ISO 4992-1:2020
(Main)Steel castings — Ultrasonic testing — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes
Steel castings — Ultrasonic testing — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and the acceptance levels. This document does not apply to austenitic steels and to joint welds.
Pièces moulées en acier - Contrôle par ultrasons — Partie 1: Pièces moulées en acier pour usages généraux
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4992-1
Second edition
2020-03
Steel castings — Ultrasonic testing —
Part 1:
Steel castings for general purposes
Pièces moulées en acier - Contrôle par ultrasons —
Partie 1: Pièces moulées en acier pour usages généraux
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Order information . 3
4.2 Extent of testing . 3
4.3 Maximum acceptable size of discontinuities . 3
4.3.1 General. 3
4.3.2 Acceptance levels for planar discontinuities mainly orientated
perpendicular to the surface . 3
4.3.3 Acceptance levels for volumetric discontinuities . 4
4.3.4 Maximum acceptable discontinuities when radiographic testing (RT) of
the casting is carried out as a supplement to ultrasonic testing (UT) . 4
4.4 Qualification of personnel . 4
4.5 Wall-section zones . 4
4.6 Classes . 4
5 Testing . 4
5.1 Principles . 4
5.2 Material . 4
5.3 Test equipment and coupling fluid . 5
5.3.1 Ultrasonic instrument . 5
5.3.2 Probes. 5
5.3.3 Checking of the ultrasonic test equipment . 6
5.3.4 Coupling fluid. 6
5.4 Preparation of casting surfaces for testing . 6
5.5 Test procedure . 6
5.5.1 General. 6
5.5.2 Range setting . 7
5.5.3 Sensitivity setting . 7
5.5.4 Consideration of various types of indications . 8
5.5.5 Recording limits. 8
5.5.6 Assessment of discontinuities to be recorded . 8
5.5.7 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities . 8
5.6 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Sound-beam diameters .16
Annex B (informative) Types of indications generated by typical discontinuities .18
Bibliography .30
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel
castings.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4992-1:2006), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— New definition added for “rim zone” (3.6) and “non-measurable dimension (3.8);
— New subclause 4.3.1;
— Figure 2 was redrawn;
— Subtitles added to Figures 2, 3, 4 and Figures in Annexes A and B
— Figure A.1 Key 8 was corrected;
— Table in Figure A.1 numbered as Table A.1.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4992 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4992-1:2020(E)
Steel castings — Ultrasonic testing —
Part 1:
Steel castings for general purposes
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic
structure) for general purposes, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-
echo technique.
This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-
refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall
thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and the acceptance levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and to joint welds.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 1
ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Vocabulary
ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 2
ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
ISO 11971, Steel and iron castings — Visual testing of surface quality
ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — General principles
ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Sensitivity and range setting
ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
1)
ISO 22232-1 , Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 1: Instruments
2)
ISO 22232-2 , Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 2: Probes
3)
ISO 22232-3 , Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 3: Combined equipment
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 22322-1.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 22322-2.
3) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 22322-3.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5577, ISO 16810, ISO 16811,
ISO 16827 and the following, apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
equivalent reference discontinuity echo size
indication to be recorded during the assessment phase of an ultrasonic test, usually expressed as an
equivalent diameter of a flat-bottomed hole (FBH)
3.2
point-like discontinuity
discontinuity, the dimensions of which are smaller than or equal to the sound-beam width
Note 1 to entry: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and/or dimension in the through-wall
direction.
3.3
extended discontinuity
discontinuity, the dimensions of which are larger than the sound-beam width
Note 1 to entry: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and/or dimension in the through-wall
direction.
3.4
planar discontinuity
discontinuity having two measurable dimensions
3.5
volumetric discontinuity
discontinuity having three measurable dimensions
3.6
rim zone
1/3 the through-wall thickness from the surface with a maximum of 30 mm
3.7
special rim zone
outer rim zone (3.6) of the test object with special requirements
Note 1 to entry: Examples of special requirements are machined surfaces, higher stresses and sealing surfaces.
3.8
non-measurable dimensio
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4992-1
Second edition
2020-03
Steel castings — Ultrasonic testing —
Part 1:
Steel castings for general purposes
Pièces moulées en acier - Contrôle par ultrasons —
Partie 1: Pièces moulées en acier pour usages généraux
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Order information . 3
4.2 Extent of testing . 3
4.3 Maximum acceptable size of discontinuities . 3
4.3.1 General. 3
4.3.2 Acceptance levels for planar discontinuities mainly orientated
perpendicular to the surface . 3
4.3.3 Acceptance levels for volumetric discontinuities . 4
4.3.4 Maximum acceptable discontinuities when radiographic testing (RT) of
the casting is carried out as a supplement to ultrasonic testing (UT) . 4
4.4 Qualification of personnel . 4
4.5 Wall-section zones . 4
4.6 Classes . 4
5 Testing . 4
5.1 Principles . 4
5.2 Material . 4
5.3 Test equipment and coupling fluid . 5
5.3.1 Ultrasonic instrument . 5
5.3.2 Probes. 5
5.3.3 Checking of the ultrasonic test equipment . 6
5.3.4 Coupling fluid. 6
5.4 Preparation of casting surfaces for testing . 6
5.5 Test procedure . 6
5.5.1 General. 6
5.5.2 Range setting . 7
5.5.3 Sensitivity setting . 7
5.5.4 Consideration of various types of indications . 8
5.5.5 Recording limits. 8
5.5.6 Assessment of discontinuities to be recorded . 8
5.5.7 Characterization and sizing of discontinuities . 8
5.6 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Sound-beam diameters .16
Annex B (informative) Types of indications generated by typical discontinuities .18
Bibliography .30
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel
castings.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4992-1:2006), which has been technically
revised. The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— New definition added for “rim zone” (3.6) and “non-measurable dimension (3.8);
— New subclause 4.3.1;
— Figure 2 was redrawn;
— Subtitles added to Figures 2, 3, 4 and Figures in Annexes A and B
— Figure A.1 Key 8 was corrected;
— Table in Figure A.1 numbered as Table A.1.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4992 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4992-1:2020(E)
Steel castings — Ultrasonic testing —
Part 1:
Steel castings for general purposes
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic
structure) for general purposes, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-
echo technique.
This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-
refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall
thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and the acceptance levels.
This document does not apply to austenitic steels and to joint welds.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 1
ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Vocabulary
ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Specification for calibration block No. 2
ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
ISO 11971, Steel and iron castings — Visual testing of surface quality
ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — General principles
ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Sensitivity and range setting
ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
1)
ISO 22232-1 , Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 1: Instruments
2)
ISO 22232-2 , Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 2: Probes
3)
ISO 22232-3 , Non-destructive testing — Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 3: Combined equipment
1) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 22322-1.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 22322-2.
3) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/DIS 22322-3.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5577, ISO 16810, ISO 16811,
ISO 16827 and the following, apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
equivalent reference discontinuity echo size
indication to be recorded during the assessment phase of an ultrasonic test, usually expressed as an
equivalent diameter of a flat-bottomed hole (FBH)
3.2
point-like discontinuity
discontinuity, the dimensions of which are smaller than or equal to the sound-beam width
Note 1 to entry: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and/or dimension in the through-wall
direction.
3.3
extended discontinuity
discontinuity, the dimensions of which are larger than the sound-beam width
Note 1 to entry: Dimensions in this document relate to length, width and/or dimension in the through-wall
direction.
3.4
planar discontinuity
discontinuity having two measurable dimensions
3.5
volumetric discontinuity
discontinuity having three measurable dimensions
3.6
rim zone
1/3 the through-wall thickness from the surface with a maximum of 30 mm
3.7
special rim zone
outer rim zone (3.6) of the test object with special requirements
Note 1 to entry: Examples of special requirements are machined surfaces, higher stresses and sealing surfaces.
3.8
non-measurable dimensio
...
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