SIST EN 15407:2011
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) content
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) content
This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents in solid recovered fuels by instrumental techniques.
This method is applicable for concentrations on dry matter basis of C over 0,1 %, N over 0,01 % and H over 0,1 %.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Kohlenstoff (C), Wasserstoff (H) und Stickstoff (N)
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff in festen Sekundärbrennstoffen mithilfe instrumenteller Technik fest.
Das Verfahren gilt für Massenanteile auf wasserfreier Bezugsbasis größer 0,1 % C, größer 0,01 % N und größer 0,1 % H.
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la teneur en carbone (C), en hydrogène (H) et en azote (N)
La présente Norme européenne décrit une méthode de détermination des teneurs totales en carbone,
hydrogène et azote de combustibles solides de récupération au moyen de techniques instrumentales.
Cette méthode est applicable à des concentrations sur la base de la matière sèche supérieures à 0,1 % de C,
à 0,01 % de N et à 0,1 % de H.
Trdna alternativna goriva - Metode za določevanje ogljika (C), vodika (H) in dušika (N)
Ta evropski standard določa metodo za določevanje celotne vsebnosti ogljika, vodika in dušika v trdnih alternativnih gorivih z instrumentalnimi tehnikami.
Ta metoda velja za koncentracije na osnovi suhe snovi C nad 0,1 %, N nad 0,01 % in H nad 0,1 %.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.1Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Kohlenstoff (C), Wasserstoff (H) und Stickstoff (N)Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la teneur en carbone (C), en hydrogène (H) et en azote (N)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) content75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15407:2011SIST EN 15407:2011en,de01-maj-2011SIST EN 15407:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15407:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15407:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15407
March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15407:2006English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and nitrogen (N) content
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes pour la détermination de la teneur en carbone (C), en hydrogène (H) et en azote (N)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Kohlenstoff (C), Wasserstoff (H) und Stickstoff (N) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15407:2011: ESIST EN 15407:2011
EN 15407:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction .41Scope .42Normative references .43Terms and definitions .44Safety remarks .45Principle .56Reagents and calibration standards .57Apparatus .58Procedure .69Expression of results .710Performance characteristics .711Test report .7Annex A (normative)
Guidelines - Characteristics of the laboratory sample for chemical analysis of SRF .9Annex B (informative)
Data on performance characteristics . 11Annex C (informative)
Major results of ruggedness testing . 13Bibliography . 14 SIST EN 15407:2011
EN 15407:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15407:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15407:2006. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This document differs from CEN/TS 15407:2006 only editorially. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15407:2011
EN 15407:2011 (E) 4 Introduction The determination of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen is usually performed using instrumental methods. The latter can be divided in two groups depending on the amount of test portion used. Micro instrumental methods require few mg of sample; macro methods use grams of sample. If micro methods are used for SRF analysis, a very homogeneous test sample needs to be prepared in order to obtain the required precision. 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents in solid recovered fuels by instrumental techniques. This method is applicable for concentrations on dry matter basis of C over 0,1 %, N over 0,01 % and H over 0,1 %. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 154131), Solid recovered fuels — Methods for the preparation of the test sample from the laboratory sample EN 15414-3, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method — Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 apply. 4 Safety remarks The safety in handling of potentially hazardous materials is dealt with relevant national and European regulations, which every laboratory should refer to. In addition the following information is given: only experienced personnel, following the safety instructions of the manufacturer, shall use instruments for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen determination.
1) To be published. SIST EN 15407:2011
EN 15407:2011 (E) 5 5 Principle The method is based on the complete oxidation of the sample ("flash combustion" instruments can also be used) which converts all organic substances into combustion products. The resulting combustion gases pass through a reduction furnace and are swept into the chromatographic column by the carrier gas (helium) where they are separated and detected quantitatively by appropriate instrumental gas analysis procedures (for example by a thermal conductivity detector (TCD)). The samples are held in a suitable container (tin or other crucible) and then dropped inside the quartz tube furnace at about 1 000 °C in an oxygen stream for complete oxidation in the presence of a catalyst layer. Excess oxygen is removed by contact with copper, while nitrogen oxides are reduced to elemental nitrogen. 6 Reagents and calibration standards All reagents shall be at least of analytical grade and suitable for their specific purposes. 6.1
Carrier gas: Helium, 99,99 % or other gases as specified by the instrument manufacturer. 6.2
Oxygen, free of combustion material, purity 99,95 %, or as specified by the instrument manufacturer. 6.3
Additional reagents: as specified by the instrument manufacturer. 6.4
Calibration standards Examples are given in Table 1. Table 1 — Calibration standards Name Formula C % H % N % Acetanilide C8H9NO 71,1 6,7 10,4 Atropine C17H23NO3 70,6 8,0 4,8 Benzoic acid C7H6O2 68,8 5,0 0,0 Cystine C6H12N2O4S2 30,0 5,0 11,7 Diphenylamine C12H11N 85,2 6,5 8,3 EDTA C10H16N2O8 41,1 5,5 9,6 Phenylalanine C9H11NO2 65,4 6,7 8,5 Sulfanil amide C6H8N2O2S 41,8 4,7 16,3 Sulfanilic acid C6H7NO3S 41,6 4,1 8,1 TRIS C4H11NO3 39,7 9,1 11,6 7 Apparatus Various instrumental configurations are available. The general requirements for a suitable apparatus are: a) the combustion conditions shall be such that all carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are converted to carbon dioxide, water vapour and nitrogen oxide or elemental nitrogen; b) a separation step is included to reduce or eliminate any possible interference during the subsequent determination; SIST EN 15407:2011
EN 15407:2011 (E) 6 c) nitrogen shall be reduced to the elemental form before the detection; d) analytical balance, resolution of at least 1 part per thousand of the weighted amount. 8 Procedure 8.1 Sample conservation and pre-treatment The laboratory samples shall be stored according to guidelines defined in Annex A. 8.2 Sample preparation The test portion shall be prepared from the laboratory sample according to EN 15413. The amount of test portion depends on the particular instrument used. The particle size of the test sample should be related to the amount of sample to be used, according to EN 15413. For some types of instruments it is necessary to carry out the determination of hydrogen on dried analysis samples. For some other types of instruments it is necessary to carry out the determination of carbon on analysis samples that are not completely dried. Working with samples that has been dried at 105 °C and then equilibrated with the moisture in the air on the lab where the CHN analysis are handled, is a good compromise for the C and H moisture artefact, bu
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