ISO/TC 17/SC 11 - Steel castings

This document specifies requirements for carbon and low alloy cast steel grades for general applications. NOTE 1 Annex A provides guidance on welding. NOTE 2 Annex B gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

This document specifies the acceptance criteria for the surface examination of steel, nickel alloy and cobalt alloy investment castings by visual testing.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. Purchasers determine if components are highly stressed based on the need for performance or safety. This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and the acceptance levels. This document does not apply to austenitic steels and to joint welds.

This document specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic testing of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. This document applies to the ultrasonic testing of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and the acceptance levels. This document does not apply to austenitic steels and to joint welds.

This document specifies a method for the magnetic particle testing of ferro-magnetic steel and iron castings. It also gives acceptance criteria through severity levels defined by the nature, the area and the dimensions of the discontinuities present. This document is applicable to all ferro-magnetic castings, independent of the moulding method. A steel and iron casting is considered to be ferro-magnetic if the magnetic induction is greater than 1 T (Tesla) for a magnetic field strength of 2,4 kA/m. This document only applies to those areas of the castings specified for testing, as well as the percentage of castings to be tested.

This document specifies a method for the liquid penetrant testing of steel castings.

1.1 This document covers the acceptance criteria for the visual testing of the surface of steel and iron castings. 1.2 Acceptance levels utilize Bureau de Normalisation des Industries de la Fonderie (BNIF) and Steel Castings Research and Trade Association (SCRATA) or Casting Technology International (CTI) reference comparators for the visual determination of surface roughness and surface discontinuities described as follows: — surface roughness; — thermal dressing; — mechanical dressing; — non-metallic inclusions; — gas porosity; — fusion discontinuities; — expansion discontinuities; — metal inserts.

This document specifies tool steel compositions for castings. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

ISO 11970:2016 specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production welding of steel castings is qualified. It defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of essential variables. Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this International Standard unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties. ISO 11970:2016 applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this International Standard can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between the contracting parties. In the case of specific service, material or manufacturing conditions, tests more comprehensive than those specified by this International Standard can be specified by the purchaser, in order to gain more information, e.g. longitudinal weld tensile tests, bend tests, chemical analyses, ferrite determination in austenitic stainless steels, elongation, Charpy "V" impact tests, and radiography.

ISO 4991:2015 covers steel castings for pressure containing parts. It includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components subject to pressure vessel codes and components not subject to codes. This International Standard relates to castings manufactured from unalloyed and alloyed steel grades (characterized by their chemical composition, Table 1, and mechanical properties, Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). NOTE Annex D gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

ISO 16468:2015 specifies technical requirements for castings (steel, nickel alloys, and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment-casting process. The International Standards specifying metallurgical material requirements for steel, nickel alloy, and cobalt alloy casting grades are listed in the Bibliography. The requirements stated in ISO 16468:2015 form an integral part of the material specification. In cases of conflict, the requirements of this specification take precedence over the individual material specification requirements.

ISO 13520:2015 specifies procedures which are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.

ISO 13521:2015 specifies austenitic manganese cast steels for wear-resistant service. The grades covered by this International Standard will experience maximum service life in applications where the surface of the casting is subject to impact.

ISO 13583-2:2015 specifies cast steel and nickel alloy grades for elevated temperature service products manufactured by centrifugal casting.

ISO 9477:2015 specifies requirements for four grades of heat treated cast carbon and alloy steels for general engineering and structural purposes. In cases where castings are produced by welding component parts together, this International Standard does not cover the welding process or the properties of the weldment. The four steel grades are intended for service at ambient temperature. However, properties at other temperatures can be agreed on through the use of supplementary requirements in ISO 4990.

ISO 11972:2015 specifies cast steels for general corrosion-resistant applications. The grades covered by this International Standard represent types of alloy steel castings suitable for broad ranges of application which are intended for a wide variety of corrosion applications. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

ISO 4990:2015 specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test pieces. When a material or product standard differ from this delivery specification, the material or product standard shall apply. In the case of investment castings, ISO 16468 will apply. This International Standard also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which may be applied to steel, nickel, and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.

ISO 4993:2015 specifies the general requirements for the radiography of steel and iron castings by means of X-rays or gamma-rays, in accordance with procedures given in ISO 5579 and ISO 19232.

ISO 13583-1:2015 specifies the requirements for horizontal and vertical centrifugally cast steel and alloy products to be used in the following applications: a) heat resisting; b) corrosion resisting; c) general engineering.

ISO 11973:2015 specifies chemical composition and mechanical properties of cast steels and alloys for heat-resistant service.

ISO 19960:2015 specifies cast steel and alloy grades with special physical properties. The cast steel and alloy grades covered by this International Standard are used in applications which require low linear thermal expansion, or low ferromagnetic responses, or low galling properties. NOTE Annex A gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designations.

ISO 14737:2015 specifies requirements for carbon and low alloy cast steel grades for general applications. NOTE Annex B gives information on ISO grade designation and available UNS numbers which are similar to the ISO grade designation.

ISO 4986:2010 specifies a method for the magnetic particle inspection of ferro-magnetic steel castings. It also gives acceptance criteria through severity levels defined by the nature, the area and the dimensions of the discontinuities present. ISO 4986:2010 applies to all ferro‑magnetic castings, independent of the moulding method. A steel casting is considered to be ferro‑magnetic if the magnetic induction is greater than 1 T (Tesla) for a magnetic field strength of 2,4 kA/m. ISO 4986:2010 only applies to those areas of the castings specified for inspection, as well as the percentage of castings to be inspected.

ISO 4987:2010 specifies a method for the liquid penetrant inspection of steel castings, whatever their grade and the casting procedure used to produce them

ISO 10679:2010 covers tool-steel compositions for usable cast shapes in the annealed condition.

ISO 4993:2009 specifies the general requirements for the radiography of steel and iron castings by means of X-rays or gamma-rays, in accordance with procedures given in ISO 5579 and ISO 19232 (all parts).

ISO 11971:2008 covers the acceptance criteria for the surface inspection of steel and iron castings by visual examination.

ISO 4992-2:2006 specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic examination of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for highly stressed components, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse echo technique. ISO 4992-2:2006 applies to the ultrasonic examination of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and recording levels. ISO 4992-2:2006 does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.

ISO 4992-1:2006 specifies the requirements for the ultrasonic examination of steel castings (with ferritic structure) for general purposes, and the methods for determining internal discontinuities by the pulse-echo technique. ISO 4992-1:2006 applies to the ultrasonic examination of steel castings which have usually received a grain-refining heat treatment and which have wall thicknesses up to and including 600 mm. For greater wall thicknesses, special agreements apply with respect to the test procedure and recording levels. ISO 4992-1:2006 does not apply to austenitic steels and joint welds.

ISO 16468:2005 specifies technical requirements for castings (steel, nickel alloys and cobalt alloys) produced by the investment-casting process.

ISO 19960:2005 specifies cast steel and alloy grades with special physical properties. The cast steel and alloy grades covered by this International Standard are used in applications which require low linear thermal expansion, or low ferromagnetic responses, or low galling properties.

ISO 19959:2005 specifies the acceptance criteria for the surface inspection of steel, nickel alloy and cobalt alloy investment castings by visual examination.

ISO 4990:2003 specifies the general technical delivery requirements for the supply of steel, nickel and cobalt alloy castings, including the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test pieces. This International Standard also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which may be applied to steel, nickel and cobalt alloy castings. These requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when individually specified by the purchaser.

ISO 13583-2:2003 specifies cast steel and alloy grades for elevated temperature service pieces manufactured by centrifugal casting.

ISO 14737:2003 specifies requirements for cast non-alloy and low alloy steel grades for general applications.

In ISO 13520 procedures are covered for estimating ferrite content in certain grades of austenitic iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings that have compositions balanced to create the formation of ferrite as a second phase in amounts controlled within specified limits. Methods are described for estimating ferrite content by chemical, magnetic and metallographic means.

Covers steel castings used for pressure purposes. Includes materials which are used for the manufacture of components subject to pressure vessel codes and for other pressure containing components not subject to codal requirements. Does not cover the welding process or the properties of the weldment in cases where castings are produced by welding together component parts.

Specifies a test method for determining the acceptance limits of surface discontinuities detected by liquid penetrant inspection, when such an inspection procedure has been contractually agreed upon at the request of the purchaser. Applies to all steel castings, whatever casting process is used.

Specifies a test method for determining the acceptance limits of surface discontinuities detected by magnetic particle inspection, when such an inspection procedure has been contractually agreed upon at the request of the purchaser. Applies to all magnetic steel castings, whatever casting process is used.

Specifies requirements for four grades of heat-treated cast carbon and alloy steels for service at ambient temperature. Where castings are produced by welding together component parts, it does not cover the welding process or the properties of the weldment. Properties at other temperatures may be agreed on through the use of the supplementary requirements in 9.4.1 or 9.4.4 of ISO 4990:1986.

Specifies requirements for eight grades (intended to be used at ambient temperature) of heat-treated steels. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1976).

Specifies the general requirements for the radiography of steel castings by means of X rays or gamma rays. Describes for instance basis of purchase, time of examination, personnel qualifications, shooting sketches, refection/acceptance criteria, foundry responsibility and records.

Includes the requirements for the selection and preparation of samples and test pieces. When material or product standards differ from this general delivery specification, the material or product standards apply. This standard also specifies a group of supplementary requirements which may be applied to steel castings when additional testing or inspection is desired.