guns
Refractory test-piece preparation — Gunning refractory panels by the pneumatic-nozzle mixing type guns
This document describes the procedure for the preparation of test panels from refractory materials by gunning through pneumatic nozzle mixing type guns at ambient temperatures. The test pieces are for the determination of properties on as-gunned products prepared under either “standard conditions” (as required for quality assurance or product development) or “site conditions”. In the case of “site conditions”, the purpose of the testing is to establish the properties pertaining to a given installation or a given set of installation conditions. In this case, the panel can be obtained during the on-site installation. Parameters such as ambient temperature, gunning elevation, air pressure and curing conditions (temperature, orientation of the panel) applicable during the preparation of the panel are as near as possible to the respective parameters pertaining to the site installation. It is also possible to simulate certain “site conditions” by gunning panels off-site, for example, in a laboratory setting. This is acceptable under this document, by agreement between interested parties. This document does not apply to plastic gunning mixes and to those mixes that contain aggregates that are susceptible to hydration. This document does not apply to shotcrete type mixes, which are dealt with in ISO 18886.
Préparation d'éprouvettes réfractaires — Panneaux réfractaires pour gunitage au pistolet mélangeur pneumatique
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 20182
Third edition
Refractory test-piece preparation —
2024-10
Gunning refractory panels by the
pneumatic-nozzle mixing type guns
Préparation d'éprouvettes réfractaires — Panneaux réfractaires
pour gunitage au pistolet mélangeur pneumatique
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Precision . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Sampling . 3
8 Procedure . 3
9 Test Report . 6
Annex A (informative) Determination of total water content and rebound . 8
Bibliography . 9
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 33, Refractories, in collaboration with the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 187, Refractory products
and materials, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 20182:2008), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— Scope has been broadened to include preparation of gunned panels under both controlled laboratory
(“standard”) conditions and “site” conditions; this broadening of scope aligns with that adopted in
ISO18886;
— in 6.5, details of two acceptable support plates have been amended;
— in Clause 4, provision has been made for the use of a gunning liquid other than water and examples of
liquids other than water that might typically pertain, are given;
— Clause 8 has been revised;
— in Clause 9 test report item a), details of any stainless-steel wire fibre additions are to be reported;
— A.2 has been amended, specifying that it is the as-cured mass of the panel that is to be used as the basis
for rebound calculations.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 20182:2024(en)
Refractory test-piece preparation — Gunning refractory
panels by the pneumatic-nozzle mixing type guns
WARNING — This document can involve the use of hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
It does not attempt to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This document describes the procedure for the preparation of test panels from refractory materials by
gunning through pneumatic nozzle mixing type guns at ambient temperatures. The test pieces are for
the determination of properties on as-gunned products prepared under either “standard conditions” (as
required for quality assurance or product development) or “site conditions”. In the case of “site conditions”,
the purpose of the testing is to establish the properties pertaining to a given installation or a given set of
installation conditions. In this case, the panel can be obtained during the on-site installation. Parameters
such as ambient temperature, gunning elevation, air pressure and curing conditions (temperature,
orientation of the panel) applicable during the preparation of the panel are as near as possible to the
respective parameters pertaining to the site installation.
It is also possible to simulate certain “site conditions” by gunning panels off-site, for example, in a laboratory
setting. This is acceptable under this document, by agreement between interested parties.
This document does not apply to plastic gunning mixes and to those mixes that contain aggregates that are
susceptible to hydration.
This document does not apply to shotcrete type mixes, which are dealt with in ISO 18886.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 836, Terminology for refractories
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 836 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
gun
assembly, essentially comprising a chamber into which the refractory is added, together with a mechanism
that controls the flow of the material through the unit
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the type used, the gun may be open at the top, or a closed pressurized unit may be used.
3.2
rebound material
material that fails to adhere to the surface when being sprayed and ricochets out of the immediate area
4 Principle
Refractory material is conveyed pneumatically in either a dry or (occasionally), pre-dampened form to the
test site, using equipment of the nozzle mixing type. Then liquid (most commonly, water) is introduced to
the refractory mix at the nozzle and the mixture is projected onto a support plate (see 6.5).
Examples of liquids other than water that can be used during the “dry gunning” operation described above,
include “binders” such as colloidal silica; or setting-time accelerators (which are typically alkaline solutions).
Water is the default gunning liquid. Any other gunning liquid, if used, shall be specified.
5 Precision
Differences between various types of equipment and in operator techniques can result in variations in the
physical properties of the gunned specimens. For referee testing, the same operator should use the same
equipment to produce test specimens.
NOTE At time of publication, interlaboratory testing to determine the precision of this document with respect
to different types of material and with respect to the physical tests most performed on specimens cut from gunned
panels, has not been scheduled. If such work is completed, a suitable addendum can be included in a future edition.
It is stressed that this document deals only with sample preparation. At time of publication, it is considered that
interlaboratory testing to evaluate the precision (and accuracy) of specific test methods, is a higher priority.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Gun of the pneumatic nozzle mixing type.
6.2 Air Compressor, capable of supplying a steady airflow at the required pressure and volume.
In some cases, depending on the material to be gunned and the layout, a dedicated air compressor is not
necessary to achieve satisfactory results. “Plant air” can be sufficient. In either case, it is recommended that
an air filter with “water trap” be fitted on the air inlet side, so that clean, de-humidified air is supplied for
use in gunning.
6.3 Mixer. The mixer shall be capable of producing a homogeneous mixture of the material to be tested.
6.4 Hose/nozzle assembly, comprising a reinforced pneumatic hose and a nozzle assembly suitable for
the material being gunned.
6.5 Gunned-material support plate, flat, capable of producing a panel having minimum usable
dimensions of 380 mm x 380 mm x 115 mm thickness that is suitable for the tests intended to be carried
out, after allowance for any material to be cut off as described in Clause 8. The preferred support plate has
ledges at both sides and the top edge. An example of the preferred support plate is given in Figure 1a).
An alternative support plate may be used, 300 mm to 500 mm in length, and having top and bottom support
edge 100 mm in width and of the same overall length as the support plate. An example of the alternative
support plate is given in Figure 1b).
The support plate may be made of wood or steel and shall not flex during use. The support plate may be
larger than the minimum panel size, to allow the edges to be removed from the gunned panel, for example,
to remove trapped rebound material at the bottom, and other edge effects.
Interested parties shall agree which type of support plate is to be used. The test report shall state the
dimensions of the gunned-material support plate and panel produced, and the type of support plate used.
6.6 Air pressure gauge, capable of measuring pressures up to 690 kPa, plus or minus 5 % at all pressures.
6.7 Water-measuring device, for use if pre-damping is carried out, capable of measuring the water
quantity to the nearest 5 %.
6.8 Water-pressure gauge, capable of measuring pressures up to at least 50 kPa greater than the
pressure in the supply lines being used and within plus or minus 5 % at all pressures.
6.9 Miscellaneous tools, including a trowel and a shovel.
6.10 Thermometer, capable of being read to the nearest 1 °C.
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Preferred gunned-material support plate b) Alternative gunned-material support plate
Figure 1 — Examples of gunned-material support plates
7 Sampling
Take the sample for preparation of a test panel in accordance
...
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