ISO/DTR 12353-4

Road vehicles — Traffic accident analysis — Part 4: Compilation of methodologies for assessment of vehicle safety system effectiveness

This document compiles common methods for assessing the effectiveness of vehicle safety systems. This covers active, passive and integrated safety systems including crash avoidance systems. The effectiveness in this context refers to the capability of a safety system or feature to avoid or mitigate injuries, fatalities or crashes. The document covers both prospective and retrospective methodologies. Applicability, advantages, limitations, accuracy, and sensitivity are described for each method. Requirements are presented for necessary input and output data and format.

Véhicules routiers — Analyse des accidents de la circulation — Partie 4: Compilation des méthodologies pour l'évaluation de l'efficacité des systèmes de sécurité des véhicules

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 43.040.80 - Crash protection and restraint systems
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 36 - Safety and impact testing
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 36/WG 7 - Traffic accident analysis methodology
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 20-Aug-2024
• Completion Date: 20-Aug-2024

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 2313-2:2021 - Textiles — Determination of the recovery from creasing of a folded specimen of fabric by measuring the angle of recovery — Part 2: Method of the vertically folded specimen
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/TC 22/SC 36
Road vehicles — Traffic accident
Secretariat: AFNOR
analysis —
Voting begins on:
2024-08-20
Part 4:
Compilation of methodologies for
Voting terminates on:
2024-10-15
assessment of vehicle safety system
effectiveness
Véhicules routiers — Analyse des accidents de la circulation —
Partie 4: Compilation des méthodologies pour l'évaluation de
l'efficacité des systèmes de sécurité des véhicules
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
Technical
Report
ISO/TC 22/SC 36
Road vehicles — Traffic accident
Secretariat: AFNOR
analysis —
Voting begins on:
Part 4:
Compilation of methodologies for
Voting terminates on:
assessment of vehicle safety system
effectiveness
Véhicules routiers — Analyse des accidents de la circulation —
Partie 4: Compilation des méthodologies pour l'évaluation de
l'efficacité des systèmes de sécurité des véhicules
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2024
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
5 Overview of assessment methodologies . 3
5.1 Prospective and retrospective methods .3
5.2 Exposure .3
5.3 Risk .4
5.4 Odds . . .4
5.5 Field of effect .4
5.6 Effectiveness rate .5
5.7 Potential effectiveness .5
5.8 Benefit .7
5.9 Safety performance .7
6 Crash rate estimation using crash case and exposure data (retrospective assessment) . 8
6.1 Introduction .8
6.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations .8
6.3 Methodology .8
6.3.1 Description .8
6.3.2 Input data .8
6.3.3 Output data.9
6.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation .9
7 Dose-response model (retrospective assessment) . 9
7.1 Introduction .9
7.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations .11
7.3 Methodology . 12
7.3.1 Description . 12
7.3.2 Input data . 12
7.3.3 Output data. 12
7.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 12
8 Induced exposure (retrospective assessment) .12
8.1 Introduction . 12
8.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 12
8.3 Methodology . 13
8.3.1 Description . 13
8.3.2 Input data .14
8.3.3 Output data.14
8.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation .14
9 Paired comparisons (retrospective assessment) . 14
9.1 Introduction .14
9.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations .14
9.3 Methodology .14
9.3.1 Description .14
9.3.2 Input data . 15
9.3.3 Output data. 15
9.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 15
10 Prospective assessment based on virtual simulations according to ISO/TR 21934-1 .16
10.1 Introduction .16
10.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations .16

iii
10.3 Methodology .17
10.3.1 General .17
10.3.2 Input data .18
10.3.3 Output data.19
10.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation .19
11 Crash momentum index, C–V plane (prospective or retrospective assessment) .20
r
11.1 Introduction . 20
11.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 20
11.3 Methodology .
...

ISO/TC 22/SC 36/WG 7
Secretariat: AFNOR
Date: 2024-07-0408-05
Road vehicles — Traffic accident analysis — —
Part 4:
Compilation of methodologies for assessment of vehicle safety
system effectiveness
Véhicules routiers — Analyse des accidents de la circulation — —
Partie 4: Compilation dedes méthodologies pour l'évaluation de l'efficacité des systèmes de sécurité des
véhicules
DTR stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
Part 4: Compilation of methodologies for assessment of vehicle safety system effectiveness . 1
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Overview of assessment methodologies. 2
5.1 Prospective and retrospective methods . 2
5.2 Exposure . 3
5.3 Risk . 4
5.4 Odds . 4
5.5 Field of effect . 4
5.6 Effectiveness rate . 5
5.7 Potential effectiveness . 5
5.8 Benefit . 8
5.9 Safety performance . 8
6 Crash rate estimation using crash case and exposure data (retrospective assessment) . 9
6.1 Introduction . 9
6.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 9
6.3 Methodology . 9
6.3.1 Description . 9
6.3.2 Input data. 9
6.3.3 Output data . 10
6.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 10
7 Dose-response model (retrospective assessment) . 10
7.1 Introduction . 10
7.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 14
7.3 Methodology . 14
7.3.1 Description . 14
7.3.2 Input data. 14
7.3.3 Output data . 14
7.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 14
8 Induced exposure (retrospective assessment) . 15
8.1 Introduction . 15
8.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 15
8.3 Methodology . 15
8.3.1 Description . 15
8.3.2 Input data. 16
8.3.3 Output data . 16
8.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 17
9 Paired comparisons (retrospective assessment) . 17
9.1 Introduction . 17
9.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 17
9.3 Methodology . 17
9.3.1 Description . 17
9.3.2 Input data. 19
iii
9.3.3 Output data . 19
9.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 19
10 Prospective assessment based on virtual simulations according to ISO/TR 21934-1 . 19
10.1 Introduction . 19
10.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 19
10.3 Methodology . 20
10.3.1 General. 20
10.3.2 Input data. 23
10.3.3 Output data . 23
10.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 24
11 Crash momentum index, C–V plane (prospective or retrospective assessment) . 24
r
11.1 Introduction . 24
11.2 Applicability, advantages and limitations . 25
11.3 Methodology . 25
11.3.1 Description . 25
11.3.2 Input data. 28
11.3.3 Output data . 29
11.4 Accuracy, sensitivity and validation . 29
Annex A (informative) Application of prospective and retrospective methods . 30
Bibliography . 32

iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of patents.
ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect
thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of patents which may be
required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the
latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 36, Safety
and impact testing.
A list of all parts in the ISO 12353 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduction
Many methodologies are used to analyse the effectiveness of various vehicle safety systems. Most methods are
retrospective, have different applicability, advantages and limitations, an
...