SIST EN 60076-1:2012
Power transformers - Part 1: General
Power transformers - Part 1: General
This part of IEC 60076 applies to three-phase and single-phase power transformers (including auto-transformers) with the exception of certain categories of small and special transformers such as:
– single-phase transformers with rated power less than 1 kVA and three-phase transformers
less than 5 kVA;
– transformers, which have no windings with rated voltage higher than 1 000 V;
– instrument transformers;
– traction transformers mounted on rolling stock;
– starting transformers;
– testing transformers;
– welding transformers;
– explosion-proof and mining transformers;
– transformers for deep water (submerged) applications.
When IEC standards do not exist for such categories of transformers (in particular transformer
having no winding exceeding 1000 V for industrial applications), this part of IEC 60076 may
still be applicable either as a whole or in part.
This standard does not address the requirements that would make a transformer suitable for
mounting in a position accessible to the general public.
For those categories of power transformers and reactors which have their own IEC standards,
this part is applicable only to the extent in which it is specifically called up by cross-reference
in the other standard. Such standards exist for:
– reactors in general (IEC 60076-6);
– dry-type transformers (IEC 60076-11);
– self-protected transformers (IEC 60076-13);
– gas-filled power transformers (IEC 60076-15);
– transformers for wind turbine applications (IEC 60076-16);
– traction transformers and traction reactors (IEC 60310);
– converter transformers for industrial applications (IEC 61378-1);
– converter transformers for HVDC applications (IEC 61378-2).
At several places in this part it is specified or recommended that an 'agreement' should be
reached concerning alternative or additional technical solutions or procedures. Such
agreement is made between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The matters should
preferably be raised at an early stage and the agreements included in the contract specification.
Leistungstransformatoren - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 1: Généralités
La CEI 60076-1:2011 s'applique aux transformateurs triphasés et monophasés (y compris les autotransformateurs), à l'exception de certaines catégories de petits transformateurs et de transformateurs spéciaux. Pour les catégories de transformateurs de puissance et de bobines d'inductance qui disposent de leur propre norme CEI, la présente partie est applicable uniquement dans la mesure où il y est fait explicitement référence dans l'autre norme. Cette nouvelle édition contient les ajouts techniques significatifs suivants par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- définition du contenu harmonique;
- paragraphe relatif au transport;
- méthode fonctionnelle de spécification;
- symboles de connexion pour les transformateurs monophasés;
- exigences de sécurité et d'environnement;
- exigences pour les systèmes de conservation du liquide;
- article relatif aux courants continus;
- essais de tenue au vide, à la pression et d'étanchéité des cuves;
- prédispositions à l'installation de système de surveillance d'état en continu et de considérations d'environnement et de sécurité.
Močnostni transformatorji - 1. del: Splošno
Ta del IEC 60076 velja za trifazne in enofazne elektroenergetske transformatorje (vključno z avtotransformatorji), razen nekaterih kategorij majhnih in posebnih transformatorjev, kot so:
– enofazni transformatorji z nazivno močjo pod 1 kVA in trifazni transformatorji pod 5 kVA;
– transformatorji brez navitij z nazivno napetostjo nad 1000 V;
– merilni transformatorji;
– vlečni transformatorji, nameščeni na železniških vozilih;
– zagonski transformatorji;
– preskusni transformatorji;
– varilni transformatorji;
– transformatorji, odporni proti eksplozijam, in rudarski transformatorji;
– transformatorji za uporabo v globoki vodi (potopljeni).
Če za te kategorije transformatorjev (predvsem za transformatorje brez navitij, ki presegajo 1000 V, za industrijsko uporabo) standardi IEC ne obstajajo, se v celoti ali delno še vedno lahko uporabi ta del IEC 60076.
Ta standard ne obravnava zahtev, s katerimi bi transformator postal primeren za namestitev na položaj, dosegljiv splošni javnosti.
Za kategorije elektroenergetskih transformatorjev in reaktorjev, ki imajo lastne standarde IEC, ta del velja samo do obsega, ki je konkretno naveden z navzkrižnim sklicevanjem v drugem standardu. Taki standardi obstajajo za:
– reaktorje na splošno (IEC 60076-6);
– suhe transformatorje (IEC 60076-11);
– samozaščitne transformatorje (IEC 60076-13);
– s plinom napolnjene elektroenergetske transformatorje (IEC 60076-15);
– transformatorje za uporabo pri vetrnih turbinah (IEC 60076-16);
– vlečne transformatorje in vlečne reaktorje (IEC 60310);
– konvertorske transformatorje za industrijsko uporabo (IEC 61378-1);
– konvertorske transformatorje za visokonapetostno (HVDC) enosmerno uporabo (IEC 61378-2).
Na več mestih v tem delu je določeno ali priporočeno, da je treba doseči »dogovor« o alternativnih ali dodatnih tehničnih rešitvah ali postopkih. Tak dogovor se sklene med proizvajalcem in kupcem. Najbolje je, da se o teh zadevah dogovori v zgodnji fazi in se dogovor vključi v pogodbeno specifikacijo.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 60076-1:2012
01-januar-2012
0RþQRVWQLWUDQVIRUPDWRUMLGHO 6SORãQR
Power transformers - Part 1: General
Leistungstransformatoren - Teil 1: Allgemeines
Transformateurs de puissance - Partie 1: Généralités
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 60076-1:2011
ICS:
29.180 Transformatorji. Dušilke Transformers. Reactors
SIST EN 60076-1:2012 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 60076-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2011
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.180 Supersedes EN 60076-1:1997 + A1:2000 + A12:2002
English version
Power transformers -
Part 1: General
(IEC 60076-1:2011)
Transformateurs de puissance - Leistungstransformatoren -
Partie 1: Généralités Teil 1: Allgemeines
(CEI 60076-1:2011) (IEC 60076-1:2011)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2011-05-25. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2011 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 60076-1:2011 E
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
EN 60076-1:2011 - 2 -
Foreword
The text of document 14/675/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60076-1, prepared by IEC TC 14, Power
transformers, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 60076-1 on 2011-05-25.
This European Standard supersedes EN 60076-1:1997 + A1:2000 + A12:2002.
EN 60076-1:2011 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 60076-1:1997:
– addition of a definition of harmonic content;
– addition of a subclause on transport;
– addition of functional method of specification;
– addition of connection symbols for single phase transformers;
– addition of safety and environmental requirements;
– addition of requirements for liquid preservation systems;
– addition of a clause on DC currents;
– addition of vacuum, pressure and leak tests on tanks;
– the requirements formerly in Annex A are now incorporated in the text and Annex A is now an
informative checklist;
– informative annexes have been added on facilities for condition monitoring and environmental and
safety considerations.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2012-05-04
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2014-05-25
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60076-1:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
- 3 - EN 60076-1:2011
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60060 series NOTE Harmonized in EN 60060 series (not modified).
IEC 60068-3-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-3-3.
IEC 60076-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-4.
IEC 60076-6 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-6.
IEC 60076-13 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-13.
IEC 60270 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60270.
IEC 60310 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60310.
IEC 60529:1989 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60529:1991 (not modified).
IEC 61378 series NOTE Harmonized in EN 61378 series (not modified).
IEC 61378-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61378-1.
IEC 61378-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61378-2.
__________
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
EN 60076-1:2011 - 4 -
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60076-2 - Power transformers - EN 60076-2 -
Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed
transformers
IEC 60076-3 2000 Power transformers - EN 60076-3 2001
Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and
external clearances in air
IEC 60076-5 2006 Power transformers - EN 60076-5 2006
Part 5: Ability to withstand short circuit
IEC 60076-10 2001 Power transformers - EN 60076-10 2001
Part 10: Determination of sound levels
IEC 60076-11 2004 Power transformers - EN 60076-11 2004
Part 11: Dry-type transformers
IEC 60137 2008 Insulated bushings for alternating voltages EN 60137 2008
above 1 000 V
IEC 60214-1 2003 Tap-changers - EN 60214-1 2003
Part 1: Performance requirements and test
methods
IEC 60296 2003 Fluids for electrotechnical applications - EN 60296 2004
Unused mineral insulating oils for + corr. September 2004
transformers and switchgear
IEC 60721-3-4 1995 Classification of environmental conditions - EN 60721-3-4 1995
Part 3: Classification of groups of
environmental parameters
and their severities -
Section 4: Stationary use at non-
weatherprotected locations
ISO 9001 2008 Quality management systems - EN ISO 9001 2008
Requirements
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
IEC 60076-1
®
Edition 3.0 2011-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Power transformers –
Part 1: General
Transformateurs de puissance –
Partie 1: Généralités
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XB
ICS 29.180 ISBN 978-2-88912-438-1
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
– 2 – 60076-1 IEC:2011
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
3.1 General . 8
3.2 Terminals and neutral point . 9
3.3 Windings . 10
3.4 Rating . 11
3.5 Tappings . 13
3.6 Losses and no-load current . 15
3.7 Short-circuit impedance and voltage drop . 16
3.8 Temperature rise . 17
3.9 Insulation . 17
3.10 Connections . 17
3.11 Test classification . 18
3.12 Meteorological data with respect to cooling . 19
3.13 Other definitions . 19
4 Service conditions . 20
4.1 General . 20
4.2 Normal service conditions . 20
5 Rating and general requirements . 22
5.1 Rated power . 22
5.1.1 General . 22
5.1.2 Preferred values of rated power . 22
5.1.3 Minimum power under alternative cooling modes . 22
5.1.4 Loading beyond rated power . 23
5.2 Cooling mode . 23
5.3 Load rejection on transformers directly connected to a generator . 23
5.4 Rated voltage and rated frequency . 23
5.4.1 Rated voltage . 23
5.4.2 Rated frequency . 23
5.4.3 Operation at higher than rated voltage and/or at other than rated
frequency . 24
5.5 Provision for unusual service conditions . 24
5.6 Highest voltage for equipment U and dielectric tests levels . 25
m
5.7 Additional information required for enquiry . 25
5.7.1 Transformer classification . 25
5.7.2 Winding connection and number of phases . 25
5.7.3 Sound level . 26
5.7.4 Transport . 26
5.8 Components and materials . 26
6 Requirements for transformers having a tapped winding . 27
6.1 General – Notation of tapping range . 27
6.2 Tapping voltage – tapping current. Standard categories of tapping voltage
variation. Maximum voltage tapping. 27
6.3 Tapping power. Full-power tappings – reduced-power tappings . 30
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
60076-1 IEC:2011 – 3 –
6.4 Specification of tappings in enquiry and order . 31
6.4.1 General . 31
6.4.2 Constructional specification . 31
6.4.3 Functional specification . 32
6.5 Specification of short-circuit impedance . 32
6.6 Load loss and temperature rise . 33
7 Connection phase displacement symbols . 34
7.1 Connection and phase displacement symbols for three-phase transformers
and for single phase transformers connected in a three phase bank . 34
7.1.1 Connection symbol . 34
7.1.2 Phase displacement in clock number notation. 34
7.1.3 Windings not intended to be loaded . 35
7.1.4 Reconnectable windings . 35
7.1.5 Examples . 35
7.2 Connection and phase displacement symbols for single phase transformers
not in three phase bank . 37
7.2.1 Connection symbol . 37
7.2.2 Phase displacement in clock number notation. 38
7.2.3 Windings not intended to be loaded . 38
7.2.4 Reconnectable windings . 38
8 Rating plates . 39
8.1 General . 39
8.2 Information to be given in all cases . 39
8.3 Additional information to be given when applicable . 40
9 Safety, environmental and other requirements . 41
9.1 Safety and environmental requirements . 41
9.1.1 Liquid leaks . 41
9.1.2 Safety considerations . 41
9.2 Dimensioning of neutral connection . 42
9.3 Liquid preservation system . 42
9.4 DC currents in neutral circuits . 43
9.5 Centre of gravity marking . 43
10 Tolerances . 43
11 Tests . 44
11.1 General requirements for routine, type and special tests . 44
11.1.1 General . 44
11.1.2 Routine tests . 46
11.1.3 Type tests . 46
11.1.4 Special tests . 47
11.2 Measurement of winding resistance . 47
11.2.1 General . 47
11.2.2 Dry-type transformers . 47
11.2.3 Liquid-immersed type transformers . 48
11.3 Measurement of voltage ratio and check of phase displacement . 48
11.4 Measurement of short-circuit impedance and load loss . 48
11.5 Measurement of no-load loss and current . 49
11.6 Measurement of zero-sequence impedance(s) on three-phase transformers . 50
11.7 Tests on on-load tap-changers ─ Operation test . 51
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
– 4 – 60076-1 IEC:2011
11.8 Leak testing with pressure for liquid immersed transformers (tightness test) . 51
11.9 Vacuum deflection test for liquid immersed transformers . 51
11.10 Pressure deflection test for liquid immersed transformers . 52
11.11 Vacuum tightness test on site for liquid immersed transformers . 53
11.12 Check of core and frame insulation . 53
12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 53
13 High frequency switching transients . 54
Annex A (informative) Check list of information to be provided with enquiry and order . 55
Annex B (informative) Examples of specifications for transformers with tappings . 59
Annex C (informative) Specification of short-circuit impedance by boundaries . 63
Annex D (informative) Examples of three-phase transformer connections . 64
Annex E (normative) Temperature correction of load loss . 67
Annex F (informative) Facilities for future fitting of condition monitoring systems to
transformers . 68
Annex G (informative) Environmental and safety considerations . 69
Bibliography . 70
Figure 1 – Different types of voltage variation . 30
Figure 2 – Illustration of 'clock number' notation . 35
Figure 3 – Illustration of 'clock number' notation for transformers with open windings . 37
Figure 4 – Illustration of 'clock number' notation . 39
Figure C.1 – Example of specification of short-circuit impedance by boundaries . 63
Figure D.1 – Common connections . 64
Figure D.2 – Additional connections . 65
Figure D.3 – Designation of connections of three-phase auto-transformers by
connection symbols (auto-transformer Ya0) . 66
Figure D.4 – Example of three single-phase transformers connected to form a three-
phase bank (connection symbol Yd5) . 66
Table 1 – Tolerances . 44
Table B.1 – Example of combined voltage variation . 60
Table B.2 – Example of functional specification with HV voltage variation . 61
Table B.3 – Example of functional specification with LV voltage variation . 62
Table F.1 – Facilities for condition monitoring . 68
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
60076-1 IEC:2011 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
___________
POWER TRANSFORMERS –
Part 1: General
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60076-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power
transformers.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1993, and its
Amendment 1(1999). It is a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
– addition of a definition of harmonic content;
– addition of a subclause on transport;
– addition of functional method of specification;
– addition of connection symbols for single phase transformers;
– addition of safety and environmental requirements;
– addition of requirements for liquid preservation systems;
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
– 6 – 60076-1 IEC:2011
– addition of a clause on DC currents;
– addition of vacuum, pressure and leak tests on tanks;
– the requirements formerly in Annex A are now incorporated in the text and Annex A is
now an informative checklist;
– informative annexes have been added on facilities for condition monitoring and
environmental and safety considerations.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
14/675/FDIS 14/682/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60076 series can be found, under the general title Power
transformers, on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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SIST EN 60076-1:2012
60076-1 IEC:2011 – 7 –
POWER TRANSFORMERS –
Part 1: General
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60076 applies to three-phase and single-phase power transformers (including
auto-transformers) with the exception of certain categories of small and special transformers
such as:
– single-phase transformers with rated power less than 1 kVA and three-phase transformers
less than 5 kVA;
– transformers, which have no windings with rated voltage higher than 1 000 V;
– instrument transformers;
– traction transformers mounted on rolling stock;
– starting transformers;
– testing transformers;
– welding transformers;
– explosion-proof and mining transformers;
– transformers for deep water (submerged) applications.
When IEC standards do not exist for such categories of transformers (in particular transformer
having no winding exceeding 1000 V for industrial applications), this part of IEC 60076 may
still be applicable either as a whole or in part.
This standard does not address the requirements that would make a transformer suitable for
mounting in a position accessible to the general public.
For those categories of power transformers and reactors which have their own IEC standards,
this part is applicable only to the extent in which it is specifically called up by cross-reference
in the other standard. Such standards exist for:
– reactors in general (IEC 60076-6);
– dry-type transformers (IEC 60076-11);
– self-protected transformers (IEC 60076-13);
– gas-filled power transformers (IEC 60076-15);
– transformers for wind turbine applications (IEC 60076-16);
– traction transformers and traction reactors (IEC 60310);
– converter transformers for industrial applications (IEC 61378-1);
– converter transformers for HVDC applications (IEC 61378-2).
At several places in this part it is specified or recommended that an 'agreement' should be
reached concerning alternative or additional technical solutions or procedures. Such
agreement is made between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The matters should
preferably be raised at an early stage and the agreements included in the contrac
...
ba
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 60076-1
STANDARD januar 2012
Močnostni transformatorji – 1. del: Splošno
Power transformers – Part 1: General
Leistungstransformatoren – Teil 1: Allgemeines
Transformateurs de puissance – Partie 1: Généralités
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 29.180 SIST EN 60076-1:2012 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II in III ter od 1 do 72
© 2020-12: Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN 60076-1 (sl), Močnostni transformatorji – 1. del: Splošno, 2012, ima status
slovenskega standarda in je istoveten evropskemu standardu EN 60076-1 (en), Power transformers –
Part 1: General, 2011.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN 60076-1:2011 je pripravil tehnični odbor Evropske organizacije za standardizacijo
na področju elektrotehnike CENELEC CLC/TC 14, Power transformers. Evropski standard je istoveten
mednarodnemu standardu IEC 60076-1:2011, ki ga je pripravil tehnični odbor Mednarodne organizacije
za standardizacijo na področju elektrotehnike IEC IEC/TC 14, Power transformers.
Slovenski standard SIST EN 60076-1:2012 je prevod evropskega standarda EN 60076-1:2011. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski
standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC ETR,
Energetski transformatorji.
Odločitev za privzem tega standarda po metodi ponatisa je v januarju 2012 sprejel tehnični odbor
SIST/TC ETR. Novembra 2018 je odbor sklenil, da se pripravi prevod standarda.
ZVEZE S STANDARDI
SIST EN 60076-2 Močnostni transformatorji – 2. del: Segretek transformatorjev,
potopljenih v tekočino
SIST EN 60076-3:2002 Močnostni transformatorji – 3. del: Izolacijski nivoji, dielektrični preskusi
in zunanje zračne razdalje
SIST EN 60076-5:2006 Močnostni transformatorji – 5. del: Kratkostična zmogljivost
(IEC 60076-5:2006)
SIST EN 60076-10:2002 Močnostni transformatorji – 10. del: Ugotavljanje ravni zvoka
SIST EN 60076-11:2005 Močnostni transformatorji – 11. del: Suhi transformatorji
(IEC 60076-11:2004)
SIST EN 60137:2008 Izolirani skoznjiki za izmenične napetosti nad 1000 V (IEC 60137:2008)
SIST EN 60214-1:2004 Odcepni preklopniki – 1. del: Tehnične zahteve in preskusne metode
SIST EN 60296:2005 Tekočine za elektrotehniko – Nerabljena mineralna izolacijska olja za
transformatorje in omrežne stikalne naprave (IEC 60296:2003)
SIST EN 60721-3-4:2001 Klasifikacija okoljskih pogojev – 3. del: Klasifikacija skupin okoljskih
parametrov in njihove resnosti – Poglavje 4: Stacionarna uporaba na
lokacijah, ki niso zaščitene pred vremenskimi vplivi
SIST EN ISO 9001:2008 Sistemi vodenja kakovosti – Zahteve (ISO 9001:2008)
OSNOVA ZA IZDAJO STANDARDA
– privzem standarda EN 60076-1:2011
PREDHODNA IZDAJA
– SIST EN 60076-1:1997
II
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v SIST EN 60076-1:2012
to pomeni “slovenski standard”.
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je istoveten EN 60076-1:2011 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
Upravni center
CEN/CENELEC
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Bruselj
This national document is identical with EN 60076-1:2011 and is published with the permission of
CEN/CENELEC
Management Centre
Avenue Marnix 17
B-1000 Brussels
III
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
IV
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EVROPSKI STANDARD EN 60076-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
november 2011
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.180 Nadomešča EN 60076-1:1997 + A1:2000 + A12:2002
Slovenska izdaja
Močnostni transformatorji – 1. del: Splošno
(IEC 60076-1:2011)
Power transformers – Transformateurs de puissance – Leistungstransformatoren –
Part 1: General Partie 1: Généralités Teil 1: Allgemeines
(IEC 60076-1:2011) (CEI 60076-1:2011) (IEC 60076-1:2011)
Ta evropski standard je CENELEC sprejel 25. maja 2011. Člani CENELEC morajo izpolnjevati
predpise CEN/CENELEC, ki določajo pogoje, pod katerimi dobi ta evropski standard status
nacionalnega standarda brez kakršnihkoli sprememb.
Najnovejši seznami teh nacionalnih standardov in njihovi bibliografski podatki se na zahtevo lahko
dobijo pri Upravnem centru CEN/CENELEC ali kateremkoli članu CENELEC.
Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CENELEC na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter prijavijo pri Upravnem
centru CEN/CENELEC, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
Člani CENELEC so nacionalni elektrotehniški komiteji Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke
republike, Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Hrvaške, Islandije, Irske, Italije, Latvije, Litve,
Luksemburga, Madžarske, Malte, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije,
Slovaške, Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
CENELEC
Evropski komite za standardizacijo v elektrotehniki
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité
Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Upravni center: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2011 CENELEC Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CENELEC. Ref. oznaka EN 60076-1:2011E
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
Predgovor k evropskemu standardu
Besedilo dokumenta 14/675/FDIS, prihodnje 2. izdaje IEC 60076-1, ki ga je pripravil tehnični odbor
IEC/TC 14, Močnostni transformatorji, je bilo predloženo IEC-CENELEC v vzporedno glasovanje in ga
je CENELEC 25. maja 2011 odobril kot EN 60076-1.
Ta evropski standard nadomešča EN 60076-1:1997 + A1:2000 + A12:2002.
V primerjavi z EN 60076-1:1997 standard EN 60076-1:2011 vsebuje naslednje pomembne tehnične
spremembe:
– dodana je definicija o vsebnosti harmonikov;
– dodana je točka o transportu;
– dodana je funkcionalna specifikacija;
– dodane so oznake vezave za enofazne transformatorje;
– dodane so varnostne in okoljske zahteve;
– dodane so zahteve za sisteme za ohranjanje tekočin;
– dodana je točka o enosmernih tokih;
– dodani so vakuumski in tlačni preskusi ter preskusi tesnjenja na kotlu;
– zahteve iz dodatka A so sedaj vključene v besedilo; dodatek A je sedaj informativni kontrolni
seznam;
– informativni dodatki so dodani za opremo za nadzor stanja ter za obravnavanje okoljskih in
varnostnih vidikov.
Opozoriti je treba na možnost, da je lahko kateri od elementov tega mednarodnega standarda predmet
patentnih pravic. CEN in CENELEC nista odgovorna za identifikacijo nobene od teh patentnih pravic.
Določena sta bila naslednja datuma:
– zadnji datum, do katerega mora EN dobiti status
nacionalnega standarda, bodisi z objavo
istovetnega besedila ali z razglasitvijo (dop) 4. maj 2012
– zadnji datum, do katerega je treba razveljaviti
nacionalne standarde, ki so v nasprotju z EN (dow) 25. maj 2014
Dodatek ZA je dodal CENELEC.
Razglasitvena objava
Besedilo mednarodnega standarda IEC 60076-1:2011 je CENELEC odobril kot evropski standard brez
kakršnihkoli sprememb.
V uradni izdaji je treba v poglavju "Literatura" za navedene standarde dodati naslednje opombe:
IEC 60060 (skupina) OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot skupina EN 60060 (brez sprememb).
IEC 60068-3-3 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 60068-3-3.
IEC 60076-4 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 60076-4.
IEC 60076-6 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 60076-6.
IEC 60076-13 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 60076-13.
2
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
IEC 60270 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 60270.
IEC 60310 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 60310.
IEC 60529:1989 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 60529:1991 (brez sprememb).
IEC 61378 (skupina) OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot skupina EN 61378 (brez sprememb).
IEC 61378-1 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 61378-1.
IEC 61378-2 OPOMBA: Harmoniziran kot EN 61378-2.
3
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
Dodatek ZA
(normativni)
Normativna sklicevanja na mednarodne publikacije z njihovimi ustreznimi
evropskimi publikacijami
Za uporabo tega standarda so nujno potrebni spodaj navedeni dokumenti. Pri datiranih sklicevanjih se
uporablja samo navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih sklicevanjih se uporablja najnovejša izdaja
navedenega dokumenta (vključno z vsemi dopolnili).
OPOMBA: Kadar je bila mednarodna publikacija spremenjena s skupnimi spremembami, označenimi z (mod), se uporablja
ustrezni EN/HD.
Publikacija Leto Naslov EN/HD Leto
IEC 60076-2 – Močnostni transformatorji – EN 60076-2 –
2. del: Segretek transformatorjev,
potopljenih v tekočino
IEC 60076-3 2000 Močnostni transformatorji – EN 60076-3 2001
3. del: Izolacijski nivoji, dielektrični
preskusi in zunanje zračne razdalje
IEC 60076-5 2006 Močnostni transformatorji – EN 60076-5 2006
5. del: Kratkostična zmogljivost
IEC 60076-10 2001 Močnostni transformatorji – EN 60076-10 2001
10. del: Ugotavljanje ravni zvoka
IEC 60076-11 2004 Močnostni transformatorji – EN 60076-11 2004
11. del: Suhi transformatorji
IEC 60137 2008 Izolirani skoznjiki za izmenične EN 60137 2008
napetosti nad 1000 V
IEC 60214-1 2003 Odcepni preklopniki – EN 60214-1 2003
1. del: Tehnične zahteve in
preskusne metode
IEC 60296 2003 Tekočine za elektrotehniko – EN 60296 2004
Nerabljena mineralna izolacijska olja + kor. september 2004
za transformatorje in omrežne
stikalne naprave
IEC 60721-3-4 1995 Klasifikacija okoljskih pogojev – EN 60721-3-4 1995
3. del: Klasifikacija skupin okoljskih
parametrov in njihove resnosti –
Poglavje 4: Stacionarna uporaba na
lokacijah, ki niso zaščitene pred
vremenskimi vplivi
ISO 9001 2008 Sistemi vodenja kakovosti – Zahteve EN ISO 9001 2008
4
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
VSEBINA Stran
Predgovor k evropskemu standardu . 2
Dodatek ZA . 4
Predgovor . 9
1 Področje uporabe . 11
2 Zveze s standardi . 11
3 Izrazi in definicije . 12
3.1 Splošno . 12
3.2 Priključki in nevtralna točka . 13
3.3 Navitja . 14
3.4 Naznačeni podatki . 15
3.5 Odcepi . 17
3.6 Izgube in tok prostega teka . 19
3.7 Kratkostična impedanca in padec napetosti . 19
3.8 Segretek . 20
3.9 Izolacija . 20
3.10 Vezave . 21
3.11 Razvrstitev preskusov . 22
3.12 Meteorološki podatki v zvezi s hlajenjem . 22
3.13 Druge definicije . 22
4 Obratovalni pogoji . 23
4.1 Splošno . 23
4.2 Normalni obratovalni pogoji . 23
5 Naznačeni podatki in splošne zahteve . 25
5.1 Naznačena moč . 25
5.1.1 Splošno . 25
5.1.2 Priporočene vrednosti naznačene moči . 26
5.1.3 Najmanjša moč pri alternativnih načinih hlajenja . 26
5.1.4 Obremenjevanje nad naznačeno močjo . 26
5.2 Način hlajenja . 26
5.3 Izpad bremena na generatorskih transformatorjih . 26
5.4 Naznačena napetost in naznačena frekvenca . 27
5.4.1 Naznačena napetost . 27
5.4.2 Naznačena frekvenca . 27
5.4.3 Obratovanje pri napetosti, višji od naznačene napetosti, in/ali frekvenci, ki ni
naznačena frekvenca . 27
5.5 Določila za neobičajne obratovalne pogoje . 27
5.6 Najvišja napetost opreme Um in stopnje dielektričnih preskusov . 28
5.7 Dodatne informacije, potrebne za povpraševanje . 28
5.7.1 Razvrščanje transformatorjev . 28
5
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
5.7.2 Vezava navitij in število faz . 28
5.7.3 Raven zvoka . 29
5.7.4 Prevoz . 29
5.8 Sestavni deli in materiali . 30
6 Zahteve za transformatorje z odcepnim navitjem . 30
6.1 Splošno – Zapis odcepnega območja . 30
6.2 Odcepna napetost – Odcepni tok. Standardne skupine spreminjanja odcepne napetosti.
Odcep najvišje napetosti . 30
6.3 Odcepna moč. Odcepi polne moči – Odcepi zmanjšane moči . 33
6.4 Specifikacija odcepov v povpraševanju in naročilu . 34
6.4.1 Splošno . 34
6.4.2 Konstrukcijska specifikacija . 34
6.4.3 Funkcionalna specifikacija . 34
6.5 Specifikacija kratkostične impedance . 35
6.6 Kratkostične izgube in segretek . 36
7 Oznake vezav in faznega premika . 36
7.1 Oznake vezav in faznega premika trifaznih transformatorjev in enofaznih transformatorjev
v trifazni skupini . 36
7.1.1 Oznaka vezave . 36
7.1.2 Zapis faznega premika s fazno številko . 37
7.1.3 Navitja, ki niso namenjena obremenjevanju . 37
7.1.4 Prevezljiva navitja . 37
7.1.5 Primeri . 37
7.2 Oznake vezav in faznega premika enofaznih transformatorjev, ki niso v trifazni skupini . 40
7.2.1 Oznaka vezave . 40
7.2.2 Zapis faznega premika s fazno številko . 40
7.2.3 Navitja, ki niso namenjena obremenjevanju . 40
7.2.4 Prevezljiva navitja . 40
8 Napisna ploščica . 41
8.1 Splošno . 41
8.2 Podatki, ki morajo biti vedno navedeni . 41
8.3 Dodatni podatki, ki se navedejo po potrebi . 42
9 Varnostne, okoljske in druge zahteve . 43
9.1 Varnostne in okoljske zahteve . 43
9.1.1 Puščanje tekočin . 43
9.1.2 Varnostni vidiki . 44
9.2 Dimenzioniranje nevtralnega priključka . 44
9.3 Sistem za ohranjanje tekočin . 44
9.4 Enosmerni tokovi v nevtralnih tokokrogih . 45
9.5 Označevanje težišča . 45
10 Tolerance . 45
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
11 Preskusi . 47
11.1 Splošne zahteve za kosovne preskuse, preskuse tipa in posebne preskuse . 47
11.1.1 Splošno . 47
11.1.2 Kosovni preskusi . 48
11.1.3 Preskusi tipa . 49
11.1.4 Posebni preskusi . 49
11.2 Meritev upornosti navitij . 50
11.2.1 Splošno . 50
11.2.2 Suhi transformatorji . 50
11.2.3 Tekočinski transformatorji . 50
11.3 Meritev napetostnega prestavnega razmerja in preverjanje faznega premika . 50
11.4 Meritev kratkostične impedance in kratkostičnih izgub . 50
11.5 Meritev izgub in toka prostega teka . 51
11.6 Meritev ničelne(-ih) impedance(-) trifaznih transformatorjev . 52
11.7 Preskusi bremenskih odcepnih preklopnikov – Obratovalni preskus . 53
11.8 Tlačni preskus puščanja tekočinskih transformatorjev (preskus tesnosti) . 53
11.9 Vakuumski deformacijski preskus tekočinskih transformatorjev . 53
11.10 Tlačni deformacijski preskus tekočinskih transformatorjev . 54
11.11 Vakuumski preskus tesnosti tekočinskih transformatorjev na kraju samem . 55
11.12 Preverjanje izolacije jedra in zateznega okvirja jedra . 55
12 Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) . 55
13 Visokofrekvenčni stikalni prehodni pojavi . 55
Dodatek A (informativni): Kontrolni seznam informacij, ki jih je treba zagotoviti v
povpraševanju in naročilu . 56
Dodatek B (informativni): Primeri specifikacij za transformatorje z odcepi . 60
Dodatek C (informativni): Določanje kratkostične impedance z mejnimi vrednostmi . 64
Dodatek D (informativni): Primeri vezav trifaznih transformatorjev . 65
Dodatek E (informativni): Temperaturna korekcija kratkostičnih izgub . 68
Dodatek F (informativni): Oprema za naknadno vgradnjo sistema za nadzor stanja
transformatorjev . 69
Dodatek G (informativni): Okoljski in varnostni vidiki . 70
Literatura . 71
Slika 1: Različni tipi spremembe napetosti . 33
Slika 2: Ponazoritev zapisa “fazne številke” . 38
Slika 3: Ponazoritev zapisa “fazne številke” transformatorjev z odprtimi navitji . 39
Slika 4: Prikaz zapisa “fazne številke” . 41
Slika C.1: Primer določanja kratkostične impedance z mejnimi vrednostmi . 64
Slika D.1: Splošne vezave . 65
Slika D.2: Dodatne vezave . 66
Slika D.3: Označevanje vezav trifaznih avtotransformatorjev z oznakami vezave
(avtotransformator Ya0) . 67
7
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
Slika D.4: Primer treh enofaznih transformatorjev, povezanih v trifazno skupino
(oznaka vezave Yd5) . 67
Preglednica 1: Tolerance . 46
Preglednica B.1: Primer kombinirane spremembe napetosti . 61
Preglednica B.2: Primer funkcionalne specifikacije pri spremembi napetosti na VN strani . 62
Preglednica B.3: Primer funkcionalne specifikacije pri spremembi napetosti na NN strani . 63
Preglednica F.1: Oprema za nadzor stanja . 69
8
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SIST EN 60076-1 : 2012
MEDNARODNA ELEKTROTEHNIŠKA KOMISIJA
MOČNOSTNI TRANSFORMATORJI –
1. del: Splošno
Predgovor
1) Mednarodna elektrotehniška komisija (IEC) je svetovna organizacija za standardizacijo, ki združuje vse
nacionalne elektrotehniške komiteje (nacionalni komiteji IEC). Cilj IEC je pospeševati mednarodno
sodelovanje v vseh vprašanjih standardizacije s področja elektrotehnike in elektronike. V ta namen poleg
drugih aktivnosti izdaja mednarodne standarde, tehnične specifikacije, tehnična poročila, javno dostopne
specifikacije (PAS) in vodila (v nadaljevanju: publikacije IEC). Za njihovo pripravo so odgovorni tehnični odbori;
vsak nacionalni komite IEC, ki ga zanima obravnavana tema, lahko sodeluje v tem pripravljalnem delu. Prav
tako lahko v pripravi sodelujejo mednarodne organizacije ter vladne in nevladne ustanove, ki so povezane z
IEC. IEC sodeluje v tesni povezavi z mednarodno organizacijo za standardizacijo ISO skladno s pogoji,
določenimi v soglasju med obema organizacijama.
2) Uradne odločitve ali sporazumi IEC o tehničnih vprašanjih, pripravljeni v tehničnih odborih, kjer so prisotni vsi
nacionalni komiteji, ki jih ta tema zanima, izražajo, kolikor je mogoče, mednarodno soglasje o o
...
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