oSIST prEN 62146-1:2005

Grading capacitors for high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers

Project stopped because deleted at IEC level (lack of experts)

Zaščitni kondenzatorji za visokonapetostne izmenične odklopnike

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 31.060.70 - Power capacitors
• Technical Committee: SS EIT - Technical Board for the electrotechnical, information technology and telecommunications fields
• Current Stage: 4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Due Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Completion Date: 01-Jul-2005
• Ref Project: prEN 62146-1 - Grading capacitors for high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI oSIST prEN 62146-1:2005

PREDSTANDARD
julij 2005
Zaščitni kondenzatorji za visokonapetostne izmenične odklopnike
Grading capacitors for high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers
ICS 31.060.70 Referenčna številka
oSIST prEN 62146-1:2005(en)
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

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33/413/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJET DE COMITÉ POUR VOTE (CDV)
Project number IEC 62146-1 Ed. 1.0
Numéro de projet

IEC/TC or SC: Date of circulation Closing date for voting (Voting
TC 33
Date de diffusion mandatory for P-members)
CEI/CE ou SC:

Date de clôture du vote (Vote
2005-05-13
obligatoire pour les membres (P))
2005-10-14
Titre du CE/SC:    TC/SC Title: Power capacitors
Secretary: Giancarlo Testi, Assistant Secretary TC 33
Secrétaire:
Also of interest to the following committees Supersedes document
Intéresse également les comités suivants : SC 17A Remplace le document : 33/412/NP
Functions concerned
Fonctions concernées
Safety EMC Environment Quality assurance
Sécurité
CEM Environnement Assurance qualité
CE DOCUMENT EST TOUJOURS À L'ÉTUDE ET SUSCEPTIBLE DE THIS DOCUMENT IS STILL UNDER STUDY AND SUBJECT TO CHANGE. IT
MODIFICATION. IL NE PEUT SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE. SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES.
LES RÉCIPIENDAIRES DU PRÉSENT DOCUMENT SONT INVITÉS À RECIPIENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR
PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS, LA NOTIFICATION DES COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF
DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORTING
CONNAISSANCE ET À FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE. DOCUMENTATION.
Titre :    Title : IEC 62146-1 Ed. 1.0:  Grading capacitors
for high-voltage alternating current circuit-

breakers

Note d'introduction- Introductory note:
This project was studied by the JWG (TC 33/JWG TC
La version française sera diffuse ultérieurement
33-SC 17A) which prepared the first CD that was

discussed during the TC 33 meeting held in Florence
in October 2001. A second CD was discussed in
Montreal in October 2003. A third CD was prepared,
but having the relevant project more than five years,
the SMB (SMB/2946/INF, 2004-12-06) decided to put
the project to the preliminary stage.
The text of the attached NP/CDV document is
integrated taking into consideration the NC comments
on the last third CD 33/408/CD according to the
procedures. It is therefore decided to apply the
procedure given in AC/8/2003 for the simultaneous
submission of NPs and CDVs. If this NP is not
approved the RVN will immediately be issued and the
CDV ballot will be cancelled. When this NP is
accepted, the CDV ballot will continue and the project
will be considered as being at CDV stage.
- French version will be circulated later
ATTENTION ATTENTION

CDV soumis en parallèle au vote (CEI) Parallel IEC CDV/CENELEC Enquiry
et à l’enquête (CENELEC)

Copyright © 2005 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to
download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing
National Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or
any part of it, for any other purpose without permission in writing from IEC.
FORM CDV (IEC) 2002-08-09

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 2 –
CONTENTS
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references.5
3 Definitions.7
4 Ratings and characteristics .11
4.1 Standard values of rated frequency.11
4.2 Standard values of rated voltages U .11
r
4.3 Standard insulation level and test voltage .11
4.3.1 Grading capacitors for category “a” .12
4.3.2 Grading capacitors for category “b” .14
4.4 Rated temperature categories .15
4.5 Creepage distance.15
4.6 Capacitance tolerances.15
4.7 Capacitor loss requirements .16
4.8 Angle of mounting.16
4.9 Minimum withstand value of mechanical bending load .16
4.10 Minimum withstand value of torsion moment .16
5 Service conditions .16
5.1 Normal service conditions .16
5.1.1 Temporary overvoltage .16
5.1.2 Altitude .16
5.1.3 Ambient temperature .16
5.1.4 Mechanical stress and vibrations.17
5.1.5 Additional service conditions for indoor and completely immersed
grading capacitor.17
5.1.6 Additional service conditions for outdoor grading capacitor.18
5.2 Special service conditions .18
5.2.1 Altitude .18
5.2.2 Ambient temperature and humidity .19
5.2.3 Earthquakes.19
5.3 Radio interference voltage (RIV).19
6 Test requirements.19
6.1 General requirements .19
6.2 Test conditions .20
6.3 Classification of tests .21
6.3.1 Type tests .21
6.3.2 Routine tests.22
6.3.3 Special test .22
7 Type tests .22
7.1 Dielectric tests.23
7.1.1 Dry power-frequency voltage withstand test .23
7.1.2 Wet power-frequency voltage withstand test .23
7.1.3 Dry switching impulse voltage test.23
7.1.4 Wet switching impulse voltage test .24
7.1.5 Lightning and chopping impulse voltage test .24
7.2 Partial discharge test .25
7.3 Mechanical bending test.25

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 3 –
8 Routine tests .26
8.1 Capacitance measurement at power frequency.26
8.2 Measurement of the tangent of the loss angle (tan δ).27
8.3 Dielectric tests.27
8.4 Partial discharge test .27
8.5 Tightness test.28
8.6 Tightness test to check gas ingress from pressurised environment .29
8.7 Visual inspection and dimensional check.29
9 Special tests .30
9.1 Radio interference voltage test .30
9.2 Overvoltage test at low and high temperature.31
9.3 Tightness test at different temperatures .31
9.4 Vibration test .32
9.5 Resonance frequency measurements.32
10 Recommendations for transport, storage, erection, operation and maintenance .32
10.1 Conditions during transport, storage and installation.33
10.2 Installation.33
10.3 Unpacking and lifting.33
10.4 Assembly .33
10.4.1 Mounting.33
10.4.2 Connections to metal parts .33
10.4.3 Final installation inspection .34
10.5 Operation .34
10.6 Maintenance .34
10.6.1 General.34
10.6.2 Recommendation for the manufacturer .34
10.5.1 Recommendations for the user.35
10.5.2 Failure report .35
11 Safety .37
11.1 Electrical aspects.37
11.2 Mechanical aspects .37
11.3 Thermal aspects .37
11.4 National regulations .37
12 Environmental aspects.37
13 Marking of the grading capacitor .37
13.1 Nameplate.37

Annex A (informative) .42
A.1 Alternative method for the switching impulse voltage type test .42
A.2 Alternative method for the lightning impulse voltage type test .42

Figure 1 – Grading capacitor diagram .38
Figure 2 – Altitude correction factor (see 5.2.1) .39
Figure 3 – RIV test circuit (see 9.1) .40
Figure 4 – Example of resonance frequency measurement recording (see 9.5) .41

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 4 –
Table 1a – Standard insulation levels for 3,6 kV ≤ Um < 300 kV (range I, series I
according to IEC 60694) .12
Table 1b – Standard insulation levels for 4,76 kV ≤ Um < 362 kV (range I, series II,
used in North America, according to IEC 60694). .13
Table 2a – Standard insulation levels for Um ≥ 300 kV (range II according to
IEC 60694).13
Table 2b – Standard insulation levels for Um ≥ 362 kV (range II, used in North
America, according to IEC 60694). .14
Table 3 – Standard insulation levels for 72,5 kV ≤ Um < 300 kV (range I according to
IEC 62271).14
Table 4 – Standard insulation levels for Um ≥ 300 kV (range II according to
IEC 62271).14
Table 5 .17
Table 6 .21
Table 7 .28

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 5 –
GRADING CAPACITORS FOR HIGH-VOLTAGE
ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUIT-BREAKERS



1 Scope
This standard is applicable to the grading capacitors used on circuit-breakers to control the
voltage distribution across the individual interrupting chambers.
The capacitors are also used to equalise the voltage distribution across the interrupting
chambers both during circuit-breaker opening and closing operations.
Grading capacitors can also be used in parallel on single break circuit-breakers to improve
the circuit-breaker capability.
This standard applies to grading capacitors falling into one or both of the following categories
for:
a) mounting on air-insulated circuit-breakers;
b) mounting on immersed (e.g. SF6 in GIS, oil, etc.) circuit-breakers.
This standard is applicable also to the grading capacitors used as replacement for both
categories a) and b).
The object of this standard is:
– to define uniform rules regarding performances, testing and rating;
– to define specific safety rules;
– to provide a guidance for installation and operation.
The testing necessary for each of the above applications is different
For new circuit-breaker applications, the environmental and mechanical testing should be
undertaken as part of the testing of the circuit-breaker as far as the requirements regarding
the grading capacitors are met. This ensures that the correct stresses, taking into account
mounting conditions, can be applied. Similarly grading capacitors should be fitted to the
circuit-breaker during electrical switching tests (e.g. short-circuit) to verify their ability to
withstand these conditions.
For replacement grading capacitors for circuit-breakers already in service, environmental and
mechanical tests are recommended. It should be recognised that these tests may be
inadequate to guarantee adequate performance in actual applications and prospective
purchasers must satisfy themselves of the validity or otherwise of these tests for specific
applications.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050(212):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 212:
Insulating solids, liquids and gases

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 6 –
IEC 60050(436):1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 436: Power
capacitors
IEC 60050(441):1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 441:
Switchgear, controlgear and fuses
IEC 60050(471):1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 471:
Insulators
IEC 60060-1:1989, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test
Requirements
IEC 60068-2-17:1994, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2: Tests – Test Q:
Sealing
IEC 60071-1:1993, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60270:2000, Partial discharge measurements
IEC 60376:1971, Specification and aceptance of new sulphur hexafluoride
IEC 60507:1991, Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage insulators to be used on a.c.
systems
IEC 60694:1996, Common specifications for high-voltage switchgear and controlgear
Standards
IEC 60721: Classification of environmental conditions
IEC 60815:1986, Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions
IEC 61166:1993, High-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers – Guide for seismic
qualification of high-voltage alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC 61462:1998, Composite insulators-Hollow insulators for use in outdoor and indoor
electrical equipment – definitions, test methods, acceptance criteria and design
recommendations
IEC 62155:2003, Hollow pressurized and unpressurizzed ceramic and glass insulators for use
in electrical equipment with rated voltages greater than 1000 V
IEC 62271-100:2003, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 100 High voltage
alternating-current circuit-breakers
IEC 62271-203:2003, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 203: Gas-insulated
metalenclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
Project IEC 60815-3 TS Ed. 1.0: Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators for
polluted conditions – Part 3: Composite insulators for a.c. systems
IEC Guide 109: Environmental aspects – Inclusion in electrotechnical product standards
CISPR 18-2:1986, Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-
voltage equipment – Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 7 –
3 Definitions
3.1
capacitor element (or element)
device consisting essentially of two electrodes separated by a dielectric (IEV 436-01-03).
3.2
capacitor unit (or unit)
assembly of one or more capacitor elements in the same container with terminals brought out
(IEV 436-01-04).
NOTE A common type of unit for grading capacitors has a cylindrical housing of insulating material and metal end
flanges which serve as terminals.
3.3
Capacitor stack (or stack)
assembly of capacitor units connected in series (IEV 436-01-05).
3.4
Capacitor
general term used when it is not necessary to state whether reference is made to a capacitor
unit or to a capacitor stack.
3.5
dielectric of a capacitor
insulating material between the electrodes.
NOTE The major insulation generally consists of paper, plastic film, or a mixed of paper and plastic film
subsequently treated and impregnated with oil or gas at atmospheric pressure or higher.
3.6
rated capacitance of a capacitor (C )
r
capacitance value for which the capacitor has been designed.
3.7
rated frequency of a capacitor (f )
r
frequency for which the capacitor has been designed (IEV 436-01-14).
3.8
rated voltage of a capacitor (U )
r
r.m.s. value of the alternating voltage assigned to the capacitor for identification and at which
the capacitor is designed to operate continuously.
3.9
rated temperature category of a capacitor
range of temperature of the ambient air or other medium in which the capacitor is immersed
during the service life and for which it has been designed.
3.10
grading capacitor
capacitor installed on high-voltage circuit-breakers to control the voltage distribution across
the individual interrupter unit or in parallel on single break circuit-breakers to improve the
breaker capability.
3.11
Indoor capacitor
capacitor, both ends of which are intended to be in ambient air at atmospheric pressure, but
not exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions
(IEV 471-02-03).

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 8 –
NOTE This definition include the completely immersed capacitor according to definition 3.13.
3.12
outdoor capacitor
capacitor, both ends of which are intended to be in ambient air at atmospheric pressure, and
exposed to outdoor atmospheric conditions.
(IEV 471-02-04).
3.13
completely immersed capacitor
capacitor both ends of which are intended to be immersed in an insulating medium other than
ambient air (e.g. oil or gas).
(IEV 471-02-08).
NOTE This definition includes capacitors operating in air or immersed in an insulating medium at temperatures
above ambient, such as occur with air-insulated or gas-insulated enclosure (e.g.: GIS).
3.14
capacitor terminals
terminals intended for electrical and mechanical connection to the terminals of the interrupter
units of circuit-breakers.
3.15
capacitance tolerance
permissible difference between the actual capacitance and the rated capacitance under
specified conditions
(IEV 436-04-01).
NOTE The actual capacitance should be measured at, or referred to, the temperature at which the rated
capacitance is defined.
3.16
resonance frequency
frequency for which the reactance of the intrinsic capacitance of the capacitor is equal to the
reactance of the self-inductance of the capacitor.
3.17
capacitor losses
active power dissipated in the capacitor
(IEV 436-04-10).
3.18
tangent of the loss angle (tan δ) of a capacitor
ratio between the equipment series resistance and the capacitive reactance of a capacitor at
specified sinusoidal alternating voltage and frequency
(IEV 436-04-11).
3.19
insulating envelope
Hollow insulator which is open from end to end, with or without sheds
(IEV 471-01-17).
NOTE 1 An insulating envelope may consists of one insulator unit or two or more permanently assembled
insulator units.
NOTE 2 The insulating envelope may be in ceramic, glass or analogous inorganic material, cast or moulded
resin, composite insulating material, in one piece or more pieces permanently assembled.

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 9 –
3.20
creepage distance
shortest distance along the surface of an insulator between two conductive parts
(IEV 471- 01-08).
NOTE 1 The surface of cement or any other non-insulating jointing material is not considered as forming part of
the creepage distance.
NOTE 2 If high-resistance coating is applied to parts of the insulating part of an insulator, such parts are
considered to be effective insulating surface and the distance over them is included in the creepage distance.
3.21
flashover distance
Shortest distance in air external to the insulator between metallic parts which normally have
the operating voltage between them
(IEV 471-01-07).
3.22
voltage grading factor F of circuit-breaker
VG
The voltage grading factor F is the value that defines the standard values of rated voltages
VG
for the grading capacitor.
This factor is the ratio between the actual maximum power frequency voltage fraction across
one interrupting unit of a multi-break circuit-breaker and the calculated linear power frequency
voltage distribution per interrupting unit.
It is dependant on the circuit-breaker design, of the capacitance value of the grading
capacitor and its tolerance and of the safety margin.
The voltage grading factor shall be defined by the circuit-breaker manufacturer.
3.23
highest voltage for equipment (Um)
highest r.m.s. phase-to-phase voltage for which the equipment (e.g. circuit-breaker) is
designed, in respect of its insulation as well as other characteristics which relate to this
voltage in the relevant equipment standards.
The circuit-breaker with the grading capacitors installed is considered an equipment and Um
is the rated voltage of the circuit-breaker according to IEC 60694; the grading capacitors
alone are only accessories of the equipment.
3.24
external insulation
distance in air and the surfaces in contact with open air of insulation of the grading capacitor
which are subject to dielectric stresses and to the effects of the atmospheric and other
external conditions such as pollution, humidity, ice, vermin, etc.
3.25
internal insulation
internal solid, liquid or gaseous parts of the insulation of the grading capacitor which are
protected from the effects of atmospheric and other external conditions such as pollution,
humidity, ice, vermin, etc.
3.26
rated short duration power frequency withstand voltage
prescribed r.m.s. value of sinusoidal power frequency voltage that the equipment shall
withstand during tests made under specified conditions and for a duration of 1 min unless
otherwise specified.

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62146-1 Ed. 1/CDV © IEC – 10 –
3.27
rated switching impulse withstand voltage
prescribed peak value of the switching impulse withstand voltage which characterises the
insulation of an equipment as regards the withstand tests.
NOTE The standard switching impulse has a time-to-crest of 250 µs and a time-to-half-value of 2500 µs as
specified in IEC 60060-1.
3.28
rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
prescribed peak value of the lightning impulse withstand voltage which characterises the
insulation of an equipment as regards the withstand tests.
NOTE The standard lightning impulse has a front time of 1.2 µs and a time-to-half-value of 50 µs as specified in
IEC 60060-1.
3.29
rated chopped lightning impulse withstand voltage
prescribed peak value of the chopped lightning impulse withstand voltage which
characterises the insulation of a grading capacitor as regards the withstand tests.
NOTE The definitions and the standard parameters applicable to chopped impulses are specified in IEC 60060-1.
3.30
rated insulation level
a) The rated chopped and lightning impulse and short duration power frequency withstand
voltages for capacitors installed on circuit-breaker with rated voltage lower than 300 kV.
b) The rated switching, lightning, chopped impulse and short duration power frequency
withstand voltages for capacitors installed on circuit-breaker with rated voltage equal to
or greater than 300 kV.
The rated insulation levels of the grading capacitor should be equal to or higher than the
relevant requirements for the circuit-breaker interrupting unit.
3.31
overvoltage (in a system)
Any voltage between one phase and earth or between phases having a peak value or values
exceeding the corresponding peak of the highest voltage for equipment.
(IEV 604- 03-09).
NOTE Overvoltages are always transient phenomena. A broad distinction may be made between highly damped
overvoltages of relatively short duration (e.g. 3.27 and 3.28) and undamped or only weakly damped overvoltages
of relatively long duration (see 3.33). The border-line between these two groups cannot be clearly fixed.
3.32
temporary overvoltage
An oscillatory overvoltage at a given location of relatively long duration and which is
undamped or only weakly damped.
Temporary overvoltages usually originate from switching operations or faults (e.g. load
rejection, single phase faults) and/or from non-linearities (ferro-resonance effects,
harmonics). They may be characterised by their amplitude, their osci
...